Common sense of China literature

1. As long as it is a famous book, it is enough for the eight common sense of Chinese in the Literary Encyclopedia. Help me sort out ~ four questions.

Poetry: Requirements: I can write it word for word; Know how to understand and remember some famous sentences; Will rhyme, knowing the words: three poems by Du Fu (four poems by Wang Yue), four poems by Yuan Yuan (Tao Yuanming) to the frontier fortress (Wang Wei), a friend at Jingmen Ferry (Li Bai) to Yueyang Tower (Chen), a long list of extracurricular ancient poems (youth is strong, doing nothing) (Han Yuefu) pregnant with Han Jiang (Meng Haoran) and looking forward to seeing a friend (Li Bai). (Mei) Huanxisha (Su Shi) 1 1 A representative work of the storm on the 4th of the month (Lu You) A letter from Dongting Lake to Premier Zhang (Meng Haoran) Key points of classical Chinese: Requirements: Pay attention to the explanation of content words, and pay special attention to the phenomenon that words are interchangeable and polysemy; Be able to translate some famous sentences; On the basis of grasping the text as a whole, answer some key questions: two essays by Taohuayuan (Tao Yuanming) (Liu Yuxi), two essays by Ailian (Zhou Dunyi), two thank-you books (Tao Hongjing), and a night tour of Chengtian Temple (Su Shi). Highlights: Requirements: On the basis of grasping the text as a whole, answer some key questions on some key paragraphs; Some knowledge points of narratives, discourses and novels, test center news. Two news points: the people * * * millions of troops crossed the Yangtze River (* * *) (news knowledge points) Luhuadang (Sun Li) (the role of environmental description, the role of character description on characterization) A Chang and Shan Hai Jing (Lu Xun) (writing techniques, the role of character description on characterization and the analysis of character image; The author's emotional attitude) back (Zhu Ziqing) (writing order, the role of character description in characterization, focusing on the analysis of father's movements, language and appearance description; The author's emotional changes reflected by the author's psychological activities) focus on the order, methods and functions of the five discourses; Language features-Chinese Stone Arch Bridge (Mao Yisheng), Suzhou Garden (Ye Shengtao), Palace Museum (Huang Chuanti), Language of Nature (Zhu Kezhen), Wonderful Clone (Tan) Comprehensive Learning 1, When will the world turn swords into plows (famous sayings, aphorisms, idioms and poems about war; Famous battles in ancient and modern times; Your comments and opinions on the war) 2. Fill the world with love (love songs; Oral communication in specific situations mainly depends on language use ability) 3. Endless bridges (idioms, proverbs, two-part allegorical sayings, poems, stories of bridges; Appreciation of famous bridges, etc. ) 4. Go to the debate platform (mainly to test the ability to use the language, such as giving a positive opinion and asking: If you were an opponent, how would you argue) 5. The charm of lotus culture (other names, poems, customs, uses, legends, stories, etc.). ) 6. How to collect information (know the ways and means of collecting information and how to collect information by computer) Introduction to famous books (requirements) 2. Each book must master at least three classic storylines; 3. Grasp and evaluate the character. The main contents and characteristics of this book) Morning flowers, camel Xiangzi, how steel was tempered Unit 1 1-4 Other keywords (translation text of keywords needed to be mastered in classical Chinese (the teacher talked about the methods of examining topics, conceiving, selecting materials and how to write literary language; Preparation of some materials).

2. Common sense of China language and literature

A, China literature, a pre-Qin writer class said that Confucius (famous hill, the word Zhong Ni. )

Confucius in The Analects of Confucius is a famous thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism in the history of China. The Analects of Confucius is a book that records the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples, and it is the first recorded work in the history of China.

Zuo Qiuming (a historian of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period) is also known as the Debate over Dishes and Zuo Zhuan. Chronicle books, historical papers.

Monk (abnormal name, word Yu Zi. Master of Confucianism. )

As I expected, Bao Zhuang met Mencius, and Mencius is a book that records Mencius' thoughts, words and deeds. Mencius' thought is mainly benevolent, valuing the people and despising the monarch.

Zhuangzi, a master of Taoism, advocated political inaction and spiritual freedom. Qu Yuan (Pingming, a native of Chu during the Warring States Period), Shejiang and Lisao are the longest lyric poems in ancient China.

Shejiang is one of the nine chapters. Xunzi (name) "Encouraging Learning" and "Xunzi" are hundred schools of thought's essays.

Liezi (Ming Kou, also known as Yu Kou. ) "Yu Gong Yi Shan" Han Fei (the representative of Legalism. )

Five sacks, Bian Que meets Cai Huangong, Warring States Policy (the author can't verify it. This book is now handed down from Liu Xiang in the Western Han Dynasty. )

Zou Ji satirizes the King of Qi, Jing Ke stabbed the King of Qin, and Warring States Policy are national essays, which record the strategies and remarks of lobbyists during the Warring States Period. Writers in the Han Dynasty wrote that Jia Yi (known as Jia Sheng in the world) was a writer in the Western Han Dynasty. )

On Qin Dynasty, on accumulation and sparseness, Liu An's Huai Nan Zi is also known as Huai Nan Hong Lie, and Sima Qian (word length. ) The Hongmen Banquet and Xinlingjun stole symbols to save Zhao He's historical records, formerly known as Taishi Gongshu, which is the first biographical historical book in China.

Emperor's Biography 12, Family 30, Celebrity Biography 70, Table 10, 8 books, a total of 130. Lu Xun called it "the historian's swan song, Li Sao has no rhyme."

Peacock flies to the southeast is found in Chen's Yutai New Poetry in the Southern Dynasties, entitled "Ancient Poems for Wife". This is the longest narrative poem in ancient times.

A detailed explanation of Cao Cao's essays by writers in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties (word Meng De,). ) "Looking at the Sea" Cao Cao, a famous politician, strategist and writer.

"Three Caos": Cao Cao, Cao Pi and Cao Zhi. Zhuge Liang (word Kong Ming. )

"The model" Gan Bao (Eastern Jin historian. Looking for the gods (writing supernatural stories. )

Chen Shou's representative work: Shi Shuo Xin Yu, written by Liu Yiqing in the Three Kingdoms, is also called Shi Shuo Shu Xin. The Book of the Later Han Dynasty written by Ye Fan is also called "Four History" along with Historical Records, History of Han Dynasty and History of the Three Kingdoms.

Tao Yuanming (Ming Ming, Mr. posthumous title Keisuke) was a poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. ) Drinking in the Garden Liu Xie's Wen Xin Diao Long is the earliest literary theory work in China.

Fourthly, Wang Bo (Zi An) was mentioned in Essays and Homework in the Tang Dynasty. ) He, Yang Jiong, Lu and Luo are also called "four outstanding men in the early Tang Dynasty".

What (word jizhen, since the number "Siming fanatic") "Home" Wang Zhihuan (word Ji Ling. Meng Wei, also known as Wang Meng, is a representative of "pastoral poetry", describing natural scenery and having a fresh and natural poetic style.

Li Bai (word Taibai,no. Qinglian lay. Li Bai is a famous romantic poet.

Li Bai is known as the "Poet Fairy". Du Fu is called "Poet Saint".

Du Fu (beautiful word, calling himself a young wild old man) was a foreign minister of the Ministry of Supervision, and was called Ben Du Gongbu. "The Cottage is Blown by Autumn Wind" Du Fu represents the peak of realistic poetry art and is called "the history of poetry".

He initiated Yuefu poetry and directly promoted the new Yuefu movement headed by Bai Juyi. Gao Shi (word Duff). )

Wang Zhihuan, Wang Changling, Gao Shi and Cen Can are the representatives of Cen Can frontier poets. Their themes mostly reflect the frontier scenery and military life, with solemn and stirring styles and vigorous brushwork. Han Yu (word back, ancestral home Changli, known as Han Changli in history. )

Teacher's Comments: Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan in Tang Dynasty, Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Wang Anshi and Ceng Gong in Song Dynasty. Liu Yuxi (word dream. )

Humble Room Inscription: Originally written on ancient artifacts, it was used to warn oneself or praise merit, and later developed into an independent style with short form and concise words. Bai Juyi (word Lotte,no. Xiangshan layman. )

Articles in Pipa Xing (and preface) are written from time to time, and songs and poems are written from time to time. A letter with Zhu: A masterpiece of literary common sense: Song of Eternal Sorrow.

New Yuefu: Yuefu-style poems writing current events with self-innovative topics. Liu Zongyuan (word thickness.

The world calls it Liu Longzhou. Liu Han: the collective name of Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan, essayists in Tang Dynasty.

Advocates of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty advocated abandoning the flashy prose of the Six Dynasties and creating prose with rich content and free form. Du Mu (word Mu Zhi. )

"Epanggong Fu": a style that pays attention to rhetoric, antithesis and rhyme. But some of them are mainly prose, with a few rhymes.

Li Shangyin (word Yishan. Du Li: First, it refers to Li Bai and Du Fu; The second refers to Li Shangyin and Du Mu (also known as Du Xiaoli).

Fan Zhongyan (word Greek, Zheng Wen, posthumous title) said when he was writing homework in the Song Dynasty. The Story of Yueyang Tower Liu Yong (formerly known as Sanbian, known as "Liu Tuntian" and "Liu Langzhong") The word Yulinling is a kind of poetry, which sprouted in the Southern Dynasties, formed in the Tang Dynasty and flourished in the Song Dynasty.

Also known as Quzi words, long and short sentences, and poems. In 58 words, it is called Xiaoling; 59-90 words are called alto; 9 1 is called long tune.

Ouyang Xiu (word Yongshu,no. Drunken Weng, 6 1 laity). ) Ling lawsuit preface, Ouyang Wenzhong's official documents collection.

Su Xun (word Ming Yun. On Six Kingdoms Su San: Su Xun and his sons Su Shi and Su Zhe are great writers, and their poems have been passed down through the ages, and Emei is so high. )

Zhou Dunyi (Uncle Mao, philosopher. "Ailian Shuo" said: Ancient prose can tell things, or make comments or notes, similar to modern essays or miscellaneous feelings.

Sima Guang (Shi Jun, historian. Battle of Red Cliffs and Zi Tong Zhi Jian are the largest annals of ancient China.

The title of the book means: "in view of the past, rule by Tao", that is, strengthen it with historical gains and losses as a warning.

3. Basic knowledge of China language and literature.

Modern Chinese, Ancient Chinese, Writing, Literature Introduction, China Ancient Literature, China Modern Literature, China Contemporary Literature, Foreign Literature, Middle School Chinese Textbook Teaching Method, Language Literature Introduction, Aesthetics. ancient Chinese

Contemporary Chinese

The teaching content includes six chapters: introduction, language, writing, vocabulary, grammar and rhetoric. The introduction introduces the basic knowledge of language and literature and the basic characteristics of modern Chinese. The other five chapters expound relevant theories with special topics and analyze specific language and literature phenomena in various aspects in combination with practice.

writing

General theory of writing: including basic theories and knowledge such as theme, subject matter, structure, expression and language. Stylistic theory: teaching narrative styles such as news, communication and prose, epistemological styles such as ideological criticism, literary criticism and essays, and writing theories and operational skills of applied styles such as popular science prose and investigation reports.

Modern Literature in China (including Selected Works)

According to the development of modern literature in China and the characteristics of new-democratic revolution in China, it can be divided into three periods. Part I: Literature during the May 4th Movement and the First Revolutionary Civil War (1917-1927); Part II: Literature during the Second Revolutionary Civil War (1927-1937); Part III: Literature in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression Period and People's Liberation War Period (1937- 1949). Firstly, it summarizes the literary history of each period, and then focuses on the main writers and works of each period.

Introduction to literature

This course includes five parts: introduction, literary activities, literary production, literary consumption and acceptance. The introduction discusses the nature of literary theory and the construction of China's contemporary literary theory. The remaining four parts discuss the essence of literature and various aspects of literary phenomena respectively, and reveal the basic characteristics of literature and literary phenomena from different aspects.

Contemporary Literature in China (including Selected Works)

This course takes 1949 China literature since the founding of the People's Republic of China as the main research object, attaches importance to the development and characteristics of literature itself, and plans to make a comprehensive observation of the respective texts of six literary genres: poetry, prose, reportage, novel, drama literature and film and television literature in the historical process of contemporary China for more than 40 years, thus forming an open historical theoretical framework.

The content of ancient Chinese course includes: ancient Chinese pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, rhetoric, punctuation, annotation, translation and common sense of ancient culture. Teaching pre-Qin philosophers' essays, rhymes, Tang and Song poems and other selected works according to the times and styles requires mastering more than 1000 commonly used words, mastering ancient Chinese phonetics and grammar knowledge, and reading ancient Chinese documents.

China Ancient Literature (including Selected Works)

Understand the history and laws of the development of ancient literature in China, master the basic theories and knowledge of ancient literature in China, and select the representative works of major writers in different historical periods.

Foreign literature (including selected works)

This course is divided into two parts: Europe and America and Asia and Africa, with European and American literature as the main content. This part is divided into three parts. The first romantic literature from ancient times to the beginning of the nineteenth century; This novella is a critical realism literature in the middle and late19th century. The second part introduces European and American literature in the first half of the 20th century. This course focuses on modern European literature since the Renaissance and gives more space to critical realism literature with high achievements. While paying attention to introducing the unit knowledge of literary history, it focuses on analyzing important writers and their representative works to cultivate students' ability to understand and analyze literary phenomena and literary works.

Introduction to linguistics

The definition and classification of linguistics, the relationship with other disciplines, the essence, occurrence, development, differentiation, unity and mutual influence of language; The communicative function of language, the relationship with thinking and society, the systematicness and symbolism of language, the methodology, phoneme, semantics and linguistics of language and speech; Phonetics, grammar, word meaning, writing and written language.

aesthetics

1, the philosophical basis of aesthetics; 2. Analysis of aesthetic structure; 3. Aesthetic occurrence; 4. Aesthetic form; 5. Aesthetic appreciation and criticism; 6. Aesthetic education; 7. Analyze the theoretical framework of great significance in the history of aesthetics (the essence of beauty).

Chinese teaching theory

The nature, teaching task, system and research of Chinese teaching theory: the nature, purpose and task of Chinese subject in middle school; the view of teachers and students in Chinese teaching in middle school; the syllabus and teaching materials of Chinese in middle school; Reading teaching; Composition teaching; Listening and speaking teaching; Teach the basic knowledge of Chinese, prepare lessons and prepare lesson plans; Guidance of extracurricular activities for middle school students.

4. Some basic knowledge of Chinese language and literature.

Business development goals:

Business Training Objectives: This major aims to train senior professionals in Chinese language and literature who have theoretical literacy and systematic knowledge of Chinese language and literature, and can engage in literary criticism, Chinese language and literature teaching and research, cultural propaganda and other practical work in news, literature and art publishing departments, universities, scientific research institutions and institutions.

Professional training requirements: Students in this major mainly study the basic knowledge of Chinese and China literature, and receive systematic education and basic training in related theories, development history and research status.

Graduates should have the following knowledge and abilities:

1. Master the basic principles of Marxism and the basic theories of language and literature;

2. Master the basic knowledge of this major and related knowledge of news, history, philosophy, art and other disciplines;

3. Have literary literacy and appreciation ability and strong written expression ability;

4. Understand the principles, policies and regulations of Chinese language, literature and art;

5. Understand the frontier achievements and development prospects of this discipline;

6. Be able to read classic literature, master the basic methods of literature retrieval and data query, and have certain scientific research and practical work ability.

Main course:

Main subject: China language and literature.

Main courses: introduction to linguistics, ancient Chinese, modern Chinese, introduction to literature, history of ancient Chinese literature, history of modern and contemporary literature in China, Marxist literary theory, China classical philology, history of foreign literature, history of Chinese language, history of linguistics, etc.

Main practical teaching links: including teaching practice, thesis writing, etc. -Generally, it takes about 8 weeks.

Study time: four years

Degree awarded: Bachelor of Arts

Similar Major: Chinese Language and Literature Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language China Minority Language and Literature Classical Literature China Language and Culture Applied Linguistics Chinese Education Secretary

5. China language and literature characteristic knowledge tree

It is to express the knowledge structure of a subject in the form of a tree.

The following are some materials of the Chinese knowledge tree for your reference: students feel that the current Chinese class has two characteristics: First, every text, even the simplest text, people can design hundreds of questions around it. Second, every text, even a masterpiece, is absent from class when you attend class. As long as you have a good foundation, your grades are still excellent at the end of the term or in the entrance examination.

In view of the first characteristic, some young teachers try their best to guess the topic, give lectures on the topic, and try their best to shield all kinds of biased problems, so they are overwhelmed and tired of coping. A teacher said that "White-haired Girl" took four classes and found many questions about "White-haired Girl" in the workbook, all of which were told to the students. I feel that I have done my duty, and I feel that "White-haired Girl" is definitely no problem. I didn't expect the final exam to have such a question: "The north wind blows, the snow floats, and the snow floats in the New Year."

What kind of character does this lyric show? The teacher regrets: I have taught four classes. Why didn't I guess this exam? When the students answer their papers in the classroom, Mr China will discuss the answers. Everyone guesses a lot, such as strong personality, optimistic personality, universality and self-confidence ... As a result, when they look at the grading standards, everyone can't guess anything. What is the standard answer? It turned out to be childish.

Everyone is puzzled why it must be naive. In fact, the person who wrote the question saw this lyric and had a naive idea. Whoever is not "naive" will be detained. Faced with the problem of "innocence", anyone who wants to guess has arrived. When they arrive, they will really teach and students will learn.

In view of the second characteristic, students feel that the knowledge structure of other subjects is clear, and the knowledge of each course is linked one by one every day. If I miss two classes, I will feel very anxious and afraid of falling behind.

What about Chinese? An excellent classmate said, "Don't say that I don't attend several classes. Even if I don't attend Chinese classes for a month, my Chinese grades will not be low." Ask him the reason for his excellent Chinese performance. It turns out that his learning method is: you can ask any question, and I have certain rules.

He studies Chinese characters, characters, sentences, English, revision and reasoning seriously, writes carefully and likes reading Chinese and foreign classics. Although he doesn't do exercise books and is not interested in the detailed analysis of the text, he can keep changing and get excellent results in every exam.

This shows that the knowledge of Chinese subject is also regular and has a relatively stable structure. I often think that when we go to a distant and strange place, we usually have to take a map, look at the map all the way, know the direction, set a good goal and choose the best route, so that we can make fewer detours and beat around the bush in a dead end, save time and arrive smoothly.

Students should have such a "map" when learning Chinese. When the car of thinking is driving on the Yuan Ye of knowledge, only with such a "knowledge map" can the goal be clear, and we can take fewer detours and beat around the bush on the issue of "innocence".

The farther you go, the more important the map becomes. From 65438 to 0979, I began to guide students to draw the structure diagram of Chinese knowledge.

I asked the students: "To express the knowledge structure of a subject, there are tower, tree, net and table formats commonly used ... which one should we choose?" The students chose a tree structure. So students also call it "Chinese knowledge tree".

How to draw? I'll ask my classmates to put away six textbooks for junior high school first. I haven't learned the following textbooks yet. What if there are no books? I asked my classmates to borrow it from my graduated relatives, neighbors, brothers and work units. Many students can't draw six textbooks without guidance, but draw the trunk of a Chinese knowledge tree. What is a branch? Some students regard each text as "A Zhi Zi", so the knowledge tree drawn is not like a tree, but like a long feather.

After many discussions with the students, I realized that there are 6 textbooks, 180 lessons and more than 200 articles (including poems). The editor's main intention is not only to make us understand the article, but more importantly, to master the systematic knowledge of Chinese by studying textbooks and improve our listening, speaking, reading and writing abilities.

Liu Shu's knowledge of Chinese system consists of basic knowledge, classical Chinese, literary common sense and reading and writing, which is the first level and a branch of knowledge tree. Further analysis shows that the basic knowledge also includes eight aspects: pronunciation, writing, vocabulary, sentences, grammar, rhetoric, logic and punctuation.

Classical Chinese includes words, content words, function words and sentence patterns. Literary common sense includes four aspects: ancient, modern, contemporary and foreign.

Reading and writing knowledge includes six aspects: center, choice, structure, expression, language and genre. This is the second flash, with 22 aspects.

Further analysis, each aspect includes several knowledge points, such as grammar, including parts of speech, phrases (now called brief comments), simple sentences and complex sentences. This is the third level, with about 130 knowledge points.

For example, this knowledge structure map of China is like a traffic map of China. The first level of knowledge is like a province, the second level is like a city, the third level is like a county, and there are more detailed knowledge cells below the third level, just like towns and villages.

Students first divide textbook knowledge into different levels, and then master the main knowledge points of the first, second and third levels, how to read the overall Chinese textbook, what to learn in total, what to learn first, what to learn later, what to learn from books, and what to know, so as to be aware of. In this way, when students study by themselves, they can drive the car of thinking and run on the Yuan Ye of knowledge, and conquer the goal of Chinese knowledge level by level, so that they will not feel confused and unable to start.

Chinese knowledge tree, students draw differently, some think that they draw 4 parts 19 108 knowledge points, and some draw 5 parts 2 1 item 120 knowledge points. Seventy or eighty students have fifty or sixty opinions. Generally speaking, it is similar, and students will not be guided to argue on small issues. The broad aspects are basically determined as follows. Just like "electricity", it has entered thousands of households, but theorists are still debating how to define "electricity" and the word "art" is widely used, but how to determine the connotation of art, theorists.

6. Common sense of China literature

Embattled: Liu Xiangyu.

Get to the point: Wang Xizhi

Cross the rubicon: Xiang Yu

The last battle: Xiang Yu

Encircling Wei to save Zhao: Sun Bin

Back to Zhao: Lin Xiangru completely.

Apologize: Lian Po

Smell the chicken and dance: Zu Ti

Looking at plum to quench thirst: Cao Cao

The fledgling: Zhuge Liang

Boiled bean jelly: Cao Zhi