Classical Chinese is not only used now, but also in the daily life of ancient people. This is just an ancient written language.
There are two ancient jokes that go like this: Zhao Nanxing's "Laughing Praise" in the Ming Dynasty said: "A scholar bought firewood and said,' Come here with a salary.' The firewood seller understood the word' come here' and took it to the front.
Q:' What's its price?' Because the word' price' is very clear, I said the price. The scholar said,' solid outside and weak inside. More smoke and less fire, please damage.
The firewood seller didn't know what to say, and the lotus went. There is also an old joke that a scholar was stung by a scorpion when he was sleeping at night and called to his wife, "Dear wife, burn a silver lamp quickly, your husband was attacked by a poisonous insect!" " I said it several times, but my wife didn't know what it meant.
The scholar couldn't help it and shouted, "Old woman, turn on the light quickly, the scorpion stung me!" " The wife understands her husband's meaning ... These two jokes can prove that classical Chinese is seriously out of touch with the daily life of ancient people. The ancient people probably spoke just like the TV series Romance of the Three Kingdoms, and most people could understand it.
The teacher gives lectures to students, probably in vernacular, just like we are explaining classical Chinese today. Confucius' The Analects of Confucius kept some oral things.
Since some people also spoke vernacular Chinese in ancient times, why didn't literati write in vernacular Chinese? I think, firstly, they are afraid of wasting paper. In the early days, there was no paper, and the words were engraved on Oracle Bone Inscriptions and bamboo slips and written on cloth and silk, which was very expensive. Of course, the article should be concise.
Second, if you don't write classical Chinese, there will be no culture, and the literati will feel ashamed, so there will be no need for vernacular Chinese. For example, Zhang Dayou of the Tang Dynasty wrote a poem in vernacular, which was later ridiculed.
China's Cultural Revolution began with language. The New Culture Movement and the Language Revolution during the May 4th Movement played an unparalleled role in promoting the ideological modernization of China people.
Hu Shi and others think that "the words in classical Chinese are readable but incomprehensible" and "half-dead words", so there must be living tools to replace the dead or dying tools. Driven by Hu Shi and others, the popularity of vernacular Chinese is vigorous and surprisingly smooth.
China quickly popularized the vernacular, and introduced a large number of western grammatical structures, pinyin letters, Arabic numerals, punctuation marks, mathematical and physical formulas, etc. Finally, China will be in line with the modern society. Without the reform of language and writing, and without introducing new things from the West, how can the classical Chinese in China carry an overwhelming amount of modern information? How can China integrate into the vast torrent of this world? It is certainly a good thing that classical Chinese has been transformed into vernacular Chinese, but after the reform, new problems have emerged: today, each of us should not only spend a lot of energy to learn modern Chinese, but also learn classical Chinese, which is called the essence of China culture and has little practical value.
Chinese is the main course for students. A person has been studying from primary school to university for half his life. However, many people still don't know all the words, can't translate sentences, can't write well, and can't learn all the knowledge ... Alas, this annoying classical Chinese .............. ……PS: Give a +2 if you agree. If you don't agree, just say what you think. Thank you.
2. There are two ancient jokes about classical Chinese and my 800-word composition:
In Zhao Nanxing's Laughing Praise in the Ming Dynasty, he said, "A scholar bought firewood and said,' Come here with a salary.' The firewood seller understood the word' come here' and took it to the front. Q:' What's its price?' Because the word' price' is very clear, I said the price. The scholar said,' solid outside and weak inside. More smoke and less fire, please damage it. The firewood seller didn't know what to say, and the lotus went. "
There is also an old joke that a scholar was stung by a scorpion when he was sleeping at night, and he called to his wife and said, "Dear wife, burn a silver lamp quickly, your husband was attacked by a poisonous insect!" " "Said several times, my wife all don't know what that means. The scholar couldn't help it, and shouted, "Old woman, turn on the light quickly, the scorpion stung me!" " "The wife understood the meaning of her husband. ...
These two jokes can prove that classical Chinese is seriously out of touch with the daily life of ancient people. The ancient people probably spoke just like the TV series Romance of the Three Kingdoms, and most people could understand it. The teacher gives lectures to students, probably in vernacular, just like we are explaining classical Chinese today. Confucius' The Analects of Confucius kept some oral things.
Since some people also spoke vernacular Chinese in ancient times, why didn't literati write in vernacular Chinese? I think, firstly, they are afraid of wasting paper. In the early days, there was no paper, and the words were engraved on Oracle Bone Inscriptions and bamboo slips and written on cloth and silk, which was very expensive. Of course, the article should be concise. Second, if you don't write classical Chinese, there will be no culture, and the literati will feel ashamed, so there will be no need for vernacular Chinese. For example, Zhang Dayou of the Tang Dynasty wrote a poem in vernacular, which was later ridiculed.
China's Cultural Revolution began with language. The New Culture Movement and the Language Revolution during the May 4th Movement played an unparalleled role in promoting the ideological modernization of China people. Hu Shi and others think that "the words in classical Chinese are readable but incomprehensible" and "half-dead words", so there must be living tools to replace the dead or dying tools. Driven by Hu Shi and others, the popularity of vernacular Chinese is vigorous and surprisingly smooth. China quickly popularized the vernacular, and introduced a large number of western grammatical structures, pinyin letters, Arabic numerals, punctuation marks, mathematical and physical formulas, etc. Finally, China will be in line with the modern society. Without the reform of language and writing, and without introducing new things from the West, how can the classical Chinese in China carry an overwhelming amount of modern information? How can China integrate into the vast torrent of this world?
It is certainly a good thing that classical Chinese has been transformed into vernacular Chinese, but after the reform, new problems have emerged: today, each of us should not only spend a lot of energy to learn modern Chinese, but also learn classical Chinese, which is called the essence of China culture and has little practical value. Chinese is the main course for students. A person has been studying from primary school to university for half his life, but many people still have incomplete knowledge of words, can't translate sentences, can't write well, and can't finish learning. ...
Alas, this annoying classical Chinese ... PS: If you agree, please give me +2. If you disagree, please talk about your own ideas. Thank you!
3. Senior high school classical Chinese practice 600 words 1. Looking for cocoons in danger binds the pupa, which breaks out of the cocoon and becomes the most beautiful butterfly; At night, the light is blocked, and the stars try to twinkle, making beautiful starry sky; Danger, head-on blocked the way forward, and we, looking for opportunities in danger, want to create a better future! The danger is that Sima Qian was deeply imprisoned and imprisoned. Should he continue to write down the true history or give in to the feudal imperial power? Sima Qian resolutely chose to persist in the face of the crisis, and it was this crisis that gave him a 600-word high school composition. If there is no crisis, I'm afraid it will be difficult to realize the "swan song of historians", that is, Li Sao without rhyme. The crisis is that Li Bai was framed and exiled to the frontier despite his ability and political integrity. "Going out and laughing in the sky is my generation?" Danger, sometimes as small as a drop of lamp oil on clothes, the young French handyman had to pay for it for a year in vain. But looking for an opportunity in danger, he found the place polluted by kerosene. Instead of getting dirty, he removed the old stain. This discovery led him to develop a dry cleaning machine. Without danger, how can there be a great change in traditional laundry technology? Danger, sometimes very big, such as Wenchuan earthquake. May 2, 2008 14: 28, please remember that at this moment, the vibration from more than 20 kilometers underground knocked down the teaching building, home and many major projects. However, the danger gives us the opportunity to witness maternal love, teachers' morality, unity and national care. Great love comes from great disaster. Engels once said: There is no catastrophe that is not compensated by the great progress of history. And we Chinese nation will take the disaster as an opportunity to unite the people and rise up against it! Life is like a mountain, looking for opportunities in danger is like looking for a mountain, and you will know the height of the mountain! Life is like the sea. Looking for opportunities in danger is like sailing into the sea. Only in this way can you know the size of the sea! None of us like the night, but we like the starry sky; None of us like danger, but we can turn it into a crisis. Whether facing the crisis of personal destiny or national destiny, let's look for opportunities in danger and create brilliance together! Clouds in Mo Wei cover your eyes, and you will see the sunshine all over the sky. If Shelley's wings are hard enough, the eagle will begin to spread its wings; If the water drops are rich enough, the stream will start to flow; If the mind is strong and sensitive enough, people will start to move forward. So, reach out, push away the dark clouds in the sky and seek light in the dark. Is it the next Dalton, the next Ando, or the next Jolly? Once, dark clouds covered the land of Chu and Han. Xiang Yu, the once all-powerful overlord of Chu, had the arrogance of burning Epang Palace to ashes and the brilliant exploits of sweeping the north of the Yangtze River, but in the end. Yu Ji's blood dyed the sword red, and he couldn't cross this heart or the dark clouds in Jiangdong. Perhaps Liu Bang's wisdom lies in his "stupidity". "Stupid" endured Hong Men's banquet and "stupid" accepted the enemy's surrender. He really understands that it is only a temporary haze, and he can use his cleverness to seek time and finally win the world. Like a stain on his sleeve, Xiang Yu was immersed in its filth and let it spread; Liu Bang tried to wash it and turn it into a bright spot in life. Life cannot be perfect after all. When dark clouds covered the sky, did he stay in the Grand View Garden and sing softly with a song "Burying Flowers" to bury his soul? Or the more bound, use flying to achieve life? John? Christopher gave me the answer. Fate was cruel to Christopher and took away his wealth, love and health. Struggle makes him miserable, but it can't erase his soul. In pain, with his life, Christopher wrote a moving movement and also wrote his tenacity. Bodie worked with him, and his left eye could only blink. He cooperated with his assistant and finally finished his masterpiece. Don't ask. Look up at the sky and hide behind dark clouds to avoid the sun. The key is whether your mind is open enough, whether your mind is alert enough, and whether you are ready to accept the sunshine. Sighing the wisdom of the sages, Sima Qian would not have stood up again after being exhausted physically and mentally unless he understood the necessity of clearing the dark clouds: Han Fei would not have stood up again after being ridiculed; Beethoven would never sing again after he was deaf; Ji Xianlin will not laugh after living in the "bullpen"; Dalton and Ando won't succeed ... Mo Wei's clouds are pleasing to the eye, and they will reappear after darkness. Ji Bolun's words are always in his ear: "God won't make your sky cloudy forever. Reach out your hand and use wisdom to open that dark cloud. " Don't be afraid of clouds covering your eyes. Open the clouds and your world will be sunny ... [600-word high school composition] Composition: The beneficiaries must
4. Read the following text and complete the following questions: 1.BD. Get 3 points for correct answer. 2. Middle school students can read ordinary classical Chinese and enjoy the inheritance of ancestral spirit.
The reading ability of classical Chinese is the need to inherit the traditional culture of China and enrich the world culture. (Answer: "Not knowing classical Chinese is probably not the luck of the country and society, but it can be pessimistic not only in China culture, but also in the world culture". )
(3) Classical Chinese still has a wide influence in social life, and you can only read daily newspapers, announcements and various documents if you learn it. 3.① Textbook reform: Chinese is divided into compulsory courses and elective courses, and ready-made textbooks are combined with self-made textbooks.
Teach classical Chinese. ② Examination reform: Pay attention to the examination of basic Chinese knowledge.
③ Composition reform: pay attention to the attitude of composition, the style of "truth, novelty and smallness" and the correction of articles. ④ Reading reform: advocate reading more and better books, be inclusive and keep pace with the times.
(Answer 2 to 2, answer 3 to 4, answer 4 to 6. Deduct points as appropriate without specific explanation. )
4.① The two criteria of Mr. Xia's book list, "To be a must-read for an ordinary China person" and "to be a must-read for a modern world person", enlighten us that reading is to lay the foundation for life, and we should study with a developed and global perspective. (2 points) (Pay attention to both inheritance and keeping pace with the times. )
(2) Mr. Xia Mianzun's book list consists of 85 books, covering different disciplines at home and abroad, which inspires us to read more, not only in quantity but also in content. (2 points) (3) This book list almost covers the best cultural heritage and the most advanced cultural achievements in China and even the world.
The coexistence of * * * manifesto and "old and new covenant" in the book list inspires us to choose the best, most advanced and most influential books at home and abroad. (2 points) Combine your own reading practice.
(2 points).
5. Composition of classical Chinese reading method, about 500 words. Elite Chinese teacher answers for you:
First of all, we must have relevant historical knowledge. As the saying goes, literature and history are not separated. Everyone lives in an era, and the politics, economy and culture of this era will certainly have an impact on him. Therefore, only by understanding the era of this person's life can we understand the connotation of his works. For example, Qu Yuan advocated reform and hoped that Chu would be strong, but the king of Chu was "confused by Zheng Xiu at home and bullied by Zhang Yi abroad", alienated Qu Yuan first, and then exiled him to the Miluo River, which made his reform ambition impossible and buried him in the river. Knowing this history, it is much easier for us to understand Li Sao.
Second, have relevant cultural common sense. China's ancient culture is profound and rich in connotation, and many contents are constantly evolving with the development of history. Such as name and title, official position and imperial examination, geographical knowledge, patriarchal manners and customs, clothing and utensils, calendar criminal law, ancient book annotation style, etc., are greatly different from ancient times to modern times. Although students don't need to master all these contents, they should also accumulate what they encounter in their studies as their own knowledge reserves, so that they can call them at any time in classical Chinese learning and exams.
Third, learn to "solve the belly of the ancients with the heart of the present." We live in today's society, and in the face of disasters, we will unite as one. In the face of ugliness, they will attack and lash; We will work together to resist external humiliation. In fact, this kind of thoughts and feelings are in the same strain. In the face of external humiliation, Wen Tianxiang wrote: "Since ancient times, no one has died, keeping the heart of Dan to shine in the history of history." Facing the sufferings of the people, Du Fu wrote: "The wine in Zhumen stinks and the bones on the road freeze to death." Therefore, when we study ancient Chinese, we should be good at comparing and associating the feelings of the ancients with those of today, so as to try to figure out the thoughts of the ancients and accurately understand the essence reflected by classical Chinese.
Fourth, grasp the teaching materials and lay a solid foundation for classical Chinese. When learning classical Chinese, we must master the knowledge points that appear in textbooks: ① Phonetic sounds, including polyphonic characters and different reading characters. ② Meaning, including ancient and modern different meanings, polysemy and flexible use of parts of speech. ③ Sentence patterns in classical Chinese, including special sentence patterns and complex sentences in classical Chinese.
Fifth, to learn a classical Chinese, we should do the following: first, grasp the article as a whole and understand its main contents; Secondly, put the understanding of paragraphs into the overall grasp of the text; Third, in the specific language environment, we can further understand the words in the context; Finally, on the basis of the first three conditions, further understand the deep meaning of the article. In short, if you can do the above in your usual study, you will lay a solid foundation for the college entrance examination.
6. One thing that my teacher and I do is to write classics in classical Chinese. We should make more efforts in this respect or read the contents of classic books and several translations of some classic stories, so as to improve the level of classics. Classical Chinese teaching in China is an important part of Chinese teaching, and classic questions are the highlight of college entrance examination. Students often ask, how to learn classics, so as not to lose its entrance at ordinary times? I think we can pay attention to the following points, learn classics and improve the hit rate of college entrance examination. First of all, we must have relevant historical knowledge. As the saying goes, no matter at home, in literature and history, everyone lives in an era of political, economic and cultural influence that he will feel. Therefore, we can only understand the connotation of this man's works by understanding the era of his life. For example, Qu Yuan hoped that Chu would be strong, but the chaotic reform advocated that the king bullied foreign Zhang Yizhi. First, Qu Yuan was alienated and exiled to the Miluo River. After the reform, it is impossible to achieve river death. Understanding Li Sao makes it easier to understand this history. Secondly, related cultural knowledge. China's ancient culture is profound and rich in content, many of which are related to the ever-changing historical development. Names and positions involving eight aspects, as well as the empire. The custom, dress, calendar and annotation style of criminal ancient books are very different from those in ancient times. These elements do not need to be mastered by students, but they are usually accumulated at any time as their own knowledge base for traditional study and examination. Third, learn "the heart of modern people, the belly of ancient people." We live in today's society, and in the face of disasters, we will unite as one; Ugly face, it will attack and whip; We will resist the shame of external concentricity. In fact, this is the same strain of thoughts and feelings. In the face of foreign humiliation, Wen Tianxiang wrote: "Who has been born since ancient times, according to Shi Shouzhong?" Facing the people's difficulties, Du Fu wrote: "The wine and meat are rich and smelly, and the road has frozen bones." Therefore, when we study classics, we should compare ancient and modern people in their emotional connection, so as to ponder the thoughts of the ancients and reflect China. Grasp the teaching materials and have a solid classical foundation. In the general study of classical Chinese, the textbook knowledge points that we must master appear: ① Phonetics, including polyphonic characters and homophones; (2) Meaning, including different meanings, polysemy and part of speech between the past and the present; (3) Classic sentences, including special sentence patterns and classic complex sentences; Fifth, classical Chinese learning should do the following: first, grasp the article as a whole and understand its main contents; Secondly, grasp the text of the paragraph as a whole; Third, the specific language environment, to further understand the context; Finally, on the basis of the first three conditions, we can further understand the deep meaning of the article. In short, doing the above points in the usual study will lay a solid foundation for the college entrance examination.