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Where is Qu Yuan's hometown?
Where is Qu Yuan's hometown? So far, there are different opinions, and no one can agree. "Zigui Theory" first appeared, represented by Guo Moruo and Mr. You Guoen. Since the early 1950s, people have put forward the "Jiangling Theory", and the representatives are Mr. Pu Jiangqing and Mr. Sun Zuoyun. This statement was particularly popular in the 1980s and 1990s. 1997, Mr. Huang Lusheng, the first division of Hunan Province, put forward the theory of Hanshou for the first time (see Wuling Academic Journal No.5, 1997). Later, Mr. Guo Bin, the Party History Office of Changde Municipal Committee, said that "Qu Yuan's hometown is in Hanshou County, Changde" in Lan Zhi Chunqiu and Shanjuan Yi Li. According to relevant media reports, in 2003, Hanshou County also established Qu Yuan Research Society and held a lecture on Qu Yuan's hometown poetry. In addition, there are "Hubei Jianli Theory", "Sichuan Fengjie Theory", "Hunan Yueyang Theory" and "Xiangyin Theory". Wait, wait. It seems that this argument will continue. The author is just a little ignorant, so I don't take the liberty to try to do the following research. 1942, Mr. Guo Moruo wrote in the study of Qu Yuan: "Qu Yuan's hometown, according to Li Daoyuan's water injection mirror? 6? 1 River water is injected into Zigui County ...' Same note,' There is an old farmland house of Qu Yuan in the northeast of the county, which is still called Qutian although the weir is full. One hundred and sixty miles north of the county seat, there is Qu Yuan's former residence, named Shijie and Lepingli. Six miles northeast of the house, there is a female temple, and the stone that smashed clothes is still there. " He also quoted Yiduji as saying:' Zigui is the first country of Gai Chuzi Xiongyi and the hometown of Qu Yuan. Harada House exists to this day' ". According to the above historical data, Mr. Guo made a correct and objective judgment: "What the village says is right". Then, he quoted Zhu's description of the scenery of Wuxia, and confirmed from the side that "Qu Yuan was born in Wuxia area" (Zigui is near Wuxia), because "his boldness of vision, honest and frank euphemistic words, bold and beautiful words are probably influenced by some landscapes". You Guoen also said in his masterpiece Qu Yuan: "Qu Yuan's hometown is Zigui, so there is probably no problem. Because Zigui is the earliest place where the State of Chu was founded, all princes and people surnamed Mi in Chu can be regarded as Zigui people. Now it seems that Zigui County, Hubei Province is the hometown of Qu Yuan. " To sum up, Mr. Guo and Mr. You think that Qu Yuan's hometown is Zigui for four reasons: First, Zigui is the earliest place where the State of Chu was founded. Qu Yuan shared the same surname as the King of Chu, and his ancestors were also nobles of Chu. According to historical records, Qu Yuan's ancestor Qu Xian, the son of Chu Wuwang Xiong Tong, "ate from Qu Yuan because he thought he was a surname", and Qu Yuan's land is now Zigui, Hubei. Second, historical records. Historical records? 6? 1 Chu's Shuowen said: "Being diligent in writing and martial arts is an heir, while Xiong Yi was named a Chu, given a son, surnamed Mi, and lived in Danyang. "Where is Danyang? At present, there are five theories: Dangtu in Anhui, Xichuan in Henan, Shangxian in Shaanxi and Nanzhang in Hubei. But the traditional and accepted view is still in Zigui, Hubei. The author said that he came from Zigui. Qu Yuan lived in Zigui for generations and lived in groups. According to the Qushi Genealogy of the Republic of China 12, Qushi in Zigui began to compile genealogy in the Ming Dynasty, and its ancestor was Quyi, and "Doctor (Qu Yuan) was here for fifty-six generations". Ming jiajing forty-three years (1564) "Guizhou annals? 6? "1 person" contains: "Ququ, a native of Longcheng Township, Guizhou Province. For three years (1433), Zheng Tong was the principal book of Kaixiang County, Henan Province, and lived in Wenjiadian, his hometown in his later years. After his death, he was buried in the ancestral home of Qu in the triangle. Qu family has two branches in Zigui, Jiangbei and Jiangnan, but they all belong to the same ancestor. The Qushi Ancestral Hall was originally located on the bank of Huang Yang in Jiangbei, and it was not until the Ming Dynasty that it set up a branch in Qujialing in Jiangnan. Qu family in Jiangnan is a descendant of Qu Qu. Xiong Qushi lived next door to Zigui, and has not separated yet. This is not an accidental phenomenon, but has its profound historical origin. For thousands of years, the Xiongqu family, like other families, has been affected by war, famine and plague, and its population has increased and decreased. But until the 1980s, there were still more than 2,000 households with nearly 654.38 million people living in Zigui. I'm afraid you can't find such a dense settlement of Xiongqu anywhere else in the country except Zigui. This also shows from one side that Zigui is indeed Qu's fief, which is Qu Yuan's hometown. Thirdly, Zigui has a large number of historical sites related to Qu Yuan, and all of them are recorded in historical materials, which are not myths and legends. In addition to the detailed records in Du Yishan in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, A Jin Renyu also said in Jingzhou Ji: "There are Quzhai, female temples and broken clothes stones in Zigui County. One hundred miles north of the county seat, there is Qu Yuan's old house, with seven hectares of Fiona Fang, and the tired stone is the base of the house. Today, its place name is Lepingli, and there is a female temple 60 miles east of the house. Jiang Ling Zhi, compiled by Shen Yazhi, a writer in the Tang Dynasty, also said: "Qu Yuan's hometown is in Zigui Township, and there is a female temple in the north. Up to now, the stone that smashed clothes still exists. "These monuments and historical materials are irrefutable evidence. Fourthly, Qu Yuan's Ci and Fu are quite similar in temperament and style to the martial arts scenery near Zigui, his hometown, which is also strong circumstantial evidence. I think the above four points put forward by Mr. Guo and Mr. You Er are true, credible and reasonable. However, the "Jiangling theory" is contrary to this. They think: 1. Qu Yuan's family is a hereditary aristocrat of Chu, so it is natural that he should live in the capital (Jiangling) with the king of Chu for a long time, instead of living in a remote wilderness (Zigui). His hometown is of course in the capital. 2. In Mourning, Qu Yuan said that he "made his fortune in the West", which shows that Ying Du is Qu Yuan's hometown. 3, the western han dynasty writer Dong Fangshuo in the "seven remonstrance? 6? The first edition 1 said: "Ping (Qu Yuan) was born in Guo and grew up in vilen". In ancient Chinese, "Guo" refers to the "national capital", and here it refers to the "Ying" of the State of Chu, which is today's Jiangling.

I think, among these three foundations, the first one has been mentioned in the previous article. It is clearly recorded in the history books that Qu Yuan's ancestor, Qu Yuan, "ate from Qu Yuan because he thought it was food", and later became an official in Du Ying, becoming "Mo Ao". How can he say that Du Ying is his hometown? What's more, Qu Yuan and Qu Xian were separated by more than 400 years. By Qu Yuan's generation, his family had declined, and his ancestral hometown was not in Du Ying. What about Qu Yuan? The second one can't stand scrutiny. When Qu Yuan was in Chu Huaiwang and Wang Xiang, he worked as a leftist and a doctor in San Lv and lived in Du Ying for some time. Later, he was exiled twice, returned during the period, and "sent to the west", which really meant starting from Ying Du and leaving San Lv, but he did not say that Ying Du was his hometown. Although "I go to my hometown and I am far away", "I go abroad and I am far away", "I die and I am far away" are mentioned many times in Mourning, but here "hometown", "going abroad", "hometown" and "old capital" all refer to Chu. Because such words appear repeatedly in many of his poems, it can only show that Qu Yuan loves Chu very much and regards the whole country as his hometown. Moreover, poetry belongs to literary creation and cannot be studied simply and mechanically as history. Otherwise, you have made a metaphysical mistake. The third basis is worth noting. Not only did Dong Fangshuo confirm that "he was born in the countryside and grew up in Yuan Ye", but even Sima Qian, the author of Historical Records, did not raise any objection. In the Biography of Qu Yuan and Jia Sheng, he said: "Qu Yuan's name is Ping and his surname is Chu. The left disciple is Chu Huaiwang ". It can be seen that these two contemporary writers and historians who are closest to Qu Yuan (only 100) have tacitly identified Qu Yuan's ancestral home and birthplace. Dong Fangshuo's two sentences are literally translated in modern Chinese: "Qu Yuan was born in the capital and grew up in Yuan Ye". What does this mean? In my opinion, to understand the meaning of these two sentences, we must first understand two different concepts-birthplace and ancestral home. A person's birthplace and ancestral home are both equal and different. For example, a young couple whose ancestral home is in Beijing went to Jiuquan, Gansu Province to participate in the development of satellite launch and gave birth to a child in Jiuquan. The child's birthplace is of course Jiuquan, but is his ancestral home Jiuquan, too? Obviously not. What we usually call "hometown", "hometown", "hometown", "village" or "town" usually refers to someone's ancestral home. The ancestral home and birthplace are not exactly the same. This is what Dongfang Su meant when he said, "I was born in the country and grew up in Yuan Ye". The capital is his birthplace, and Yuanye is his ancestral home. Why is this? Wang Yi, a writer in the Eastern Han Dynasty, explained these two sentences as follows: "Gao Ping said the original, and said the wild outside. It is said that Qu Yuan was born in Chu State, lived in the same dynasty as the monarch, grew up far away and was abandoned in Shan Ye. The injury has begun and there is no end. " Wang Yi's annotation is consistent with Dong Fangshuo's record and also with Qu Yuan's reality. It is common and understandable that some people were born in a place and grew up in b place. It is not surprising that there are both ancient and modern times. Huang Lusheng, Mr. Ying and other manpower masters have three opinions: First, they think that Qu Yuan's ancestor Qu Xian's place is in Hanshou. It is said that a bronze Ge was unearthed in Zhumushan Town, Hanshou, with the words "Governor of the Prince of Wu" engraved on it. Presumably, this "Governor of the Prince of Wu" is Qu Xian. Second, there is a saying in Qu Yuan's "Shooting the River" that "the morning sun is wasted, and the sunset sun is wasted". According to the textual research of hunan university of arts and science Chen Zhiyuan, Yang Chen here is Han Shou. Thirdly, Hanshou has San Lv Doctor Temple and Zhuoying Bridge, which proves that Hanshou is indeed the hometown of Qu Yuan. The author believes that these three points of evidence are debatable. Regarding the origin of Qu and his fiefs, the Qing Dynasty scholar's Textual Research on Surnames clearly pointed out: "There is something wrong with the son, because the surname was taken from Qu. Qu Yuan followed closely. " Zhao Jiashu and Yan Shu co-authored "Thousands of surnames are found out?" 6? 1 The copybook also said: "Qu surname comes from the Spring and Autumn Period. Our son is defective and has been wronged. His descendants took his fief name as their surname. The historical bend is located in the eastern part of Zigui County, Hubei Province today. Zhang Haitong and Jin Lianchang's "Exploring the Origin of Hundreds of Surnames" also said: "The surname of Qu originated from the name of the fief. In the Spring and Autumn Period, his son's defect was Mo 'ao (the official name of Chu, second only to Ling Yin), and his food was collected in Qu, that is, the east of Zigui County, Hubei Province, so it was called Qu 'ao. The descendants take the city as their surname and the surname is Qu. "These books devoted to surnames, with one voice and the same conclusion, are by no means parrots. "Hanshou Shuo" called Hanshou a tribute to the fief, and asserted that Zhumu Mountain was the "King of Wu" as a tribute. The author really disagrees. It is too arbitrary to say that Yang Chen in Shooting the River is Han Shou. According to the author's research, Hanshou Chenshui is a tributary of Yuanshui River, which originated in jiangkou county, Guizhou Province, flowed eastward into Hunan Province, and merged into Yuanjiang River at Chenxi. In Hanshou, there is Yang Chen Village (port and barrier) because old water flows through it. The county named "Chenyang" was about 1 107 to110 during the Daguan period in the Song Dynasty. In the third year of Shaoxing (1 133), Chenyang was changed to Longyang (see Hanshou County Records, 1993 edition). Qu Yuan was born in the middle of the Warring States Period (340-278 BC). At that time, Hanshou was not called Chenyang at all, and Chenxi was called Chenyang. On page 1444 of Ci Hai published in 1978, it was written: "Chenyang is the Chu land of the Warring States. It is named after Chen Shuiyang. In the southwest of Chenxi County, Hunan Province. "Chu ci? 6? 1 river-related ":'Chao Fa Zhe, Xi Zhe Yang' is this. "According to the dense forest of Han Dynasty, Mr. Chen Zhiyuan is consistent with the descriptions of" the forest hides in the shadow "and" the mountain is steep and high to cover the sun "in Shejiang. According to the fact that Deshan and Chenxi are hundreds of miles apart, they can never arrive in the evening, and it is concluded that Chenyang mentioned by Qu Yuan is not Chenxi, but Hanshou. These two reasons are also difficult to establish. It is common sense that land A and land B are occasionally similar in topography. It cannot be said that land A is land B, and Deshan and Chenxi are far apart, so we can't celebrate together in the morning and evening. Qu Yuan must have known that he used exaggerated techniques to create literature and art. Just as someone accused him of understatement, Comrade Mao Zedong retorted, "You know, this is writing poetry! "As for the existence of San Lv Doctor Temple, Zhuoying Bridge and other historical sites in Hanshou, this only shows that Qu Yuan has indeed been to Hanshou, but it does not mean that Hanshou is his hometown. He has been exiled twice in more than ten years and has been to countless places. In memory of this patriotic poet, people built some symbolic buildings for him in various places. Can we say that all the places with some buildings are Qu Yuan's hometown? At present, there is a strange social phenomenon. In order to improve the popularity of a place, some people try their best to climb celebrities, or drag their feet, or make a fool of themselves, and forcibly transplant historical figures who do not belong to a place to a place. This irresponsible practice should be corrected.