Malaria has existed on the earth for at least 500 thousand years, and the history of mankind is almost a history of malaria resistance. In China's Huangdi Neijing, there are two chapters on malaria theory and malaria susceptibility. People think that malaria is caused by some pathogenic factors, and acupuncture is the main treatment. Later, Chinese medicine developed Xiaochaihu decoction, Qingpi decoction, Changshan wine and other prescriptions. Since ancient times, the hardest hit area of malaria is not Africa or Southeast Asia, but Apennine Peninsula, as early as 2000.
In ancient Rome, due to years of reclamation and soil erosion, the ecology of Apennine Peninsula deteriorated, mosquitoes bred, and malignant Anopheles mosquitoes that could spend the winter in Roman houses spread among people. The survival rate of newborns in Rome declined, and less than half of them survived. Adults will also become weak, and many people will not live to be 20 years old. The productivity and combat effectiveness of the Roman Empire declined sharply. With the help of malaria, the strength of this country gradually declined.
After der untergang in Rome, malaria became more rampant in Apennine Peninsula. From 1492 to 1590, five popes died of malaria in less than 100, and then in 1590, Pope urban VII died only 12 days after taking office. ?
Today, the explanation why artemisinin-resistant plasmodium malaria is becoming more and more difficult to treat in Africa is here.