In different regions, countries and historical periods, the habits of using stage equipment in theatrical performances are different. For example, the descending artifact used in the ancient Greek theater, the front curtain of the ancient Roman stage rose from bottom to top. Leonardo da Vinci, a famous Italian artist, once designed a turntable in the drama activities of the Renaissance. On the Italian stage, he used the mechanical system of suspending flying people and scenery, and the whole mechanical system of replacing the side curtain scene with manpower and machinery. In Japan, kabuki artist Masazo Hiki invented and used a wooden turntable. In China, the lifting system of the actors on the palace stage in Qing Dynasty used manual winch equipment. After entering the electrical age, all countries in the world have retained their own characteristics in the habit of building and using stage equipment, but the general trend has gradually approached and formed a set of conventions:

Data analysis shows that in recent years, the asset scale and main income of China's performing arts equipment industry have increased rapidly, but the number of enterprises and personnel have increased slowly; The ownership structure of enterprises is dominated by private economy, and the structure of human resources is obviously differentiated; The concentration of stage machinery industry is high, and the concentration of professional audio and lighting industry is low; Manufacturing enterprises are mainly concentrated in the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta, and other types of enterprises are widely distributed; System integration and R&D design enterprises have strong profitability, while low-end assembly links have weak profitability; Some products are close to the international advanced level, but most products still have a considerable gap. At present, the performance equipment industry should focus on improving innovation ability, promoting scientific and technological progress and cultivating independent brands, and comprehensively improve the technical strength and comprehensive strength of performance equipment enterprises. Installed on the ceiling of the fence at the top of the stage are:

(1) Curtains, also known as front curtains or curtains, are usually installed behind the frame of a picture frame. Modern playwrights often use its beginning and end to indicate the beginning and end of a drama, or to divide the paragraphs of a drama. In Europe, until the end of 19, the curtains were painted with murals, which were still preserved in theaters in some stagnant countries. Later, it was gradually changed into plain curtains. Its opening and closing methods include lifting, splitting and butterfly account.

(2) False platform opening, which is another platform opening that can extend about one meter behind the curtain. This fake platform entrance originated in Germany and is divided into left and right vertical frames and horizontal frames hanging from them. The movement of the three shelves can enlarge or reduce the area of the platform opening. The back of the shelf can be loaded with a large number of lighting lamps and personnel operating the lamps.

(3) Derrick is used to hang lifting equipment such as scenery, curtains and lamps. The layout, design principles and technical parameters of suspenders have been included in the theater building codes in some countries. On the stage without frame, a certain number of suspenders or lifting points are often arranged in different ways according to different needs. Boom is the most important stage equipment.

④ Before the end of19, only the background of painting was used in the landscape. When the stage began to be illuminated by electric lights, there was a canopy that relied on colored light projection to create the illusion of the sky. 1902, Spanish stage designer Fortyny invented the bowl-shaped canopy system, including the lighting method, and achieved good artistic effect. Later, it was changed into a semi-cylindrical retractable soft material awning, which was widely used in theaters in continental Europe, while in theaters in Britain, the United States, Japan and China, soft material awnings with straight middle and slightly rounded wings across the back of the stage were mostly used. Since the 1960s, plastic awnings have been widely used in theaters, which can project large areas of light and projection.

⑤ Light hanging cages are installed at the outer edges of overpasses on both sides of the frame platform, corresponding to the light suspenders. Can lift, can hold a dozen to dozens of lights and a few people who operate the lights, which solves the problem of projecting light from both sides of the stage to the stage.

Scenery equipment installed on the stage platform includes:

(1) Turntable 1758 Wooden truss turntables were first used in Japanese kabuki stage, 1896 German stage mechanic Lawton Shi Lage first installed metal truss turntables in local theaters in Munich, and later they were quickly popularized in European and American theaters. The function of the turntable is to install several sets at the same time, which saves the procedure and time of changing scenes. The rotation of the turntable can also produce many special dramatic effects in the performance. When the turntable is installed on the bezel, its diameter generally exceeds the width of the bezel. Turntables can also be installed on the extended stage, and some theaters are equipped with double-ring turntables or multi-ring turntables.

(2) The lifting platform began in the Italian Palace Theatre after the Renaissance, but the large-area metal truss lifting platform operated by hydraulic machinery first appeared in the Budapest Opera House completed in 1884, and then gained popularity in European and American theaters. The function of the lifting platform is to create the ups and downs of the platform in a large area and provide a vivid scheduling fulcrum for the performance. In addition, the lifting platform can also be used to create some special dramatic effects. After entering the 20th century, a large number of lifting platforms were used in theaters, and their functions also included changing the form of stage and audience. The simplest way is to raise the lifting platform of the orchestra pit to expand the stage area. There are also some changeable theaters that shorten the distance between the audience and the actors by changing the lifting platform, so as to obtain the relationship between the audience and the actors that traditional theaters can't achieve. The most famous in this respect are the small theater of Mannheim Theatre in the Federal Republic of Germany and the courtesy hall of the National Theatre in London.

(3) In order to quickly replace a large number of sets and facilitate the movement of the performance area, especially after the use of a large number of stereoscopic sets at the end of 19, the turntable and lifting platform can no longer meet the needs of quickly changing channels. So first, a formal platform was installed in the Palace Theatre in Berlin. Later, many traditional theaters installed it and used it to create some special performance effects.

In order to improve the efficiency of stage machinery, two or three mechanical stages are installed on the same stage, which is called mixed mechanical stage. Typical ones are as follows: turntable combined platform, such as Leipzig Theatre in GDR; The platform is combined with a lifting platform, such as the Sofia National Theatre in Bulgaria; Lifting platform combined with turntable, such as Karl Marx Opera House in GDR. The combination of three mechanical stages was first founded by the Dessau National Theatre in GDR, followed by the Red Army Theatre in Moscow, and the newly-built metropolitan opera was the first one with large scale and excellent machinery. At present, many theaters have extended the mixed mechanical stage to the audience, forming a diversified combination of audience and stage, such as the drama center of Harvard University in the United States. In 1980s, China also built several theaters with mixed mechanical stages. These devices can be roughly divided into two types: one is electroacoustic amplification equipment, and the other is direct effect audio equipment, such as manual (or electric) operated blower, rain sounder, thunder sounder and so on.