Introduction and history of Fontainebleau Palace, one of the largest palaces in France, Fontainebleau is located in Fontainebleau, Seine-Marne province, ile-de-france, northern France, with specific coordinates of 48 24' 7.50 "N241'57.40" E, which has been used as the hunting palace of the French king since12nd century. Fontainebleau evolved from Fontainebleau, whose original meaning in French is "beautiful spring water". Fontainebleau is a famous tourist attraction with beautiful scenery, lush trees and numerous historical sites. The most beautiful is Francois I's gallery. There are many allegorical paintings, fruit ornaments, garlands and ribbons in the room, as well as rich gypsum ornaments and sculptures. It is a model of French Renaissance art with Italian style. Among western museums, Fontainebleau Palace is the best place to collect and exhibit the treasures of Yuanmingyuan, and the China Pavilion in the palace can be said to be the reappearance of Yuanmingyuan in the west. The reconstruction and expansion of this16th century palace did not stop until the19th century, and the architectural styles of various periods left traces here. Many famous architects and artists participated in the construction of this French palace. 1 137, French king Louis VI ordered the construction of a castle here, which was later rebuilt, expanded, decorated and repaired by acting kings, making Fontainebleau Palace a magnificent palace. /kloc-around 0/530, Francois I wanted to build a "new Rome", so he decided to expand the Hangyuan into a magnificent palace, with two Italian painting masters Rosso and PriMa Diqi O presiding over the interior decoration, and French painters Courchamp, Caron and sculptor Gu Rong participating in the design. This new-look palace is surrounded by a huge open courtyard. Rich in the charm of Italian architecture, Renaissance style and French traditional art are perfectly and harmoniously integrated. This style is called "Fontainebleau School".
French emperors such as Henry II, Henry IV, Louis XIV, Louis XV, Louis XVI and Napoleon all lived here. Some kings have lived here for a long time, and some just use it as a hunting palace. Royal weddings and funerals are often held here. Queen Christina, Russian Tsar Peter I and Danish King Christian VII all stayed here.
Since the French royal family lived in Versailles after17th century, Fontainebleau Palace had declined before the French Revolution. During the Great Revolution, all the furniture and furnishings in the palace were sold to raise government funds. After Napoleon proclaimed himself emperor, he chose Fontainebleau Palace as his memorial to the emperor and restored it. From 18 12 to 18 14, Pope pope pius vii was imprisoned here by Napoleon. 18 14, Napoleon was forced to sign his resignation here and delivered a famous farewell speech to his guards. From 1945 to 1965, the military headquarters of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization was located here, and the symbol of "NATO" still remains outside the walls of Fontainebleau Palace.
How long has Fontainebleau Palace been built? According to French literature, the history of Fontainebleau Palace can be traced back to the Cape Dynasty in the12nd century, when King Louis VI loved hunting, so he built a castle here. 1 169, Louis VII built a small church in the castle built by his father, which became the beginning of the expansion of Fontainebleau Palace. 1259, Louis IX continued the expansion of the former emperor and built a monastery here for monks of the Trinity Sect. Since then, the French royal family often visited Fontainebleau Palace and hunted in the nearby forest. In order to solve the problem of rest and accommodation, the royal family built many holiday cottages in the forest, which created a prototype for Fontainebleau Palace.
/kloc-In the 4th century, Princess Isabeau of charles vi actively built Fontainebleau Palace and added the famous "Oval Square". 1429, Charles VII, Isabel's son, with the assistance of Joan of Arc, was officially crowned French emperor in Lammers Church. Charles VII has been at odds with his biological mother Isabel since he was a child, so he has always had a bad feeling about Fontainebleau Palace, which his mother vigorously built. He hardly went there, leaving it abandoned.
After Louis XIV ascended the throne, Fontainebleau Palace, which had been silent for many years, was re-valued, and became a model for Louis XIV to build Versailles and a gathering place for French Renaissance-style buildings. Of course, this also benefited from the large-scale construction of Fontainebleau Palace by another French emperor Francois I before this. Francois I loved the forest near Fontainebleau very much, and thought that in order to show his authority as an emperor, he should not only expand his military strength abroad, but also build luxurious palaces at home to show his national strength. In addition, when Francois I went to Italy, he was deeply influenced by Renaissance thought. After returning home, he began to repair Fontainebleau Palace on a large scale, which was the beginning of his masterpiece of Renaissance architecture. Born in Paris, the Renaissance architect Brayton was first appointed by Francois I. He built all the existing medieval buildings in Fontainebleau Palace. In addition to demolishing the old palace and building a new one, Brayton also designed a novel and elegant Fontainebleau Palace, adhering to the concept of combining traditional and contemporary styles. 153 1 year, he also built a masterpiece "Francois I cloister" in the palace, converted the former monastery into a two-story building, and added a white horse square around the building. In order to keep the interior of the palace consistent with the gorgeous and elegant appearance style, 1530, he hired the famous Florentine painter Govani Betis Tarosou to take charge of the interior decoration of the palace. 1532, Rossu invited a large number of artists to work together on this project. These artists with their own specialties left many artistic masterpieces with rich Renaissance style for Fontainebleau Palace in the form of sculptures or murals. Later, with these artists as the core, the so-called "First Fontainebleau Painting School" was developed, which left countless wonderful works for the world art history.
Besides Francois I, Henry IV is also an important figure in the architectural history of Fontainebleau Palace. 1589 The king who ascended the throne invested heavily in the renovation of Fontainebleau Palace, and hired first-class architects and artists at that time to make a rigorous plan for its renovation project. The renovated Fontainebleau Palace is more magnificent than before. The most important task in the reconstruction project is to reorganize a part of the oval square into today's White Horse Square, and then design the Francois I cloister as a communication channel between the two squares. The quiet and elegant Diana Garden was built in the north of the cloister, and the carp pond, which has remained its original appearance after several wars, was built in the fountain square in the south of the cloister. In addition, Henry IV built a row of halls as administrative offices in the Oval Square next to the Crown Prince Square. At this point, the scale and pattern of Fontainebleau Palace have basically taken shape. Like Francois I, Henry IV hired many famous painters and sculptors from all over France to create the interior decoration of the palace. These artists with their own strengths make the momentum inside and outside the palace more grand. Later, they also formed the "Second Fontainebleau School". The dazzling brilliance of Fontainebleau Palace lasted for more than 30 years. It was not until Louis XIV built Versailles that it became the second-class palace of the French royal family.
The French royal family after Henry IV did not add more excellent buildings to Fontainebleau Palace. During the period of Louis XVI, the Fontainebleau Palace was improperly built, and the integrity of the original building was once destroyed. During the French Revolution, Fontainebleau Palace was destroyed to some extent, and all the rare treasures and valuable furniture collected in the palace were looted. After Napoleon ascended the throne, large-scale construction was carried out here, and Fontainebleau Palace was able to reproduce its former glory. Napoleon showed a very conservative style when carrying out the renovation project, retaining the original style of Fontainebleau Palace. Napoleon's more important buildings during the reconstruction include the parade ground reconstructed from White Horse Square, the English garden designed by Queen Josephine herself, and the cloister building overlooking Diana Garden. In addition, Napoleon also made many renovations to Henry IV's living room, conference room and other halls to meet his personal needs. 18 14 years, Napoleon signed the abdication book in the study of the "palace", which also ended his legendary life. With Napoleon's abdication, Fontainebleau Palace finally retired on the stage of French history. Nevertheless, this palace, which has been active for more than 600 years, has become an irreplaceable heritage with cultural, artistic and historical value in France because of its spectacular and diverse architectural styles and a large number of priceless artistic treasures.
Where is Fontainebleau Palace? Fontainebleau Palace, located about 60 kilometers southwest of Paris, has a vast land. Before the completion of Versailles, with the accession of emperors, it experienced more than 600 years of ups and downs. Since Louis VI built a castle here, the size of Fontainebleau Palace has gradually expanded. The buildings in the palace include the cloister, white horse square and ballroom built by Francois I; Diana Garden and Fountain Square built by Henry IV; Napoleon came here and built a parade ground and an English garden. These buildings not only formed the unique architectural style of Fontainebleau Palace, but also recorded the cultural, artistic and fashion trends at that time, and made Fontainebleau Palace a concrete representative of French Renaissance artistic creation. Because this palace is close to Fontainebleau, and the spring water here is very famous "belle-eau", it was changed to "bleau" by word of mouth. After the two words overlap, it became the Fontainebleau Palace.