Wu, the significance of "people expand Xinjiang on a large scale": everything, "water gathers" Shigu said: "Because there is Tianchi Ozawa, it is called the capital." (Hanshu Geography Wudu). Qin extended its territory by force, breaking the white horse to Tianchi osawa, so it was called Wudu.
Wudu is named after Qin people's political implication, landscape and social development, which generally refers to a densely populated place with concentrated politics, economy and culture. According to the fossil research report of "Wudu forest ape" discovered by Longgou paleontologists, it is proved that as early as100000 years ago, the Bailong River and Beiyuhe River basins in Wudu were important areas where apes lived. Moreover, there are criss-crossing valleys, abundant rainfall and lush trees, so animals such as three-toed horses, brown cattle, rhinoceros with big lips, ancestor deer, saber-toothed elephants and saber-toothed tigers still thrive.
According to the general survey and textual research of cultural relics, it is found that there are extremely rich ancient cultural relics and relics buried on the loess plateau along the Bailong River and its tributaries, such as Beiyu River, Gouba River and Fujin River. There are Yangshao culture 7000 years ago, Majiayao culture 5000 years ago, Qijia culture 4000 years ago, and Siwa culture of Baima Yi people in Wudu in Shang and Zhou Dynasties.
At the latest in the middle and late Neolithic Age, Wudu had the footprint of the Chinese nation. They first lived in the Beiyu River basin, and then propagated to Bailong River and its tributaries, namely Gouba River and Fujin River, thus creating splendid ancient culture in Wudu. Names and time and cultural discovery addresses of some cultural sites in Wudu District Daliping site 5000-3000 BC Yangshao culture, Majiayao culture, Renjiaping site in Majie town, Yangshao culture in the north around 3900 BC, Renjiaping site on the west side of Fengjiaya in Berlin town in Miaodigou culture and Yangshao culture in the south BC 1300- 1000 BC, Siwa Culture The Majiayao Culture in Majie Town, Nandongping Site, Li Jiacun, located on the lower floor of Miaoerping Site in Anping, west of Feng, was around 3000 BC-/kloc-0.000 years ago, and Majiayao culture and Siwa culture were both in the pre-Qin period in Houcun, Northeast China. In Xia and Shang Dynasties, the military capital was Yugong.
During the Western Zhou Dynasty, the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the Wudu was Liangzhou, where Qiang and Di nationalities lived together.
Before the Qin Dynasty, Wudu was already a county-level organizational system. Qin in Qin and Han Dynasties: Wudu belonged to Baimadi people. Qin Shihuang set up Wudu Road, which belongs to Longxi County.
Western Han Dynasty: In the sixth year of Ding Yuan (1 1 1), after the Han Dynasty destroyed South Guangdong, it sent troops to attack Southwest Yi. According to "The Biography of Hanshu Southwest", "After the destruction of Nanyue, Han Zhulan and Qiong Jun killed Hou, which was shocking. I asked my officials to set up officials. Du Qiong is a county in Guangdong, both of which are divine power counties, Ran Yan is a county in Wenshan, and Guanghan Xibaima is a county in Wudu. At the beginning of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Wudu County governed Wudu (Luo Yu, Xihe County), Shangqing (Chengxian County West), Jiulu (Baoji South), Hechi (Huixian County Northwest), Pingle Road (Pingluo, Kangxian County), Ju (Mianxian County Northwest), Jialing Road (Lueyang County North) and Sung Hoon Road (Chengxian County Southeast), and now Wudu District belongs to Wudu. In the second year of Pingdiyuan (2 years), there were 13 secretariat departments in China, and Wudu County belonged to Yizhou secretariat department.
New Dynasty: After Wang Mang usurped the throne, the New Dynasty changed Wudu County to Pingle County (the county was moved to Pingluo and Kangjun, and then to Hechi), and Wudu County was changed to Luxun County (the county was still in Xihe and).
Eastern Han Dynasty: In the first year of Jianwu (25th year), Emperor Guangwu restored Wudu County, and the county moved to Bian Xia (now west of Chengxian County), and then transferred to Bian Xia, Wudu Road, Shangjia, Jiudao, Hechi, Judao and Qiangdao counties. In the seventh year of Jianwu (3 1), Wudu County moved from Bian Xia to Niqinggu (now Chengxian County), a tributary of Jialing River. Now most of Wudu Road and Qiang Road belong to Wudu District. From the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Three Kingdoms, the county name has not changed, and Wudu County is under the jurisdiction of Liangzhou Secretariat. During the Three Kingdoms period, Wudu was a separatist region of Shu and Wei. In the seventh year of Jian 'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty (202), Wudu County belonged to Shu Han, and was later divided into Wudu County and Yin Ping County. In the first year of Huang Chu, Wei Wendi (220), Wudu County was unified by Qin Zhou. In 229, in the seventh year of Jian Xing in Shu Han Dynasty, Zhuge Liang sent Jiang Wei, Chen Shi to take Wudu and Yin Ping counties, which belonged to Wudu County in Yizhou of Shu Han Dynasty, and were placed in Bian Xia, Wudu, Lao Dao, Hechi, Judao and Qiangdao counties, and the county governance was restored to Bian Xia. In October, 65438+263, Wei general Deng Ai led his troops south. Through Wudu, we walked out of the environment of fair competition and trapped Chengdu with raiders, which led to the collapse of the Shuhan regime. Western Jin and Jin Dynasties: Following the Han system, Wudu County belongs to Hechi, Ju, Wudu and Old Road. Discrimination under county rule.
Eastern Jin Dynasty: In the first year of Jianwu (3 17), the clan leader was left. Meijia was promoted to the king of Wudu, and all counties were abolished, so it was called Wudu Kingdom. In the first year of Yongchang (322), Yang was defeated, and Yizhou was sent to keep it. In the third year of Taining (325 years), Yang was able to get revenge. In the first year of Xian 'an in Jian Wendi (37 1), Fu Jian, the former Qin Dynasty, conquered Qiu Chi in Qin Zhou and was sent to Bian Xia, Judu, Wudu and Qushui counties. In the second year of Taiyuan (377), the fifth grandson, the enemy of Yang, took it for himself. In the fourth year of Andi (408), Yang called Fan, still belonging to Wudu County and still leading the county. Northern Wei Dynasty in the Southern and Northern Dynasties: In the fourth year of Wu Tai Taiping Zhenjun (443), Yang Wende established Wudu Kingdom in Lu Jian (now Wudu Waina Town) with the support of Sima Hongda, a former town in Qiu Chi, and Ren Sheng, a western expedition. It was destroyed by the Northern Wei Dynasty in 477, which lasted for 2 generations, 4 masters and 34 years. In the ninth year of Taiping Town Army Wu Tai (448), Wudu County was moved from Bian Xia to Shimen (now Shimen Township). Wei Xiaowen changed Wudu County to Wudu Town in the 21st year of Taihe (487). Move the town from Shimen to Xianling Mountain (now Old City Mountain) and worship the mountain to build a tucheng. From the south bell tower beach gate, 72 steps were built on Xianling Mountain, and Wudu (later state name) was built at the beginning. There are four counties under the jurisdiction of the town: Shimen (now Shimen), Baishui (now Qinjiahe in Ba Long Township), Dongping (now Jiaogong Town) and Kong Di (now Yulong Town). At the same time transferred to Wuji County (now orange township Daianji). It leads to the north (near Jianshan in Wenxian County), Nanwu (between Duyao Town in Sichuan and Zhangquan Courtyard in Fengxiang Township) and Chiwan (now Caochuan in Ping Huang Township).
Western Wei Dynasty: In the first year of Wei Wendi's reunification (535), Wudu Town was changed to Wuzhou. In the 12th year of Datong (546), Wuzhou was changed to South Qin Zhou, which governed Anyu (Shimen County) and Dongping County. At the same time, there are three counties: Baishui, Kong Di and Wanjun. Baishui County leads Honghua (now Zengjia Street in anhua town) and Suihua (now Qinjiahe in Ba Long), Kong Di County leads Kong Di County, and Wanjun leads Chiwan and Jienan counties.
Northern Zhou Dynasty: Baishui County, Wanjun County and Kong Di County worshipped Wuzhou and later transferred to Wudu County. Suihua changed to Wei, Honghua and Hejian Wei, Anyu changed to Yizhou, Chiwan merged with Tianjin. The north and the south worship Pandy. Sui Dynasty: In the first year of Emperor Wendi (58 1), the county system was abolished. In the third year of Yang Di's great cause (607), Wudu County was restored and Huihui Mountain (now the old city) was ruled by the county. Leading Li Jiang, Jianwei (now Qinjiahe, Ba Long), Fujin (now Daianji, Orange County) and Pandi (now between Liting Village and Linjiang Township, Waina Town, Wenxian County).
Tang Dynasty: In the first year of Emperor Gaozu's Wude (6 18), Wudu County was changed to Wuzhou, which governed Li Jiang (now near Hanwang Town), belonging to Longyou Road, and governed Li Jiang, Jianwei, Pandi and Fujin counties. In the first year of Zhenguan of Emperor Taizong (627), Li Jiang and Wuzhou were built, and Li Jiang, Pandi and Fujin counties were led. In the first year of Tianbao of Xuanzong (742), Wuzhou was renamed Wudu County. In the first year of Gan Yuan, Tang Suzong (758), Wudu County was changed to Wuzhou. Guangde two years, Tang Daizong was occupied by Tubo. Tang Yizong and Xian Tong recovered in eight years (867). In the first year of Jingfu in Tang Zhaozong (892), Wudu was renamed Jizhou, which governed the Old City Mountain and changed Fujin County to Fujin County. Although Houzhou moved, Gao Lan Town (now Dananyu, Kang County) and Fujin Town (now Hanwang Town) were established, but in the second year of the Republic of China (19 13), the name of Xiezhou was still used. At the end of the Tang Dynasty (about 908), this was the land of Qi Wang Li.
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms: In about 943, Jizhou was ruled by the late Jin Dynasty. About 959, it belongs to the later Zhou Dynasty, and it is still called the order state. In about 924 and 954, Jizhou was under the jurisdiction of Qianshu and Houshu respectively. In the first year of Changxing (930), Jizhou moved to Fujin (now the orange town of Daianji). During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the Northern Song Dynasty: the system of inheriting the Tang Dynasty, governing Fujin by prefectures, was subordinate to Qingfeng Road, Shaanxi Province, and was assigned to Fujin and Li Jiang counties (now Kangxian), and governed Wudu, Kangxian and Zhouqu. After the restoration of the county, he moved to Xianling Mountain (now Old City Mountain). In the third year of Song Zhenzong Dazhong Xiangfu (10 10), the Beiyu River flooded three times a day, flooding the Zhonglou Beach at the south gate of Jizhou City. In order to protect the city, Li Zhu, the governor of the state, ordered migrant workers to dig hundreds of steps in the east of the city, reaching Longgang (now Old City Mountain) and changing the southwest flow direction of Beiyu River to the southeast flow direction (about flowing out from this north city wall and entering Bailong River from Jiaochang Dam).
Southern Song Dynasty: Jizhou belongs to Lizhou West Road, which is divided into Fujin and Li Jiang counties. Song Lizong Duanping for three years (1236), Jizhou was occupied by Mongols, and the county government was destroyed by war.
Yuan Dynasty: Fujin and Li Jiang counties were abandoned. About 1260, Jizhou is the president of Shaanxi Changgong. In the seventh year of Yuan Dynasty (1270), Zhou moved to Liu Shu (now Jiaogong Town, Liu Shu). At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the country ruled and moved back to Longgang. Ming Dynasty in the Ming and Qing Dynasties: In the first year of Hongwu in Ming Taizu (1368), he restored the state capital and moved to Jiuchengshan, belonging to Gong Changfu, chief secretary of Shaanxi Province.
In the fourth year of Hongwu (137 1), Jizhou was changed to Jixian County, and the county magistrate ordered Lu to build a brick city east of Wanshou Mountain, which was the embryonic form of Wudu Old Town. Hongwu ten years (1377) in June, restored to the state.
In the first year of Qin Long in the Ming Dynasty (1567), Kitty Tse, the magistrate, changed the southeast flow direction of Beiyu River to southwest flow direction (that is, the water returned to the ancient road), and expanded Tucheng (that is, the old Wudu capital) outside the brick city.
Qing Dynasty: Jizhou belonged to Gansu. In the seventh year of Yongzheng (1729), Jizhou was promoted to Zhili, which was in Gansu and became the second county. In the first year of the Republic of China (19 12), the state system was abolished and the state was changed to Wudu County. It belongs to Weichuan (Longnan) Road.
In the second year of the Republic of China (19 13), Zhili Prefecture was changed to Wudu County, and Xigu County was separated.
In the 16th year of the Republic of China (1927), Wudu County belonged to Gansu Province.
In February of the Republic of China 18 (1929), Baimaguan Police District was set aside from Wudu County, and Yongkang County was set up separately. In April of the same year, it was changed to Kangxian County.
In the 24th year of the Republic of China (1935), the government of the Republic of China divided the whole province into seven administrative supervision areas, and Wudu County was the fourth administrative supervision area (Tianshui supervision area).
In the 27th year of the Republic of China (1938), it was changed to Min County.
In the 31st year of the Republic of China (1942), the Eighth Administrative Supervision District of Gansu Province was established, and the Commissioner's Office was located in Wudu, and Wudu County was also changed to Wudu District.
In the 38th year of the Republic of China (1949),165438+125 October, the Kuomintang Guangzhou Executive Yuan called and appointed Wang Zhiqi, the commander stationed in Wudu, as the chairman of Gansu provincial government. At the entrance of Wudu Normal School (now Jiuchengshan Middle School), the brand of Gansu Provincial Government of Kuomintang hangs. Until the liberation of Wudu, Wudu actually became the last provincial capital of Gansu Province during the Kuomintang period. During the new China period,1949,65438+February 9, Wudu was liberated, and Wudu County was under the jurisdiction of Wudu District (the districts and counties were under the jurisdiction of Chengguan Town).
1February, 958, Wudu County was merged with Wudu District into Tianshui District. April 1 1, cancel Wudu area.
196 1 year 1 1 month, Wudu area resumed, and the resident is still in Chengguan Town, Wudu.
On July 7th, 1968, the Revolutionary Committee of Wudu District and Wudu County held its inaugural meeting in Lianhu Square, Wudu.
1 9691June1,Wudu District Revolutionary Committee was renamed Wudu District Revolutionary Committee.
1979 1, Wudu district administrative office was established.
1980 12. Revoke Wudu County Revolutionary Committee and establish Wudu County People's Government.
1May, 98514th, the State Council approved Wudu area to be renamed Longnan area (actually still in Chengguan Town of Wudu).
June, 5438+October, 2004 10, the State Council approved the revocation of Longnan area and Wudu County, and established Longnan City (prefecture-level city) and Wudu District (county-level district) in Gansu Province. The resident of the city and district government is still Wudu Chengguan Town. In 443 AD, Yang Wende established Wudu regime in Lu Jian (now Wudu Waina Town) with the support of Sima Hongda and Xi Rensheng in the East Town of the former Kingdom of Qiu Chi. In 477 AD, it was destroyed by the Northern Wei Dynasty, and it lasted for 34 years after two generations and four masters.
The territory of Wudu Prefecture is the southeast of Qiu Chi, east of Lueyang, Shaanxi, west of Deng Zhi (now Jiuzhaigou County, Sichuan Province), south of Pingwu (now Pingwu County, Sichuan Province) and north of Dangchang. The establishment of Wudu Kingdom, on the one hand, depends on the support of the Miao people to the Yang family, on the other hand, it also depends on the support of the political power.
In 447 AD, Yang Wende recruited Diqiang population and was captured by the Northern Wei Dynasty.
In 448 AD, Wei led an army to capture the northern part of Wudu, and moved Wudu County from (now Chenghua County) to Jiucheng Mountain in Wudu Chengguan. Yang Wende was exiled to Hanzhong, Liu Song, and Liu Song sent troops to help Wende counterattack and rebuild Wudu.
In 477 AD, Yang, the ruler of Wudu, sent his brother Yang to attack, and Pi Huanxi and others fought back and abandoned the city. Wei Jun attacked Jia Lu, killed Yang, and the martial capital was destroyed. Historically, Wudu has had many population migrations. About 6,000 years ago, due to the sharp trend of dry and cold climate, some people in Gan Qing began to move southward to the Tibetan-Yi Corridor. All the way from the upper reaches of Taohe River in Gannan to the south, along the Bailong River basin to the south, passing through Min County and Wudu in Gansu Province, and entering the upper reaches of Minjiang River from the west side of Minshan Mountain.
From the Han Dynasty to the Three Kingdoms, the Miao people experienced three great migrations.
The first time was in the third year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (before 108), the officers and men suppressed the resistance of the Miao people and moved some of them to Jiuquan, a branch of the Fu family in Jiuquan.
The second time, in the 24th year of Jian 'an of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty (2 19), Cao Cao was tired of attacking Wudu, moved more than 50,000 yuan out of Fufeng and Tianshui, and plundered food and population in the border areas several times. Wei also forced Wudubian, Han and other ethnic groups to move to Jingzhao, Yi, Yong, Tianshui, Nan 'an and Guangwei counties. During the battle between Shu and Han, some Miao people migrated to Shu and Han. By the Wei and Jin Dynasties, except Wudu and Yin Ping counties, Miao people in some counties of Guanzhong and Longyou had formed communities mixed with Han and other nationalities. Among them, the most famous ones, such as Tuipu and Lushi in Luoyang, Jin, all migrated from Wudu.
For the third time, according to the Records of Zhili Prefecture in Jizhou, in the 14th year of Jianxing (236), more than 400 households of Wang Fujian Qiang people moved to Guangdu (now south of Chengdu). (Another way of saying it: Jiang Wei plans to "immigrate to Shu", "In the 14th year of Jianxing, he plans to immigrate to Guangdu, the capital of Wudu, with more than 400 households including Wang Fujian and border residents, but Fu Jian and his brother split, and Emperor Fu Jian led 400 households to Wei, while ... Wei settled inland").
Before the Yuan Dynasty, the main ethnic groups in Bailong River and the Western Han River Basin were Di, Qiang, Tibetan and other ethnic minorities. Although the Han nationality has gradually entered the Bailong River basin, the number is small.
Since the Ming Dynasty, in order to consolidate the frontier and educate "aliens", the government began to migrate Han people to the Bailong River basin on a large scale. Coupled with the military and civilian camps in Ming and Qing Dynasties and two refugee flows, the Han nationality gradually became the main resident of Bailong River Basin.
The first refugee climax was during the decades of war in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, when Sichuan and Sichuan immigrants poured into the Bailong River basin.
The second time appeared in Tongzhi period of Qing Dynasty, Shaanxi immigrants poured into Bailong River basin. Due to the deep mountain valleys and dense forests in Bailong River Valley, there are few harsh policies and soldiers, attracting a large number of refugees. A large number of historical records in Bailong River Basin show that a large number of people from Shaanxi and Shanxi entered this area. The residents of Wudu and its neighboring counties mainly come from Sichuan, Hubei, Shaanxi and Shanxi.