( 1792~ 184 1)

Thinkers and historians in the late Qing Dynasty. Gong Zuo, a native of Zise. Zhejiang Renhe (now Hangzhou) people.

Twenty-seven years old is a juren. In the first year of Daoguang (182 1), he worked as a proofreader in the National History Museum. It took nine years to become a scholar. This official is in charge of the etiquette department. In nineteen years, he abandoned his official position and returned to the south. 2 1 year, died suddenly in Yunyang College, Jiangsu. Gong Zizhen first inherited the origin of family studies, starting with writing and exegesis, and then gradually dabbled in epigraphy and bibliography, covering poetry, geography and classics. Deeply influenced by the "Spring and Autumn Branches" that rose at that time. Facing the deepening social crisis during Jia Dao's reign, he gave up textual research and exegetics, focused on world affairs and devoted his life to reform. In his youth, he wrote On Liang Ming and On the occasion of B and C, which exposed and criticized the accumulated disadvantages of feudal autocracy. His thought was the first sound for Kang Youwei and others to advocate Gongyangxue and reform Gongyangxue system. After middle age, although he turned to study Buddhism, his ambition of "saving the world" was not depressed. He supported Lin Zexu to ban opium and suggested that Lin Zexu strengthen military facilities and be prepared to fight against British invaders. Gong Zizhen's lifelong pursuit of "multi-laws" was not realized until his death, but it had a beneficial impact in many aspects. On the social view, he pointed out that the root of social instability lies in the disparity between the rich and the poor, and called for the reform of the imperial examination system to attract "knowledgeable and practical" talents. Philosophically, this paper expounds the viewpoint of Tiantai Sect of Buddhism, and puts forward the viewpoint that human nature is "without good and evil" and "both good and evil rise". In historiography, he called for "respecting history" and devoted himself to the discussion of history and geography in northwest China. In literature, he put forward the theory of "respecting feelings" and advocated the unity of poetry and people. His life was rich in poetry and prose, and later generations compiled The Complete Works of Gong Zizhen.

In Gong Zizhen's time, the "literary inquisition" in the Qing Dynasty was still very powerful. Scholars are often accused, and unjust cases that they are often killed because of their words happen from time to time. Gong Zizhen is the grandson of Duan Yucai, a famous ancient philologist. According to the general situation, Gong Zizhen only needs to follow the path of his grandfather's guidance step by step in the academic field, and success means success.

I can wait for this day. But he didn't do it. Due to the influence of the social crisis at that time, the uprisings of the oppressed people of all ethnic groups broke out one after another, constantly shaking the rule of the Qing Dynasty. Sensitive Gong Zizhen really felt the intense pulse of the times, and he couldn't continue to take the old road of textual research. It is not because he is afraid of involving political issues, just like many scholars at that time, he blindly drilled into the pile of old papers to engage in that ancient and difficult knowledge. His knowledge covers a deeper and wider range. Although he didn't live up to his grandfather's earnest hope, he didn't break away from the reality of society.

He bravely and resolutely went his own way, and eventually became a pioneer of China's reform thought in modern times and a patriotic poet who led the literary world in the Qing Dynasty. His famous poem "I urge God to rejuvenate and drop talents without sticking to one pattern", which is full of patriotic pride, has been read by people so far.

He has several like-minded friends, namely, Lin Zexu and Wei Yuan, Zhang Jiliang, who is also a poet, and Huang Jue Zi and his friends who are just and upright. They are all strong-willed and knowledgeable people. Gong Zizhen kept close contact with them and forged a profound friendship. It is said that ten years before the Opium War, they once set up Xuannan Poetry Society in Beijing to encourage each other to learn from each other and exchange academic knowledge. Poets are powerful people who strongly advocate banning opium imports and oppose British aggression. These people are more patriotic on the issue of banning smoking and resisting Britain.

Gong Zizhen knew the harm of opium to the people, so she shouted: "The man-eating monster should be eliminated!" "He fully supports Lin Zexu's anti-smoking campaign. At the end of 1838, Lin Zexu was ordered to ban smoking in Guangdong, and Gong Zizhen was extremely happy to hear the news. He began to write "Preface to an Imperial Envoy Hou Guanlin", offering advice and suggestions for Lin Zexu's smoking ban. He hoped that he would "follow his leadership with heavy troops" and asked him to bring more skilled craftsmen to "renovate military equipment". At the same time, Gong Zizhen also expressed his willingness to go south to Guangdong with him to contribute to the smoking ban. However, due to the complicated internal struggle in the imperial court, Lin Zexu himself had a secret, so he had to politely decline Gong Zizhen's request to go south. Gong Zizhen's eagerness to participate in the anti-aggression struggle was more vivid and profound in his later poems in memory of Lin Zexu:

Be a man, worship the general, and the south China stands upright.

I've had a curse for 300 years, and wax pills are hard to send.

1839 (19th year of Qing Daoguang), 48-year-old Gong Zizhen offended many dignitaries because of her outspoken attitude, and was suppressed and hit. It is becoming more and more difficult for him to get along with court dignitaries. So he resigned from public office and returned to his hometown in the south on the grounds that his parents were old and needed to be served sooner or later. It was May this year. /kloc-in October, he went north and wanted to take it home as soon as possible. On the way back and forth between the north and the south, especially when he returned to his single home in May, he stopped and looked around. As soon as something happened, his creation gained a lot. He wrote 3 15 poems by himself, all of which were quatrains in seven words. He compiled these poems into Yi Hai Miscellaneous Poems because they were written in Yi Hai. This collection of poems records what you saw and heard during your 9,000-mile journey, as well as your memories of the past. The deep feelings and worries he expressed reflected the social outlook of the Qing Dynasty, which was about to perish in the last days of China feudal society. It is said that the poet hasn't got home yet on his way home from the south, and some poems he wrote on his way home have already spread to his hometown first. Therefore, the saying that "poetry comes first" is passed down as a beautiful talk.

After Gong Zizhen returned to the south, she moved to Kunshan, Jiangsu. He gave short lectures in universities in Danyang and Hangzhou. Even under such circumstances, he is not depressed. His fighting spirit and fighting spirit in erin brockovich have not diminished. He continued to write poems about fighting with the pen in his hand. And when others think that he is frustrated in officialdom, he may never recover and become a fallen petal, but he unexpectedly sings:

The vast sadness of parting extends to the setting sun, away from Beijing, riding a whip to the east, feeling that people are on earth.

Falling red is not heartless, but turning into spring mud protects flowers more.

Although it is inevitable to leave Beijing for the south at sunset, the poet did not shed tears, but showed his noble heart with more beautiful and moving poems: "Falling red is not a heartless thing, but turning into spring mud protects flowers more." The poet used this metaphor to describe that although he resigned from his post, he was still willing to do his last effort for the country and society. How determined he is to fight for his ideal to the end!