Obviously, this sentence is used on Cixi. Who is Cixi? What kind of wisdom made her grow from an ordinary show girl in the harem of the Qing Dynasty to a Lafayette who was in charge of the national luck of the Qing Dynasty.
Throughout Cixi's life, as a woman in a patriarchal society and feudal society, she was able to stand out from the patriarchal hierarchy in an iron bucket and ruled the Qing Dynasty for 47 years. Cixi does have a very prominent place.
What are the advantages of Cixi in history?
One of the outstanding points of Cixi is that she is good at wooing people, using it for herself and grasping the opportunity.
In the second year of Xianfeng (1852), on the ninth day of May, Ye He Na La (Cixi) entered the palace and lived with Emperor Xianfeng in Yuanmingyuan.
After entering the palace, Cixi actively wooed An Dehai, the intimate eunuch around the emperor. She learned that Emperor Xianfeng liked orchids, so she arranged a lot of orchids in her bedroom to make her bedroom full of orchids.
She learned about Emperor Xianfeng's movements through An Dehai, and finally succeeded in attracting the emperor to her side and being loved. Emperor Xianfeng liked Yehenala very much, and gave her a gift? Blue noble? .
In the fourth year of Xianfeng, Ye Lashi was promoted to the imperial concubine, and in the sixth year of Xianfeng, Ye Lashi gave birth to the only emperor of Xianfeng, the later Tongzhi emperor, and Ye Lashi was also promoted to Yifei. In the second year of Xianfeng, Ye was made an imperial concubine in the seventh year.
Ye He Na La's process from an ordinary harem scholar to Emperor Xianfeng's favorite concubine fully shows the wisdom of Cixi.
At this time, it was the second Opium War, with the invasion of British and French allied forces outside and the peasant uprising of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom inside. Emperor Xianfeng, who suffered from internal troubles and foreign invasion, was haggard, while Ye He Na's Lashi was as clever as ice and snow. He often put forward his own suggestions when deliberating the throne, which won the trust of Emperor Xianfeng and Ye Lashi, and gradually entered the power center of the Qing Dynasty.
Empress Dowager Cixi is good at weakness and disguise.
The Qing palace had strict restrictions on women's participation in politics. As a woman, Cixi had many difficulties in breaking the so-called ancestral law in the Qing Dynasty.
When Emperor Xianfeng died, he specially left eight ministers to assist him, just to prevent the power of the Qing Dynasty from falling into other people's hands. Ye He Na's family and Aisin Gioro's family are enemies in history. Emperor Xianfeng's arrangement for the afterlife has factors that limit Cixi's power.
When Emperor Xianfeng was alive, Cixi was very good at camouflage. In front of Xianfeng, she was polite, gentle and kind, and later in front of Empress Ci 'an. After the death of Emperor Xianfeng, the power of the Qing Dynasty was controlled by eight ministers, and the emperor and the post-party factions tended to shelve it.
Cixi assumed the appearance of being an orphan, widowed, weak and helpless, and won the sympathy and recognition of many courtiers and royalty.
What Cixi surpassed was that she gave birth to a son, the later Tongzhi Emperor.
Even so, the queen is Niu Kelu's, that is, the Empress Dowager Cixi as the folk say.
The largest in the ancient East, Cixi was the Empress Dowager Cixi, whose status and position were lower than that of Empress Dowager Cixi.
In the process of reaching the peak of power, Cixi was good at disguise and scheming, which helped Cixi a lot.
Cixi received the support of Ci 'an.
Later, Cixi joined hands with careless Qian Lu and useless Prince Gong Yixin to eradicate eight ministers who cared about their lives. This time, Cixi showed superb political skills.
Cixi's outstanding three points: she is good at balancing contradictions among all parties and using contradictions among all parties to balance the strength of all parties.
After the death of Emperor Xianfeng, in 186 1 year, Ye Henala and Niu Zhilu lived side by side, known as Empress Dowager Cixi in history, but at this time, the power of the Qing Dynasty was actually in the hands of Su Shun, the eighth minister of Tongzhi Emperor Gu Ming.
Xianfeng gave it to Cian before he died? Royal reward? Seal, awarded to Zai Chun (Tongzhi emperor, son of Cixi)? Same family? Sealed,
Gu Ming's Eight Ministers and Prince Gong Yixin have contradictions.
Cixi skillfully used the contradiction between the eight ministers and Yixin, the emperor's party, to persuade Empress Dowager Xiaozhen Cian to use it to launch? Have a coup in mind? Get rid of the eight ministers who hindered him, and then step into the peak of power.
Four years later, in 1865, Cixi took the opportunity (Yi Shu, Shen Jia) to eradicate the peak login of supporting herself. At that time, Wang Yixin was already discussing the politics of the Qing Dynasty.
Although it was used by Cixi many times in the later period, Yixin at that time had completely become a loyal follower of Cixi, rather than a royal relative who threatened Cixi's power.
Good at balance, in the process of power struggle of Cixi's life, this trace can be seen almost everywhere.
Manchu before Cixi was very wary of Han Chinese officials. After Cixi was in charge of the Qing Dynasty, she found and appointed Han officials, and used the Han clique to balance the relationship between princes and nobles in the Qing Dynasty. She used the Boxer and foreigners, suddenly, suddenly. Throughout her life, we can see that Cixi is using and balancing all forces.
Two years before Cixi's death, that is, 1906, in order to balance the rising domestic reform sentiment, Cixi actually announced that she was preparing for constitutionalism. This time she announced it on her own initiative.
1908, when Cixi died, she shocked the world by promulgating the Outline of the King James Constitution and decided to follow the example of the German and Japanese royal families and realize constitutionalism.
This is actually the balance between civil rights and monarchical power that Cixi saved the stormy Qing Dynasty. But all this vanished with the death of Cixi.
But in the process of constitutionalism, the influence of civil rights has been planted in people's hearts.
Thousands of years later, the feudal dynasty went to the Republic. In the final analysis, there are also some reasons for Cixi.
Cixi's four outstanding points: breaking the rules, using people flexibly and not sticking to one pattern.
Cixi experienced five wars in her life. When she accompanied Emperor Xianfeng in Jehol Palace, it coincided with the attack of British and French allied forces. Cixi is one of the main figures who resolutely fight the main battlefield.
The Manchu dynasty was a closed dynasty, and the prevention of Han people was comparable to that of domestic thieves. Not only that, the tonsure, easy clothes and literary inquisition in the Qing Dynasty all showed the strength and barbarity in the bones of this dynasty.
Cixi seems to have gone another way since she eradicated eight Manchu ministers. She began to reuse Han Chinese officials. The Han officials she discovered and reused were Zeng Guofan, Zuo, Li Hongzhang and Yuan Shikai. Cixi also tried to exclude the conservative Manchu nobles, reuse the Westernization School, and develop modern industry and commerce and education.
The Westernization Movement was vigorously launched with the support of the criticized Cixi. During the Westernization Movement, there was a temporary development period in Qing Dynasty, which was called Tongzhi Zhongxing.
Cixi initially supported the Reform Movement of 1898 advocated by Emperor Guangxu. After writing on the bus, Cixi also acquiesced in and supported Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao, two dying reformers who were hated by the old powerful people in the Qing Dynasty.
But Cixi has a bottom line for the reform and reform. Is that what she said? The law of ancestors? Irrevocable, that is, the rights of the Qing royal family cannot be changed. According to the present statement, it is impossible to change the dynasty, which is the bottom line of Cixi. As for other aspects, the economy, science, education and even the army can be reformed.
Kang Youwei's reformists, on the other hand, modeled on the practice of opening a meeting hall in the previous dynasty, proposed to set up an organization similar to the nature of parliamentarians, and invited foreigners to participate. All policy decisions of the political reform could not be implemented until they were discussed.
This is a replica of the western parliament. For Cixi, it is tantamount to putting her and the Qing Dynasty behind her on the shelf. This was absolutely unacceptable to Cixi at that time.
When Kang Youwei made this suggestion, Cixi didn't answer, and her face was very different.
Emperor Guangxu and Kang Youwei felt dangerous about Cixi's attitude. Tan Sitong, Kang Youwei and others conspired to overthrow Cixi, so that the political reform could continue.
They chose Yuan Shikai, commander-in-chief of the new army Han army, as their own armed force, and planned to surround the Summer Palace and force Cixi to hand over power.
The result was given to Cixi by Yuan Shikai, who was good at speculation. Cixi was furious when she heard the news, and took drastic measures to kill Tan Sitong, the six gentlemen of the Reform Movement of 1898, and put Emperor Guangxu under house arrest. Kang Youwei escaped from Liang Qichao. 1898 The main figures of the reform movement collapsed.
In a sense, Cixi's painful hand is also a necessity to protect herself. If Emperor Guangxu and Kang Liang move step by step, they may not win the support of Cixi.
Cixi, an elderly woman, is also a trendy figure. She takes photos, listens to the phonograph and takes the train, which is very leading the trend of technology and fashion.
Empress dowager cixi's outstanding point lies in sizing up the situation and choosing the right opportunity to be fickle.
The Qing dynasty, which entered the18th century, has gradually begun to connect with the modern countries in the world, which was unimaginable to the emperors of the Qing dynasty. There are powerful forces of the great powers and internal factors of the Qing government.
After several wars failed, the Qing government headed by Cixi began to reflect. It was during this period that the Westernization Movement began and the Beiyang Navy was established.
After the failure of the Sino-Japanese War, she experienced the Reform Movement of 1898. For Cixi, the Qing Dynasty she was in charge of was already in turmoil.
But Cixi is Cixi. Now look at the actions of Cixi:
190 1 year, Cixi ordered to stop the martial arts examination and set up a military school (military school) following the example of the new foreign army. Later, Cixi ordered the abolition of the old army and began to train new troops on a large scale, which were trained by new troops from all over the country. 1903, Cixi established the Ministry of Commerce, advocating the closure of industrial and commercial enterprises and issuing incentives;
In addition, Cixi abolished women's foot-binding to run girls' schools, abolished the ban that Manchu and Han could not marry, and issued a decree on smoking and planting opium.
The most shocking thing is that in 1908, Cixi herself proposed constitutional monarchy for the first time and put forward a timetable.
On the timetable, Cixi made the following arrangements: 1909 set up the election of the provincial advisory board; 19 10 year, the government Council was established. 19 17, the national assembly was established, thus realizing the constitutional monarchy of Japan and Britain.
Going around, Cixi turned out to be the actual initiator and executor of the reform.
However, Cixi died of illness in the year of promulgation. It can be seen from the measures taken by Cixi that these measures are for the continuation of the Qing government. If implemented, it is likely to achieve the purpose of Cixi.
Cixi has been defending her Qing dynasty all her life, and the Qing dynasty has been in turmoil under the impact of modern thought.
From the perspective of safeguarding the interests of her class and family, she did it by herself. However, from the perspective of the Chinese nation, Cixi brought great harm and seriously hindered the historical progress of the Chinese nation.
It is her greed for power that triggered the disaster of the whole Chinese nation and made her meaningful achievements seem insignificant and insignificant.
The wheel of history is rolling forward, and whoever wants to stop the car will definitely become a sinner.