Luoyang is the first capital of China, the cradle of the Chinese nation, and the oldest capital with the most dynasties in China. Among them, China, Zhongzhou, Middle Earth, Central Plains and Huaxia are all from Luoyang. Luo Jian, the eternal Huaihe River, is the cause of a magnificent ancestor. Myths such as Di Ku, Tang Yao, Yu Shun and Yu Xia in ancient China are mostly circulated here. Di Ku is the capital of Boyi, Xia Taikang moved to the capital field, and Shang Tang has its capital in Xibo; King Wu cut Zhou, and 800 princes would meet him; Duke of Zhou assisted the government and moved Jiuding to Luoyi. Ping, Gaozu Duluo, Guangwu Zhongxing, Wei-Jin Zen, Xiaozong Reform, Sui and Tang Dynasties, Houlianghe, a total of thirteen dynasties. Supplement: 1. Xia Dynasty was the first dynasty in the history of China. During the period of 1959, China Institute of Archaeology conducted archaeological excavations in Erlitou, Yanshi, Luoyang, and found Erlitou area as a large-scale capital site, named Erlitou culture. According to the determination of carbon 14, its absolute age is equivalent to Xia dynasty, more than 4000 years ago. It was a large capital of the Xia Dynasty. The total area is 3.75 square kilometers. There are large palace ruins inside. Archaeologists believe that Erlitou cultural site is the capital site of Xia Dynasty, that is, the location of Xia Du Chuan. In the Xia Dynasty, three emperors, Taikang, Zhong Kang and Xia Jie, all established their capitals here. "Imperial Century" records: Taikang reigned for 29 years. According to Zi Zhi Tong Jian, Zhong Kang was in office for 52 years, and the Xia Dynasty devoted itself to 94 years. Secondly, the Xihao Shang Dynasty was the second dynasty in the history of China, and it was also a period of highly developed slavery society in China. Li Shang died in the summer around16th century BC. After Shang Tang captured Xiadu, he decided to build another new capital near Xiadu. After the completion of the new capital, Shang Tang moved here from Nanbo, known as Xihao in history. Where is Shangdu Xibo? This is a doubtful point in thousands of years' history. "Henan Yanshi is Xihao, the capital of Di Ku and Tang Suo, and the capital of Pan Geng." This Xihao is in Luoyang Yanshi corpse township. During the period of 1983, China Academy of Social Sciences conducted archaeological excavations in Xianggou, Sophora japonica and Tazhuang in Yanshi, Luoyang, and found the ruins of this shopping mall. Since then, the secret of Xibe nationality has been uncovered, and the mystery of Xibe nationality's history for thousands of years has been ended. This is an important discovery of historians at home and abroad. Shang Dynasty made two voyages to the West. For the first time, Shangdu went west to Bo, from about171year BC to 1482 BC, which lasted for 230 years and went through the Tang Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty, the Tai Jia Dynasty, the Woding Dynasty, the Tai Geng Dynasty, the Yongji Dynasty, the Taiwu Dynasty and the1year BC. The second time, the merchants went west to Bo, about 13 10 BC to140 BC, counting 170 years, passing through Pan Geng, Xiao Xin, Xiaoyi, Wuding, Zu Geng, Zujia, Bingxin. The Shang Dynasty made two voyages to the Western Ocean, with a total of 19 emperors for more than 400 years. Since Pan Geng in Shang Dynasty, a dual capital system has been implemented, with Bo City in the south and Yin City in the north. Luoyang and Anyang became twin cities in Shang and Yin Dynasties. Thirdly, the Zhou family in Luoyang, the eastern capital of the Western Zhou Dynasty, was originally a tribe with a long history in western China. Together with Xia and Shang tribes, they are called the three tribes at the end of primitive society in China. In Xia and Shang Dynasties, Zhou was their vassal state. Zhou Chengwang moved its capital to Luoyi. From March to December of the second year after King Wu destroyed the business, Luoyang City was built. Since then, two capitals have appeared in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Haojiang in the west is called Zhou Zong, and Luoyi in the east is called Chengzhou. Chengzhou is divided into imperial city and summer capital. Xiadu was later called Chengzhou. The names of Luoyang are numerous and often change. Other kings often live in Romania to deal with state affairs. Neither Luo nor Gao is the highest official department of the central government, and the Duke of Zhou is in Luo and Gao. After the death of Duke Zhou, his son Jun Chen inherited the position of Duke Zhou and continued to guard here. Luoyang, as the eastern capital of the Western Zhou Dynasty, lasted for 295 years from Wu Wang to Wang Ping. After becoming kings, Wang Zhao, Mu Wang, Gong Wang, wangyi, Xiao Wang, wangyi, Li Wang, Xuan Wang and Wang You had 10 emperors. During the Western Zhou Dynasty, the system of one country and two capitals was implemented, but the legal capital was Haojiang, and Luoyang only existed as the capital. 4. In 770 BC, in the second year of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Wang Ping, the capital of Luoyang, ascended the throne and decided to abolish the western capital and move the capital to the eastern capital, which was called the Eastern Zhou Dynasty in history. Luoyang was the only capital of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. During the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, there were two other cities: one was the imperial city, which was built by the government, and the other was the residence of the emperor. One was built by Cheng Zhou Wuwang, and the Duke of Zhou resumed his camp, which is a military stronghold. The people of Wangcheng lived in the capital for 365,438+00 years in autumn and winter, starting from Zhou Pingwang and passing through Huan Wang, Zhuang Wang, Li Wang, Hui Wang, Wang Xiang, Wangqing, Wang Kuang, Dingwang, Jianwang, Lingwang, Jingwang, Funwang and Yunwang for 65,438+04 emperors. Chengzhou, as the capital of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, has a history of 205 years, and has experienced Zhou, Zhou, Zhou, Zhou, Zhou, Zhou, Zhou, Wang, Wang Xian, Shen Liangwang 1 1 emperors. As the capital of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Luoyang has a history of 5 15 years and has experienced 25 emperors. 5. Luoyang, the capital of the Eastern Han Dynasty, was proclaimed emperor in Baixiang, Hebei Province in 25 AD, and was Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty. In the same year, Luoyang was captured and became the capital. History is called the Eastern Han Dynasty or the Later Han Dynasty. From the founding of Liu Xiu in 25 AD to the demise of Xian Di in 220 AD, the Eastern Han Dynasty experienced 196 years. There were three capitals in the Eastern Han Dynasty: Luoyang, Xuchang and Chang 'an. Among them, Luoyang was the capital of 165, Xuchang was the capital of 26 years, and Chang 'an was the capital of 5 years. There are Emperor Guangwu, Ming Di, Zhang Di, He Di, Shao Shang Di Di, Andy, Shao Di (Liu Yi), Shun Di, Chong Di, Zhi Di, Huan Di, Ling Di, (Liu Bian), Xian Di 14 Di. 7. After Luoyang, the capital of Cao Wei in the first year of Chuping in Xian Di, the Eastern Han Dynasty existed in name only. The three-legged pattern of Wei, Shu and Wu is gradually taking shape. In 207 AD, Cao Cao basically unified northern China. In 2 13, Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty named Cao Cao Gong Wei. In 2 16, Cao Cao made Wang Wei. In 220 AD, Cao Cao died of illness in Luoyang, and his son Cao Pi succeeded to the throne. Soon, Cao Pi abolished the Han Emperor as Shanyanggong, and became emperor on his own, so he changed Han to Wei and made Luoyang his capital. History is called Cao Wei. From AD 220 to AD 265, when Sima Yan destroyed Wei, Cao Wei made Luoyang its capital for 46 years. After Wei Wendi, Wei Mingdi, Wang Qi, Gui Xiang Palace and Yuan Di, there were five emperors. Eight, Luoyang, the capital of the Western Jin Dynasty, was in the late Cao Wei period, when politics was dark and Cao Wei went into decline. In 265 AD, he succeeded to the Jin Dynasty, and later on behalf of the Han Dynasty, he repeated Cao Pi's tricks, forcing Cao Huan to abdicate and stand on his own feet as emperor. For the sake of Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty, he changed his country name to Jin, which was called the Western Jin Dynasty in history. Luoyang is still the capital of the Western Jin Dynasty. In May1year, the capital of the Western Jin Dynasty experienced the experiences of Emperor Wu, Emperor Huai and Emperor Chen. The city site is located in the ruins of Baima Temple, the ancient city of Eastern Han and Wei Dynasties. Nine, the Northern Wei Dynasty moved the capital to Luoyang, and the Western Jin Dynasty unified the Three Kingdoms, which led to the "Eight Kings Rebellion", which lasted 16 years. Luoyang was badly damaged. In 494 (the eighteenth year of Taihe), the Northern Wei Dynasty occupied the Central Plains, unified the North and moved the capital to Luoyang. Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty was a great emperor. He persisted in reform, rectified official management, severely punished corrupt officials, restored the economy and developed production. Advocating learning Chinese, speaking Chinese and wearing Hanfu has promoted the great integration of the northern nationalities. Luoyang, which was destroyed, was restored and developed. Luoyang, the capital of the Northern Wei Dynasty, lasted for 4 1 year, and experienced eight emperors: Emperor Xiaowen, Xuan Wudi, Emperor Xiaoming, Emperor Xiao Zhuang, King Changguang, Emperor Jiemin, King Anding and Emperor Xiaowu. In 604 AD, the Sui Dynasty established its capital, and Yang Guang ascended the throne for emperor Yang Di. At the end of the year when Yang Guang ascended the throne, he personally came to Luoyang, climbed Mangshan Mountain and inspected the terrain. In March 605 AD, Su Yang, the prime minister, was appointed as the director of Dongdu Construction, Ran as the deputy supervisor, and Yuwen Kai as the principal. Every month, he recruited 2 million craftsmen and started a large-scale construction project in Luoyang, the eastern capital. In the first month of 606, Du Dong was built. When Emperor Yang Di, who was cruising in the south of the Yangtze River, heard about this incident, he set out from Jiangdu as soon as possible and arrived in Luoyang, the eastern capital, in April. Then six palaces and hundreds of officials also moved to Luoyang. Luoyang became the national political, economic, cultural and transportation center, and Luoyang was the capital of the Sui Dynasty in 1 1. Xiyuan in the west of the city, with a population of over one million and tens of thousands of wealthy businessmen, is the largest and most beautiful garden in China. Xi。 At the end of the Tang dynasty, the capital was moved to Luoyang in 6 18. Li Yuan established the Tang Dynasty, with Chang 'an as its capital, and Emperor Taizong Li Shimin ordered the restoration of Luoyang City, which was called Luoyang Palace. He came to Luoyang three times to handle government affairs and foreign affairs, and lived in Luoyang Palace for two years. In the 23rd year of Zhenguan in Tang Dynasty (AD 649), Emperor Li Zhi ascended the throne. Yonghui came to Luoyang in the sixth year (AD 657) to handle state affairs here, with Luoyang as its east capital. After the Anshi Rebellion, the power of the Central Committee of the Tang Dynasty was greatly weakened, and the power of our time became stronger and stronger. In 904 AD, our army Xuanwu sent Zhu Wen to Chang 'an, took Emperor Taizong (Zhaozong) hostage and moved the capital to Luoyang. In 907 AD, Zhu Wen abolished Emperor Tang (Aizong) and Tang died. Since then, there has been a division of five dynasties and ten countries in the history of China. Luoyang was the capital of the Tang Dynasty. Aizong lived here for two years and died in the Tang Dynasty. Wu Zetian, the capital of Wu Zhou, is the only female emperor in the history of China. On September 9th, the first year of God's will (AD 690), Wu Zetian reduced Li Dan to be the heir, made herself the emperor, respected the holy god emperor, changed the title of the country to Zhou, and changed the eastern capital to the god capital. In the first year of Shenlong (AD 705), 82-year-old Wu Zetian was forced to give way to Li Xian, Tang Zhongzong due to illness, and the title of the Tang Dynasty was restored. Wu Zetian reigned for 50 years, occupied the position of emperor in 15, and took Luoyang as its capital in 15. Thirteen, Hou Liang moved the capital to Luoyang in the fourth year (907), and Tang Aidi Zen was located in Zhu Wen, renamed Kaiping. Zhu Wen takes Liang as its title, with Kaifeng as its capital and Luoyang as its west. In the first month of the third year of Kaiping (909), Zhu Wen moved its capital to Luoyang, with Kaifeng as its east capital. Fourteen, after the late Tang Dynasty moved its capital to Luoyang, Liang Long stayed in Germany for three years (923). After the back beam was destroyed in the later Tang Dynasty, he became emperor in Weizhou (now northeast of daming county, Hebei). In December of the same year (the first year of Tongguang), he moved the capital to Luoyang and took Luoyang as Luo Jing. Li Youtian succeeded Tang in the world, so he was named Tang, which was called "the later Tang" in history. 15. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Shi Jingtang, King of Jin, set out for Jinyang. In the first year of Tianfu (936), it jumped into Luoyang and destroyed the later Tang Dynasty. The book of Ye Ludeguang, Emperor Taizong of Liao Dynasty, is the Great Jin Emperor, with the title of Jin and Luoyang as its capital. Name of the ancient capital dynasty of the 13th Dynasty: the time when the emperor built the capital. Taikang, Zhongkang and Kongjia in Erlitou, Xia Yanshi, 2070- BC 1600, Shangtang in the ditch of the corpse township of Boyanshi, Shanxi, and Taikang BC 1600- BC 1040. Zhao Haoqi, Mu Wang, etc. They were from Wang Ping to the kings of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty (on both sides of the Jian River) from 1046 to 77 1 years ago, a total of 25 years ago-from Emperor Guangwu of Luoyang and Han Wei in the Eastern Han Dynasty to Xian Di 256 years ago, a total of 12 Emperor 25. A total of 5 emperors 22 1 year -265 Luoyang Ancient City Han Wei Western Jin Dynasty A total of 4 emperors 265-365, 438+03 Northern Wei Luoyang Han Wei Old Town Xiaowen Emperor to Xiaowu Wudi Seven emperors 493-534 Sui Dynasty East Capital Sui and Tang Dynasties Old Town Yang Di, Gong Di 606-665, 438+08 Wu Zhou Shen Du Sui and Tang Dynasties Old Town Wu Zetian A.D. 690-690. Since the first dynasty in China, thirteen dynasties, including Shang, Western Zhou, Eastern Zhou, Eastern Han, Cao Wei, Western Jin, Northern Wei, Sui, Tang, Hou Liang, Later Tang and Later Jin, have established their capitals here. 15 dynasty "13 dynasty" has always been an official statement, but according to historical records and archaeological discoveries, the most accurate statement is to add the capital of the Western Han Dynasty and the Wu and Zhou Dynasties to "13 dynasty", which is a fact generally recognized and accepted by scholars at present. 17 ancient capital of the dynasty added the Northern Song Dynasty and the Republic of China to "15 ancient capital of the dynasty". According to the historical records and the time of capital establishment, there are 23 dynasties in Luoyang, including Xia, Shang, Western Zhou, Eastern Zhou, Warring States Korea, King Yu at the end of Qin, Western Han, Reform, Eastern Han, Cao Wei, Western Jin, Northern Wei, Sui, Li Wei, Zheng, Tang, Wu Zhou, Yan, Later Tang, Later Jin and Republic of China. Therefore, Luoyang is the capital with the earliest capital, the most dynasties and the longest time in the history of China, no matter the dynasties or the number of regimes.