1, ancient Babylon (between 4000 BC and 2250 BC)
In the east of the world, around 3500 BC, the earliest slave country appeared, and advanced casting technology was already available. Around 2250 BC, Sumerians living here created an advanced civilization. They not only invented writing, that is, cuneiform writing, which made the two river basins enter a historical period with written records, but also invented a tool suitable for writing-"blackboard writing". In 2006 BC, the Amorites overthrew the Urdi dynasty, established the Babylonian kingdom, and settled in the two river basins (Tigris River and Euphrates River). The fertile soil and high civilization in the two river basins have injected fresh blood into the Amorites. In the following hundreds of years, the city-states of Mali, Yixin and Larsa were established one after another, and it didn't change until 1792 when Hammurabi ascended the throne.
2. Ancient Egypt (3500 BC)
Ancient Egypt (Arabic:? ), one of the four ancient civilizations, is located in the middle and lower reaches of the Nile in northeast Africa. It is a typical hydraulic empire and is greatly influenced by religion. The world-famous pyramids are the product of ancient Egyptians' worship of eternity and Pharaoh's tomb. Besides the pyramids, the Sphinx and the mummy are also symbols of Egypt. Ancient Egyptian civilization was formed about 6000 years ago (4000 BC). The former dynasty of ancient Egypt began about 5,500 years ago (the 35th century BC) when menes unified Egypt and established the first dynasty, and ended when Persia conquered Egypt again in 343 BC.
The inhabitants of ancient Egypt were made up of indigenous people in North Africa and semen people in West Asia. In the second half of 4000 BC, a country was gradually formed. Until the first 343 years, it experienced the rule of 3 1 dynasty in nine periods: pre-dynasty, early dynasty, ancient kingdom, first middle period, middle kingdom, second middle period, new kingdom, third middle period and post-dynasty (see History). Among them, ancient Egypt reached its peak in the 18th dynasty (15th century ago), and the south In addition to the present Egypt and part of Libya, the ancient Egypt in the east has its own writing system, perfect political system and polytheistic religious system, and its ruler is called Pharaoh, so it is also called Pharaoh era or Pharaoh Egypt. The land of ancient Egypt is closely distributed in the narrow strip around the Nile, which is a typical hydraulic empire. The study of ancient Egypt has formed a special discipline in academic circles, called Egyptology.
3. Ancient India (2000 BC)
Ancient India, ancient Egypt, ancient Babylon and China are called "four ancient civilizations". India is a melting pot of culture, and its unique historical background makes it contain many cultural trends from ancient times to modern times, from west to east, and from Asia to Europe. In addition, it is a country composed of five ethnic groups, and it is like a big cultural museum. Mumbai, located on the west bank of the capital New Delhi, is a cultural center. Although ancient India is a country with many surnames and heavy historical burdens, it still left a unique legacy for world culture.
4. Ancient China (3500 BC-2700 BC)
"Ancient China" is a misnomer for China in the four ancient civilizations (China, ancient Egypt, ancient India and ancient Babylon), that is, Huaxia civilization belongs to great river civilization. China, the oriental dragon with a 5,000-year civilization, is getting stronger and stronger in frequent foreign invasions. Whether it was the conquest of Mongolia or the entry of Manchu, they were the ones who were finally conquered and sinicized and belonged to the long and great Chinese nation. As an ancient cultural country, China has never experienced a complete cultural fault, so it cannot be called "ancient China".