AJAX is called "asynchronous JavaScript and XML", which is a web development technology to create interactive web applications. According to the advice of jesse james Garrett, the originator of AJAX, Ajax:

Express information with XHTML+CSS;

Use JavaScript to operate DOM (document object model) for dynamic display and interaction;

Use XML and XSLT for data exchange and related operations;

Use XMLHttpRequest object to exchange asynchronous data with Web server;

Use JavaScript to bind everything together.

Similar to DHTML or LAMP, AJAX does not refer to a single technology, but uses a series of related technologies organically. In fact, some AJAX-based "derivative/composite" technologies are emerging, such as AFLAX.

B-browser

A web browser is software that displays files in a web server or file system and allows users to interact with these files. It is used to display on the World Wide Web or LAN.

Text, images and other information. These words or images can be hyperlinked to other websites, and users can browse all kinds of information quickly and conveniently. Most web pages are HTML.

Format, some web pages need a special browser to display correctly. According to the market share of 20 10 and 1, the common web browser on personal computers is Microsoft's Internet in turn.

Explorer, Mozilla's Firefox, Google Chrome, Apple's Safari and

Opera from Opera Software Company. Browser is the most commonly used client program. Web developers should ensure that their programs can run normally in all major browsers.

c-CSS

Cascading Style Sheets, also known as string style sheets, English: cascading style sheets, abbreviated as CSS, by W3C.

A computer language that defines and maintains a standard for adding styles (font, spacing, color, etc.). ) to a structured document, such as an HTML document or an XML application. The latest version is

CSS 2. 1 is a candidate recommendation standard of W3C. The next version of CSS 3 is still under development.

Daum

Document Object Model (DOM) is an extensible markup language recommended by W3C.

The standard programming interface of. The history of document object model can be traced back to the "browser war" between Microsoft and Netscape in the late 1960s.

"(Browser Wars), both sides fought for JavaScript and JScript.

It is a matter of life and death, so it gives the browser powerful functions on a large scale. Microsoft has added many proprietary things to web technology, including VBScript, ActiveX and Microsoft's own D HTML.

Format, etc. So many web pages can't be displayed normally using non-Microsoft platforms and browsers. Dom was a masterpiece brewing at that time.

Electronic event

An event is an action that can be recognized by a control, such as pressing the OK button and selecting a radio button or check box. Each control has its own recognizable events, such as loading, clicking, double-clicking and other events of the form, changing the text of the edit box (text box) and so on. Modern Web applications are largely event-driven.

Events include system events and user events. System events are triggered by the system, such as the deposit date of bank depositors increasing by one day every 24 hours. User events are triggered by users, such as clicking a button to display specific text in a text box. Event-driven controls perform a function. The object that triggers the event is called the event sender; The object that receives an event is called an event receiver.

The event mechanism can be used to realize that when the state of a class object changes, the system will call the method in the class to handle this event, or the object that triggered the control event will call all registered event handlers of the control.

firefly

Firebug is a web browser Mozilla Firefox.

The extension of is a debugging tool. Users can use it to debug, edit and even delete CSS, HTML, DOM and JavaScript of any website.

Code. Firebug also provides other web development tools, such as Yahoo! YSlow, a base. The firefly is Harvey (Joe

Hewitt). He is one of the founders of Firefox.

G-grid

Grid is also called grid, but by definition, grid is more accurate. Find a more suitable definition of web page grid system on the Internet.

Regular grid arrays are used to guide and standardize the layout and information distribution in web pages. Web grid system is developed from plane grid system. For web design, using grid system can not only make

The information on the web page is more beautiful, more readable and easier to obtain. And for front-end development, web pages will be more flexible and standardized. If there are many CSS frameworks that support grid functions, please refer to the article "".

Introduce 27 classic CSS frameworks.

h-HTML

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is designed for "Web page creation and other web browsers"

A markup language designed by "information is visible". HTML is used to organize information, such as titles, paragraphs and lists. To some extent, it can also be used to describe the appearance and semantics of documents. pass by

Tim Berners Lee gave the initial definition of HTML, and IETF further developed HTML with simplified SGML (Standard generalized markup language) syntax, which later became an international standard.

World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) maintenance.

The latest version is HTML5, which is the next major revision of HTML and is still in the development stage. The goal is to replace HTML 4.05438+0 and 1999.

XHTML 1.0 standard, in order to make the network standard meet the needs of contemporary networks with the rapid development of Internet applications. HTML5 in a broad sense actually refers to html,

A combination of technologies including CSS and JavaScript.

I-that is

Windows Internet Explorer (formerly Microsoft Internet Explorer, abbreviated as

IE is a web browser launched by Microsoft.

. As of September 20 10, statistics show the market share of ie browser.

Up to 59.65%. Although it is still the most widely used web browser, compared with the peak period in 2003, its market share is more than 30%.

Internet Explorer supports some standardized technologies to some extent, but there are also many running gaps and compatibility failures.

This has led to more and more criticism from technology developers. The increase in criticism is largely due to the Internet.

The competitors of Explorer have provided relatively complete technical support, and the applications that meet the standards are becoming more and more extensive. because

Internet Explorer is widely used in the world, and network developers often find the Internet when looking for cross-platform code.

Explorers' vulnerabilities, proprietary feature sets and imperfect support for standards.

Ie browser released on March 20114,65438+.

9 browser greatly improves the support for W3C specifications such as CSS3 and HTML5, and this version is also the Internet.

Explorer browser is the first version accelerated by GPU, and the official version scored 95/ 100 in the Acid3 test, which has made great progress compared with the previous version. It can be considered that from

With the beginning of Internet Explorer 9, the support of Internet Explorer browser for W3C specification will no longer be a problem.

j-JavaScript

JavaScript is a scripting language widely used in client Web development.

, which is often used to add dynamic functions to HTML pages, such as responding to various operations of users. It was originally developed by Brendan Eich of Netscape.

Design is a dynamic, weakly typed and prototype-based language with built-in support classes. JavaScript is a registered trademark of Sun Company. ecma international

ECMAScript is developed based on JavaScript.

Standard. JavaScript can also be used in other situations, such as server-side programming. A complete JavaScript implementation consists of three parts: ECMAScript,

Document object model, byte order symbol.

Netscape originally named its scripting language LiveScript, and it was renamed JavaScript after cooperation with Sun.

JavaScript was originally influenced by Java.

One of the purposes of the design is to "look like Java", so there are similarities in grammar, and some names and naming specifications are also borrowed from Java. But the main design principles of JavaScript

From self and plan

Similarity in name. JavaScript and Java are the result of Netscape's agreement with Sun Company for market consideration. In order to gain technical advantages, Microsoft introduced JScript.

Confrontation with JavaScript scripting language. For interoperability, Ecma International (formerly known as the European Computer Manufacturers Association)

) created ECMA-262 standard (ECMAScript). Now both of them belong to the implementation of ECMAScript. Although JavaScript is aimed at non-programmers,

Scripting language is not promoted and publicized as a programmer's programming language, but JavaScript has very rich characteristics.

K-keyword optimization

Keyword optimization, also known as search engine optimization (SEO for short), is a method of using search engines.

Search rules to improve the ranking of destination websites in related search engines. Because many studies have found that users of search engines often only pay attention to the first few items in search results, many websites

Everyone hopes to influence the ranking of search engines through various forms. Especially all kinds of websites that make a living by advertising.

The so-called "optimization for search engines" is to make the website more acceptable to search engines. The search engine will do some correlation data comparison between the contents of the website, and then the browser will present these contents to the searcher in the fastest and most complete way.

Search engine optimization for any website, search engine optimization is a crucial job if you want to promote the website successfully. At the same time, because search engines constantly change their rankings, this is a rule.

Then, every time the algorithm changes, some well-ranked websites will fall into Sun Shan overnight, and the direct consequence of losing the ranking is to lose the inherent considerable visits of websites. So every time the search engine algorithm changes,

Will cause quite a stir and anxiety on the website. It can be said that search engine optimization is an increasingly complex job.

l-Less

fewer/ lesser

It was originally a gem of ruby, which gave CSS the characteristics of a dynamic language, including variables, operators and nesting rules. In fact, the real role of Less is to transform CSS that uses advanced functions into

Standard CSS. When a Web client initiates a request, these are all realized through Http.

Handler did it. You can also edit it. In addition, Less can be configured to automatically minimize the generated CSS files, which not only saves bandwidth, but also improves the end-user experience.

Layer. There is also a. Net version of Less.

m-MVC

Model-view-controller is a software architecture in software engineering.

Mode, the software system is divided into three basic parts: model, view and controller. The MVC pattern was first developed by Trygve.

Reenskaug proposed in 1974 that Xerox PARC became the programming language Smalltalk in 1980s.

A software design mode invented. MVC mode

The purpose of this paper is to realize a dynamic program design, simplify the subsequent modification and expansion of the program, and make it possible to reuse a part of the program. In addition, this model simplifies the complexity and makes the program knot.

The structure is more intuitive. By separating its own basic parts, the software system also gives each basic part its due function.

N-node. Jet research …

Node is a Javascript runtime, which is actually an application of Google V8 engine (applicable to Google).

Chrome browser) for packaging. V8 citation

The engine executes Javascript very quickly and the performance is very good. Node optimizes some special use cases and provides an alternative API, which makes V8 run better in a non-browser environment. example

For example, in a server environment, it is usually necessary to deal with binary data, but Javascript does not support it enough. So, V8. Node adds a Buffer class, which is convenient and efficient.

Processing binary data. So Node not only simply uses V8, but also optimizes it to make it more powerful in various environments. Node.js

All-inclusive, but most importantly, it provides a way to run Javascript outside the Web browser. Javascript is widely used in the front-end development of websites. node

This makes this popular programming language run in more environments, even on the server side of the website.

O- object

Object is a term in object-oriented, which not only represents the problem space of the objective world.

A concrete thing in (namespace) also represents the basic element in the solution space of a software system. In a software system, an object has a unique identifier and includes attributes.

(Attribute) and (Method). Attribute is the information that needs to be memorized, and method is the service that an object can provide. In the Object-oriented (object)

Oriented), an object is an instance of a class.

P — PHP

PHP(H hypertext P re processor) is a scripting language running on a computer, which is mainly used to process dynamic web pages.

, also includes the command line interface (command line interface), or generate graphical user interface (GUI) program. PHP was first developed by Rasmus.

Lerdorf was invented in 1995, and now the standard of PHP is jointly maintained by the PHP team and the open source community. In PHP

License is a license agreement, but it is not compatible with the open source license agreement GPL because it restricts the use of PHP names.

PHP has a wide range of applications, especially in the development of web programs. Generally speaking, PHP mostly runs on the web server, and generates the web pages that users browse by running PHP code. PHP can

Running on most servers and operating systems, and using PHP is completely free. According to the statistics in April 2007, PHP has been installed on more than 20 million websites and 6.5438+0 million servers.

On the server.

Question-inquiry

Queries have many meanings. For example, query languages are used to interact with extended systems that store data. A good example is that SQL is used to operate relational databases. Another meaning is that the query string, as a part of URL, is used to transfer data in Web applications, and the format of the query string is generally in the form of key-value pairs.

R-regular expression

Regular expressions (English: Regular Expression, regex or regexp, abbreviated as RE) are also translated into regular expressions and regular expressions.

In computer science, it refers to a single character string used to describe or match a series of character strings that conform to certain syntactic rules. In many text editors

Or other tools, regular expressions are often used to retrieve and/or replace text content that conforms to a specific pattern. Many programming languages support string manipulation using regular expressions. For example, in

Perl has a powerful regular expression engine built in. The concept of regular expression was first popularized by Unix tools such as sed and grep.

S-source code control

Source code management, also known as version control, is a software engineering skill, which can ensure that the same program files edited by different people are synchronized in the process of software development. Software designer

Version control is usually used to track and maintain changes in source code, documents and configuration files, and to provide a process to control these changes. In the simplest case, software designers

You can keep many different versions of a program and number them appropriately. This simple method has been used in many large-scale software projects. This is a method that can achieve the goal, but it is not effective enough.

Rate. In addition to maintaining many almost identical code backups at the same time; And it depends largely on the self-cultivation and development discipline of software designers, but this is often the cause of mistakes.

Sometimes, you need to have more than two versions of the program at the same time, for example, one version has a program error to deploy.

It has been modified, but no new functions have been added; In another development version, there are new functions being developed and new errors to be solved, which requires different versions and modifications at the same time. In addition, in order to find out that only exists in

When a specific version has a program error, or a version with a program error is found, the software debugger must also find out the location of the problem by comparing different versions of the code.

T — TDD

Test-driven development is one of the modern computer software development methods. Use tests to drive software.

Program design and implementation. Test-driven became popular in the 1990s. Test-driven development is extreme programming.

The main method of program development advocated in is to write a test program first, and then code it to pass the test. The purpose of test-driven development is to get quick feedback and use "give me an example"

Main line "method to build the program.

Metaphor of test-driven development. Development can be viewed from two aspects: the function and quality of implementation. Test-driven development is more like a "two hats thinking" development method. Put on the hat first to realize the function and assist the test.

Help, quickly realize the correct function; Rebuild again.

Under the protection of testing, the code reusability and quality are improved by removing redundant and repetitive codes. It can be seen that testing really belongs to the core position in test-driven development, which runs through the whole development.

U- unit test

Unit testing (also called module testing) is a test to check the correctness of program modules (the smallest unit of software design). A program unit is the smallest testable component of an application. exist

In process programming, a unit is a single program, function, process, etc. For object-oriented programming, the smallest unit is the method, including the method in the base class (superclass), abstract class or derived class (subclass).

Generally speaking, every time a programmer modifies a program, he will carry out at least one unit test. Many unit tests are likely to be carried out before and after writing the program to confirm that the program conforms to the software specification (

En: specification), no bedbugs; Although unit testing is not necessary, it is not bad, which involves the policy decision of project management.

v-VIM

Vim is a text editor developed from vi. Code completion, compilation, error jump and other convenient programming functions are particularly rich and widely used by programmers. And Emacs

It is listed as the favorite editor of Unix-like system users. The first version of Vim was released by bram moolenaar at 199 1. The original abbreviation is v I.

With the continuous increase of functions, the official name of simulation has been changed to V i IM proved. Now it is free software released in open source mode.

w-WordPress

WordPress is a blog platform developed in PHP language. Users can support PHP and MySQL databases.

Set up your own blog on the server. You can also use WordPress as a content management system (CMS). WordPress is a free open source software.

GNU General Public License Project

Authorized issue. At present, the latest version is the official simplified Chinese version of 3.0.5, which was released on February 24th, 20 1 1. In addition, there are many languages to choose from, including English.

X — XSS

Cross-site scripting (XSS) is a security vulnerability attack of website application, which allows malicious users to inject code into web pages, and other users will be affected when watching web pages. Such attacks usually include HTML and client scripting languages.

Y — YUI

Yahoo! UI library (YUI) is an open source JavaScript function library. In order to build a highly interactive web page, it uses AJAX, DHTML and DOM code technology. It also contains many CSS resources.

Z-Z index

Z index

Is a CSS attribute, which is used to set the stacking order of elements. Elements with higher stacking order always precede elements with lower stacking order. This property sets the position of the positioning element along the Z axis, which is defined as the axis extending perpendicular to the display area. If positive, it means closer to the user; if negative, it means farther away from the user.