history
20 12.4
(Examination time 120 minutes, total score of test paper 150 points)
Note to candidates:
This paper is divided into multiple-choice questions and non-multiple-choice questions. The answers to all questions are written on the answer sheet according to the corresponding numbers of the questions. This paper is not used as a basis for grading and grading.
The first volume of multiple-choice questions (75 points in total)
Multiple choice question:
The following questions are 2 points each, totaling 60 points, and each question has only one correct option.
1. In historical research, we often encounter the difference between "historical phenomenon" and "historical conclusion". "Historical conclusion" is a conclusion formed on the basis of rational understanding and basic judgment of historical phenomena. The following belongs to the "historical conclusion" is ()
A. 1932 American presidential election, Hoover stepped down under heavy siege.
B. Roosevelt's New Deal, a new model of state intervention in the economy, has a far-reaching impact on capitalism.
C The Three People's Principles advocated by Sun Yat-sen are nationalism, civil rights and people's livelihood.
D in order to realize industrialization, the people of China have devoted themselves to national construction with full enthusiasm.
2. A school's historical interest group wants to study the slave society in the two river basins of ancient West Asia. What do you think of the selected material ()?
A. Pyramid B. code of hammurabi C. Caste system D. The Analects of Confucius
When we talk about "democracy", we often mention Athens. What should we know about democracy in Athens? ( )
(1) Athens has a fine democratic tradition since the founding of the People's Republic of China, which can be carried forward by successive leaders.
Although Athens experienced different political systems, it finally believed that democracy was the most feasible.
Democracy in Athens means that everyone can participate in politics and vote on public affairs.
At that time, democracy still had identity restrictions, so citizens had the right to participate in politics, and women were excluded.
A.①② B.①④ C.①③ D.②④
4. In the middle of the 5th century BC, the Roman Republic promulgated the Law of Twelve Copper Rice, and its progress lies in ().
A. to a certain extent, the interests of civilians have been guaranteed. B. eliminate the contradiction between nobles and civilians.
C mediated the relationship between Rome and conquered peoples, and D promoted the development of commodity economy.
5. The situation of farmers in a certain era in history is: "They must bear forced labor and taxes in kind, and cannot move or engage in other industries at will. When farming, the landlord provides farm tools, seeds and livestock. Farmers can't decide their own crops, nor can they fish in the landlord's pond or hunt in the forest at will. " The farmers here live in ()
A. Athens at the beginning of the second century and France in the eleventh century
C. China in the 16th century and Britain in the 18th century.
6. In history, subjective motivation often deviates from objective effect, which is the so-called "as you sow, you reap". The following political systems in ancient China directly reflected this phenomenon in the process of implementation ().
A. Qin dynasty county system B. Western Han dynasty county system C. Yuan dynasty province system D. Qing dynasty Ministry of War
7. A name is not only a symbol of a person, but also a symbol of an era. There are many names in the history of Song Dynasty, such as Jiao Shoujie, Li Kerang, Chen, Zhao Anren and Zhang Zhongshu. The ideological root of this phenomenon is ()
A. patriarchal ideology B. legalist ideology C. Buddhist ideology D. Neo-Confucianism
8. Among the following options, the measure to strengthen absolute monarchy by directly changing the prime minister system is ()
(1) the enfeoffment system in the Western Zhou Dynasty; (2) Procuratorial system in Han Dynasty; (3) Three provinces in Tang Dynasty; (4) Political participation in the Song Dynasty.
A.①② B.②③ C.①④ D.③④
9. "In the future, when the descendants become emperors, they are not allowed to set up a prime minister. If the minister dares to play, he will immediately violate it and the prisoner will be executed. " The most accurate understanding of this material is ()
A. Feng Tianzai, the throne will be passed down forever. B. control speech and maintain rule.
C. severely punish the law and clamp down on ideas D. abolish the prime minister and protect the imperial power.
10. 1759, an official said: "When foreign countries ship to Guangdong and traffic export goods, silk goods are the most important"; "According to statistics, silk goods bought at the age of one are worth (silver) seven or eight hundred and two thousand, that is, more than one million and two thousand"; Its goods were trafficked to Guangdong by merchants from Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, then resold abroad and shipped back to China. The information contained in these words mainly includes ()
The silk industry in the south of the Yangtze River in Qing Dynasty was very developed, and silk was an important commodity of East-West trade at that time.
(3) China has been involved in the capitalist world market. (4) Long-distance trafficking trade between domestic regions has been formed.
A.①②③ B.②③④ C.①②④ D.①③④
1 1. A lady said, "I don't know where I come from. My grandfather was punished as a lifelong coolie by secular clergy because he believed in Protestantism. My father was crippled by his master; My husband joined the army, and I don't know who he is fighting for. " Some people criticized the woman's husband and family for being stupid and even fought for the king, nobles and priests who exploited them. According to the information, this woman is most likely to live in ().
A.65438+Italian manor in the early 5th century B.65438+northern Germanic city at the end of 6th century.
C.65438+port village in England in the 7th century D.65438+town in central France at the end of the 8th century.
12. Modern western scholars use three "G" to summarize the motivation of opening up new air routes. That is, God, glory and gold. The correct understanding of this is ()
① Crazy pursuit of gold ② Exploitation of land resources.
(3) Spreading Christianity overseas; (4) Hongyang Chivalry.
A.①②③ B.①②④ C.①③④ D.②③④
13. Someone said in the church: "Our ancestors were the masters of this vast land; However, your ancestors took a fancy to our family. We once gave them a good place to live; Yes, they are not satisfied. They want our whole family. Now, you have become a huge nation, and we have almost no room. " Who said this to whom? ( )
A. dialogue between indigenous people in south Africa and the white ruling class. Dialogue between North American Indians and White Americans
C. Speech of Taiwan Province aborigines to Japanese colonial rulers D. Speech of slaves transported to the United States to slave owners
14. There is a book that says: "Writers and thinkers from all over the world can be warmly received here. Some parties are hosted by beautiful and knowledgeable celebrities. Writers and scholars can talk about various issues in a wide range of fields, and participants are often known for their eloquence and wit. " This situation is most likely to appear in ()
A. Athens in ancient Greece and Milan in Renaissance.
C. London during the Reformation and Paris during the Enlightenment.
15. Some scholars believe that "from the end of18th century to the middle of19th century, it is an era of great turmoil and historical change for the European continent." The economic factor that triggered the "historic change" is ()
A. The initial formation of the world market B. The beginning of the industrial revolution
C. Establishment of the capitalist system D. Development of the workers' movement
16. A scholar recalled his life and said, "When I was born, the Inquisition was just abolished. When I was a child, I saw the first railway in China open to traffic. Later, I witnessed the protests and riots of workers everywhere. I have participated in several wars and witnessed the reunification of the country. When I am engaged in scientific research, there will be a book on physiological optics that combines physical medicine. " This scholar should be ()
A. German scientist Helmholtz (1821-1894) B. Polish-born French scientist Madame Curie (1867- 1934).
C. Italian scientist Marconi (1874-1937) D. German scientist Einstein (1879- 1955)
17. According to statistics, in the second half of the 1940s, the absolute value of Guangzhou's foreign trade showed a downward trend. The total trade with Britain dropped from 3 10/00000 yuan to160000 yuan, and the number of American merchant ships coming to Guangzhou dropped from 93 to 70. The main reason for the above phenomenon is ()
A. Guangdong people actively resist foreign goods B. treaty of nanking opened five trading ports.
C. Sino-foreign trade shrank after the Opium War D. The Qing government restricted Guangzhou's foreign trade.
18.1845165438+1On October 29th, Mu Jiu, the garrison commander of Su Songtai of the Qing government, jointly promulgated the Shanghai Land Regulations, and Shanghai was established accordingly.
A. British concession B. American concession C. French concession D. Public concession
19. There was such a group of people in the history of China. Their practical activities can be summarized as follows: Shi Jing Wentong Museum, China Merchants Bureau, young children studying in the United States, and Beiyang Navy. The following items are in line with the idea of "this group of people" ()
A. learn from foreigners to control foreigners. B. Reform for survival
C. the idea of "learning from China and using the West" D. Democratic Republic
At one time, Germans declared that "our future lies at sea", French sang "Don't forget the battle of gender" and Russians threatened to "defend the Slavic brothers". What war did these impulsive slogans and actions eventually lead to? ( )
A. Franco-Prussian War B. Crimean War C. Russian-Turkish War D. World War I
2 1. The following traffic phenomena in modern China reflect social progress ().
A. "It is not too much for men and women to mix."
B. "If the China carriage overtakes the foreigner's carriage from behind, it will be dealt with in violation of regulations."
C. "rickshaw pullers hate carriages, and rickshaw pullers hate cars."
D. "People in China have nothing to do by carriage. Therefore, if the carriage is designed for sightseeing. "
At the beginning of the 20th century, Liang Qichao advocated "writing history for all, writing history for all" and set off a "historical revolution". Liang Qichao put forward this idea mainly from ()
① The transformation of modern society in China ② The urgent needs of the people.
(3) the constant influence of western learning; (4) the strong support of the ruling class.
A.①② B.①③ C.①④ D.③④
23. There is a pair of couplets "Vernacular Tongshen, Dream of Red Mansions and Water Margin", which is incredible. Ancient prose is annoying. Ouyang Xiu and Han Yu, what are they? "Who is most likely to write such a couplet ()?
A. Students of the Westernization Movement of Shi Jing University B. Students studying Wentong Museum in the late Qing Dynasty
C. Students in Peking University in the early years of the Republic of China D. Students who participated in the series during the Cultural Revolution
24. A historian described an event in a paper on the modern history of China: "The most important thing is the patriotic movement-the anti-imperialist movement. ..... fight for China's sovereignty in Qingdao; On the other hand, it is to promote the self-awakening of young people. ..... "Excuse me, is this event ()?
A. Revolution of 1911 B. May 4th Movement C. Lugouqiao Incident D. Cultural Revolution
The list of chapters in a newly compiled foreign geography textbook includes "Overview of China, Manchuria, Persia, India, Siam, French Asia, British Malay Peninsula, British Canada and the Dark Continent". Which of the following is the most accurate understanding of this book ()
A. This is1British view of world geography at the beginning of the 8th century.
B: This is1American description of world geography at the beginning of the 9th century.
C This is Japan's classification of world geography in the early 20th century.
D this is China's account of the rise of a new country after world war ii.
26. When a history study group was discussing the history in film and television materials, it was found that the plot of Kuomintang generals snapping up gold and dollars in the late liberation war appeared many times in the TV series Latent. At that time, the dollar was snapped up like gold because ().
A.b. Impact of the Bretton Woods Agreement
C. Requirements of the Charter of the United Nations D. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade Preferences
27. Joseph, Nobel laureate in economics? e？ Stiglitz believes: "Globalization has not served the majority of the poor in the world, nor has it served the environment, nor has it served global stability." Joseph? e？ Stiglitz should draw this conclusion on the basis of ()
Globalization has further widened the gap between the rich and the poor in the world and further worsened the global environment.
③ Globalization has increased the economic risks of developing countries. ④ Globalization has promoted the optimal allocation of international resources.
A.①②③ B.①②④ C.①③④ D.②③④
28. 1954, after Tongrentang implemented the public-private partnership, the workers were full of energy. Their feeling is: "No matter what we used to do, we all worked for our master. After the public-private partnership, we just work for ourselves. " This is because the enterprises after public-private partnership
( )
A. changing private ownership into public ownership B. excluding capitalist management
C. Improve the efficiency of labor production D. Turn capitalist ownership into worker ownership.
29. 1980, Zhuhai was an ordinary small county. In 1990s, Zhuhai developed into a modern city with beautiful environment, and won the "International Best Model Award for Improving the Living Environment" issued by the United Nations. The main reason for Zhuhai's rapid development is ()
A. Adjacent to Hong Kong and Macao B. Policy support C. Leading technology D. Rich resources
30. A scholar thinks: "Except the western liberal democratic system, there is no other system that can replace it and has the ability to survive. ..... The worldwide ideological struggle will no longer exist, but will be replaced by the economic cycle, the endless solution of technical problems and environmental problems, and the satisfaction of consumers' subtle needs. " The above statement is most likely to appear in ()
A. After the Glorious Revolution in Britain B. When the October Revolution in Russia was successful,
C. After the founding of New China D. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War
The following questions are 3 points each, totaling 15, and the score of each option may be 0, 1, 1, 3 points. Choose the best one, no score for multiple choices.
3 1. The "historical facts" and "inferences" in the following table should be more appropriate ()
Historical deductive theory
Among the Neolithic sites found in Erlitou, Yanshi, Henan Province, there is a large palace. Erlitou site is most geographically consistent with Xia recorded in the literature, which proves the existence of Xia Dynasty.
The stratigraphic age of Erlitou site is similar to that of the legendary Xia Dynasty, which proves the existence of the Xia Dynasty.
C the cultural relics unearthed in Erlitou can prove the legend of Yu Xia's water control.
D. Large-scale palace buildings show that social division and powerful authority have existed.
32. Xunzi thought: "Therefore, the sages of the ancients thought that they were dangerous and not right, and they died in chaos. Therefore, they set up a monarch to welcome it, set up a ceremony to change it, legislate to rule it, and ban it with heavy punishment, so that the world can be ruled together and be good. " Judging from this, Xunzi ()
A. advocate evil against good. B. Advocate the combination of etiquette and law
C. emphasize the implementation of severe punishment and strict law D. advocate the rule of virtue.
33. The first ballad in the Tang Dynasty wrote: "The days are long in cold and spring in water towns, and the warblers are busy promoting flowers. The wind blew the gold medal list to the world, and 33 people had incense names. " The System Reflected in Poetry ()
A. A stable and autocratic centralized political system B. Promoting a lasting reading style
C. Enrich the talents and strength of ancient scientific research D. Reflect the relative justice of society
34. "If we generally look at the changes in the overall structure of the Russian state in 186 1, we will inevitably admit that this change is a step on the road from feudal monarchy to bourgeois monarchy. This is correct not only from an economic point of view, but also from a political point of view. " Lenin's passage can be understood as ()
A. Reform has cleared the way for the development of Russian capitalism.
B. After the reform, Russia established a bourgeois parliamentary system.
C. Reform has promoted Russia's modernization.
D. the reform has had a certain impact on Russian politics and economy.
35. The picture on the right was created after the Wuchang Uprising. The author intentionally changed the word "country" to "class", which was common in leaflets, slogans and newspapers at that time, indicating that the concept that had gradually taken root in people's hearts at that time should be the first ().
A. Compassionate with people's feelings B. National unity
C. Democratic Republic D. Folklore changes
Volume 2 Non-multiple choice questions (75 points in total)
36. The relationship between the monarch and the people in the eyes of thinkers
In the political development of China and foreign countries, the relationship between the monarch and the people was once a topic discussed by eastern and western thinkers.
Read the following materials and answer the questions: (14 points)
Material 1: Mencius believes that the acquisition of monarchical power depends on both destiny and people's hearts; Dong Zhongshu advocated that "the son of heaven is the decree of heaven, and the world is the decree of the son of heaven".
Material 2: Locke (1632- 1704) thinks that "people are born free, equal and independent", so people conclude contracts, form a country, and divide political power into legislative power, administrative power and diplomatic power. The people elect deputies to form the legislature with the highest power and choose the form of the country; The other two powers are held by the monarch. Once the law is enacted, no one can escape the punishment of the law by virtue of his own authority.
Material 3: Kang Youwei said in a proposed memorial that the strength of eastern and western countries is due to the establishment of the constitution. Parliamentarians, monarchs and people discuss the politics and laws of a country together. Renjun is integrated with a population of one million, and national security is not strong? China is an authoritarian regime, with one monarch and several ministers ruling together and strong national security. It is natural to cover millions of people. He added in the review of Political Changes in Japan: It is not the right time for me to come here now.
(1) What are the similarities and differences between the views of the two thinkers in the material 1? (2 points)
(2) Summarize Locke's thoughts in Material 2 (don't copy the original text). What is the main difference between it and Montesquieu's view? (5 points)
(3) How did Britain embody Locke's basic ideas in the process of moving towards a modern democratic country? (2 points)
(4) What is the theme of the memorial hall in Material 3? Explain the social reasons of "bad timing" according to the knowledge learned. (3 points)
(5) Summarize the relationship between Kang Youwei's thought reflected in Material 1 and China's traditional thought and Western modern thought reflected in Material 2. (2 points)
37. Evolution of civilization
Historically, modernization means political democratization, economic industrialization, urbanization in social life, ideological liberalization and cultural humanization. Under this guidance, it also promoted the evolution of human civilization. After discussing this point, a student union of a school organized students to do the following topics.
Read the following materials and answer the questions (14 points).
Theme 1 Ancient Bronze Civilization in China
A museum has a bronze "Wei Qi" in the middle of the Western Zhou Dynasty, and the inscription inside records: "Qiu Wei exchanged yu zhang for the land of 80 friends (monetary units). This exchange procedure was agreed by five nobles and completed under the supervision of relevant departments. In this way, Qiu Wei gathered a lot of wealth. In the third generation of Qiu Wei family, the funerary objects enjoyed "Five Ding and Eight Gui". According to the ritual system of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the Emperor of Heaven is nine masters and eight masters, the vassal is seven masters and six masters, and the doctor is five masters and four masters.
Theme 2: Civilization of Rule of Law in Western Society
The Napoleonic Code is now in a museum. The following is an excerpt:
Theme 3: Two Models of Modern Economy
A classmate set up a personal history museum and collected the following two pictures:
Tennessee Water Conservancy Project 1953- 1957 produced in the 1930s in the United States.
Theme 4: Modern political civilization in China.
A museum shows two designs of China's new national emblem. Scheme ① takes the jade wall as the main body, and the pattern includes the country name, red five-star, golden gear, golden harvest and other elements. Scheme (2) is an improved pattern, which retains elements such as red five-star, golden gear and golden harvest, and adds Tiananmen pattern.
Scheme ① Scheme ②
(1) Complete the following table according to the materials in the topic 1. (4 points)
Information content information analysis
Land transactions are completed under supervision.
Land exchange and friendship with Zhang Yu can show that the social commodity economy in the Western Zhou Dynasty has developed, but the level is not high.
(2) It can be explained that the phenomenon of Yue Li appeared in the middle of the Western Zhou Dynasty.
Bronze inscription ③
Bronze casting technology ④
(2) Summarize the principles of the clauses in Theme II and point out the ideological source of the document. (4 points)
(3) What are the different purposes of the economic model reflected in the three pictures? What are their usual methods? (3 points)
(4) Combined with the major historical events since the 20th century, talk about your understanding of adding Tiananmen pattern to the theme four scheme (2). (3 points)
38. Motivation of social development
Reform is the driving force of social development and one of the important factors to promote civilization.
Read the material and answer the questions. ( 1 1)
Material 1: I have given people enough, and their honor has not decreased or increased; Even those who have power and wealth are the same, and I will not let them suffer undue losses; I have a big shield in my hand, which can protect both sides and prevent either side from gaining an unfair advantage. -Solon
Material 2: Qin Xiaogong is Shang Yang. Sanjin is narrow and the people are poor, while Qin is vast and sparsely populated, with endless grass and land use. Therefore, the people of Sanjin were lured to benefit their fields and houses ... while the Qin people were kept at home. So there is no limit to how many abandoned minefields they build and plow. A few years later, the country is rich and strong, and the world is invincible. -"Tongdian? Food "
Material 3: Han Qiyan, a well-known government, said: "Allow me to disperse young crops and serve small farmers, so as not to make the merger take advantage of the situation to double the interest, without public income." The treaty concluded today is to borrow money from first-class rural households, and it is even more allowed to borrow more from third-class and above. "
-from the history of the song dynasty? Food records
Material 4: The goal of reformists is exactly our goal. Their plan is good, but it is somewhat unrealistic and hasty. But according to what was said about 30 years ago, the vast majority of outsiders did not comment on the Meiji Restoration in Japan in this way, but didn't the Meiji Restoration clear the old order in Japan? It is impossible to make an omelet without breaking eggs.
-Letter from Ji Leer, Editor-in-Chief of Time Magazine, to Mo, a reporter of Time Magazine in Beijing (1898165438+1October 25th)
1. Summarize Solon's guiding ideology of reform in the material 1. What is the result of its reform? (2 points)
2. What is the fundamental purpose of Shang Yang's "Attracting Sanjin" in Material 2? What was the result? (3 points)
3. The purpose of the treaty in Material 3. (2 points)
4. How to understand the material "You can't make an omelet without breaking eggs"? What measures did the Meiji government take to "break eggs"? (3 points)
5. Combine the above materials and talk about your understanding of the reform. ( 1)
International pattern
International allocation refers to a structural state and situation formed by the interaction, mutual restriction and influence of strategic power roles such as sovereign States and national groups on the basis of the collection of national interests and national forces in a certain historical development cycle.
Describe the development and evolution of the international pattern in the 20th century. (12)
40. Centralized system
Ma Weidou once said in Revelation of History: "Any social system has its own genes and characteristics, and any social system has its own advantages and disadvantages. I don't think the American political system is impeccable, and I don't think China's political system is useless. China has a long history of traditional culture, so we have a strong cultural identity. Therefore, our social system must operate under culture. "
Read the material and answer the questions. (24 points)
Material 1: In an agricultural society, the level of productivity is relatively low, and the corresponding institutional feature is autocracy. However, in the pre-capitalist period, centralization was constantly strengthened and improved, which was the unique feature of China's system construction. ..... The establishment of Qin county system is the most crucial step in the formation of centralized system. "County" is the word "hanging" in ancient times, and "hanging" is vertical. ..... The formation and development of the ancient "unified" political pattern in China is closely related to the continuous improvement of centralization. ..... In the development process of more than two thousand years, centralization has played an important role in the continuation of Chinese civilization.
-Tao Tao's thought on "centralization"
Material 2: the framers have two goals to achieve at the same time: first, the founding of the country. Only by unifying 13 loose independent states under the confederacy regulations and establishing a federal government that can exercise enough power to replace the confederacy can the United States become a country. Secondly, power restriction is the basis of constitutionalism. The power of this federal government must be appropriate, and a mechanism to restrain its own power should be set in it from the beginning. -Qian "The Changes of American Liberalism"
Material 3: Federalism can create a healthy and powerful political situation and maintain peace and security in the United States. An efficient national government and a harmonious Federation are effective means to deal with foreign aggression, which can concentrate the manpower and material resources of the whole country for any purpose. -Gu Su's Basic Concepts of Liberalism
Material 4: In the pre-Yuan era, in the book of political science, everything must be closed first and then played. The fact that his monarch is so confused is the cause of dissatisfaction and confusion, which can serve as a warning. -Yu Ruzhen's "Don't Draft"
Material 5: Capitalism sprouted from the late Ming Dynasty to the eve of the Opium War. ..... stereotyped writing and Daxing literary inquisition are a means used by Ming rulers to muzzle intellectuals.
-Zheng Baoqi's General History of Ancient China
1. Materials 1 What are the reasons and characteristics of centralization in ancient China? (3 points)
2. Material 2 How did the United States "set up a mechanism to limit its power from the beginning"? (2 points)
3. Please combine the views of historical interpretation material 3 from 1930s and 40s of last century. (4 points)
4. Summarize the above materials and comment on centralization. (15)
Reference answer 20 12.4
Multiple choice question:
1.b . 2 . b . 3 . d . 4 . a . 5 . b . 6 . b . 7 . d . 8 . d . 9 . d . 10 . c
1 1.D. 12。 C. 13。 B. 14。 D. 15。 A. 16。 A. 17。 B. 18。 19.C.20.D
2 1 . a . 22 . b . 23 . c . 24 . b . 25 . c . 26 . b . 27 . d . 28 . a . 29 . b . 30 . d。
Title 3 points 1 minute 1 minute 0 points.
3 1 dabc
32BACD
33ABDC
34CADB
35CABD
Volume 2 Non-multiple choice questions (75 points in total)
36.( 1) Same: deify monarchy; (1) Difference: Mencius deified monarchy and emphasized people-oriented. ( 1)
(2) Freedom and equality, decentralization and the rule of law (or parliamentary politics). (65438+ 0 per minute) Locke put forward the theory of separation of powers, and (/kloc-0 per minute) Montesquieu clearly put forward the principle of separation of legislative, judicial and administrative powers. ( 1)
(3) The Bill of Rights was passed in 1689, and the constitutional monarchy was initially established (1). ( 1)
(4) Constitutional monarchy is the road to a strong country. (1) The monarchy has been autocratic for a long time, and the influence of democratic thoughts is limited; (1) The development of national capitalism is not sufficient, and the reformists are weak. ( 1)
(5) Criticized the feudal autocratic monarchy thought, (1 min) (or inherited and transformed China's traditional people-oriented thought); Draw lessons from western enlightenment thought. ( 1)
37.( 1)① It can be shown that the land can be legally exchanged in the middle of the Western Zhou Dynasty, and ② the funerary objects can enjoy the' Five Ding and Eight Gui'. ③ It can be used to study the characters in the middle of the Western Zhou Dynasty, and ④ it can be used to study the handicraft technology in the Western Zhou Dynasty. (65438+ 0 point for each item)
(2) Everyone is equal before the law and (1) private property is inviolable. (1) Roman law (1) and the Enlightenment. ( 1)
(3) China serves the development of heavy industry (or socialist industrialization), (1) the United States increases employment to stimulate consumption (or alleviates the economic crisis). (1 min) are all state regulation and intervention in the economy. ( 1)
(4) The May 4th Movement 19 19 kicked off the new democratic revolution. (1) 1949 founding ceremony witnessed the birth of the new China. (1) The addition of Tiananmen pattern reflects the indomitable national spirit of China people against imperialism and feudalism. ( 1)
38. 1. Social justice (or class harmony) laid the foundation of democracy in Athens. (or one of the milestones of democracy in Athens) (2 points)
2. Rich country Qiang Bing (1 min) Qin became the most powerful country among the seven countries and unified China (1 min). ( 1)
3. Protect small farmers, curb mergers and increase national income. (2 points for any two points)
Reform must change the old political system. (1 min) abandon the county, (1 min) return the version (1 min) (for example, establish centralization to 1 min).
5. Reform will promote social development. (Give points if it makes sense) (1 point)
39. The outbreak of World War I broke the capitalist world system (1) formed at the end of 19 and the beginning of the 20th century. The Paris Peace Conference and the Washington Conference established the Versailles-Washington system (2), and the League of Nations was established as its maintenance institution (1). 1929- 1933 The world economic crisis severely impacted the stability after World War I (1), and World War II broke the Versailles-Washington system (1). After World War II, the United States, the Soviet Union and other big countries reorganized the post-war world, forming the Yalta system (1), with the United Nations as the maintenance organization (1), and at the same time establishing the Bretton Woods system centered on the US dollar (1). In order to compete for world hegemony, the United States and the Soviet Union formed a pattern of bipolar confrontation in the form of the Cold War (1 min). In the 1980s and 1990s, the drastic changes in Eastern Europe, the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War (1). With the growing strength of the European Union, Japan and developing countries, the world is developing towards multipolarization (1).
40. 1. Agricultural society, low level of productivity. (1) Power is centralized in the central government (or the emperor has the overall power of the whole country), (1) Officials at all levels from the central government to the local government are directly appointed and removed by the emperor (or the central government directly controls the local government). ( 1)
2. 1787 (score 1) The Constitution uses the principle of separation of powers to restrict and balance power. ( 1)
3. The concrete measures of Roosevelt's New Deal saved the capitalist system and created a new model of state monopoly capitalism; Sign the United Nations Declaration, form an anti-fascist alliance and defeat the fascist countries. (each historical fact 1, influence 1, the total score shall not exceed 4).