The Book of Songs is the beginning of China's ancient poems and the earliest collection of poems. Collected poems from the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the mid-Spring and Autumn Period (1 1 century to the 6th century), including * * * 31/first, reflecting the social outlook of about 500 years from the early Zhou Dynasty to the weekend.
The Book of Songs was written in the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period, and the author was anonymous. Most of them have not been verified. It was collected by Yin Jifu and edited by Confucius.
In the pre-Qin period, the Book of Songs was called "The Book of Songs", or it was called "The Book of Songs 300" by integers.
In the Western Han Dynasty, it was honored as a Confucian classic, formerly known as The Book of Songs, which has been in use ever since.
The earliest record of The Book of Songs is the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, and the latest work is the Spring and Autumn Period, which spans about five or six hundred years.
The origin is centered on the Yellow River basin, south to the north bank of the Yangtze River, and distributed in Shaanxi, Gansu, Shanxi, Shandong, Hebei, Henan, Anhui, Hubei and other places.
Textual research by experts in literature and history shows that The Book of Songs was written after Zhou Wuwang's downfall of Shang Dynasty (BC 1066).
"Song of Zhou" is the earliest work in the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, and it is the work of noble literati. It is mainly composed of ancestral temple music songs and ode to the gods, and some of them describe agricultural production.
Daya is the product of the prosperous period of the Zhou Dynasty and the only remaining epic in ancient China.
There are different opinions about the creation time of the eighteen pieces of Elegance: Zheng Xuan thinks that What happened to the King of Wen is a poem in the era of literature and martial arts.
Eight Poems of People's Life, from People's Life to Juana, are all poems written by Duke Zhou when he became king.
Xiaoya was born in the late Western Zhou Dynasty and moved eastward.
Truffles and Ode to Shang Dynasty were both produced after Zhou Shi moved eastward (770 BC).
?
Because there was an official who collected poems in the Zhou Dynasty, every spring, he shook Mu Duo and went deep into the folk to collect folk songs. After sorting out the works that can reflect the people's joys and sorrows, he gave them to the Taishi (the official in charge of music) to compose music and sing them to the Zhou Emperor as a reference for administration.
The works of these unknown folk authors occupy most of the space in The Book of Songs, such as The Wind of Fifteen Countries.
The works of aristocratic literati in Zhou Dynasty constitute another part of The Book of Songs.
According to the history books, Zhou Gongdan wrote The Wind and the Owl.
In a batch of bamboo slips of the Warring States Period (Tsinghua bamboo slips) in Tsinghua University in 2008, it was described that people celebrated their victory in drinking, during which they improvised a poem "Cricket", the content of which is closely related to the existing "Cricket" in The Book of Songs tang style.
Apart from the tyranny of Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the replacement of Shang and Zhou Dynasties by Western Zhou Dynasty was mainly related to its slavery economic system.
After the establishment of the Western Zhou Dynasty, in order to alleviate the sharp contradiction between production relations and productivity and class struggle, slavery was transformed into serfdom.
Compared with Shang Dynasty, the Western Zhou Dynasty promoted the rapid development of social spiritual civilization due to the great changes in the economic system. As a representative of literature, the appearance of The Book of Songs is an inevitable product of the progress of the times, which in turn promotes the progress of social civilization.
Extended data:
A Brief Introduction to The Book of Songs
The Book of Songs as a whole is an image reflection of China's social life during the 500-year rise and fall of the Zhou Dynasty, including the ancestor's entrepreneurial ode and the movement of offering sacrifices to ghosts and gods; There are also banquet exchanges between nobles and resentment against uneven work and rest; There are also touching chapters reflecting labor, hunting and a lot of love, marriage and social customs.
?
There are 305 existing poems in The Book of Songs (except 6 Kubinashi orders, ***3 1 1), which are divided into three parts: abundance, elegance and fu.
Wind, a folk song all over the country, is the essence of the Book of Songs. It sang beautiful things such as love and labor, and also sang regret and anger at homesickness and anti-oppression and anti-bullying. Often repeated chanting through repeated superposition. Each chapter in a poem is often only a few words different, which shows the characteristics of folk songs.
?
Elegance and vulgarity are divided into elegance and vulgarity and Xiaoya, and most of them are poems that offer sacrifices to noble people, pray for a good harvest and praise their ancestors.
The author of Daya is an aristocratic scholar, but he is dissatisfied with the real politics. In addition to banquet songs, sacrificial songs and epics, he also wrote some satirical poems reflecting people's wishes.
Xiaoya also has some folk songs.
Ode is a poem dedicated to the ancestral temple.
The poems in Ya and Ode are of great value to the study of early history, religion and society.
In the above three parts, 40 articles were assigned, including Ya 105 (6 articles without poems, not counting), with the largest number, * * * 160, totaling 305 articles.
The ancients took its integer and often said "poetry is 300".