"Biography of Mr. Ma" records: "Living in Kyoto, there is land in the city, which can be used as a garden without water irrigation. Mr. Wang overturned the car, causing the child and daughter to turn around, and it is more skillful to heal themselves. " This is probably the main historical materials on which textbooks are based. "One hundred times more proficient than usual" (its effect is many times more than ordinary rollover) indicates that there was an old rollover before this, not "creation". Therefore, the textbook was revised to "manufacturing" without the word "creation". So who "created" the rollover?
According to the Records of Later Han Dynasty (Volume 78) and Biography of Officials, during the reign of Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty, "Jean, Zhong (and Bilan ... twelve people in the Song Temple were constant attendants" and "The following year, Ming Dun ordered Zhu Dianxiu to repair the Nangong Tang Wang. Also, the court ordered Azure to cast bronze in black dragon and Xuanwu Que. For another four minutes, it was greeted by two thousand people, and the county (hanging) was in front of Yutang and Taidian. Also cast Tianlu shrimp, spit water in the east of Pingmen Bridge, and turn water into the palace. I also used it to turn over and thirst for black, and applied it to the west of the bridge and paved the road in the northern suburbs of the southern suburbs to save the people. " This is the beginning of the word "rollover" in China's history books. None of the previous books have recorded it. Bilan's subversion is "enlightenment" ("creation"). According to the note of Tang Lixian (Prince Zhang Huai), "Turn over the car and set up a locomotive to divert water. Thirst for martial arts is a simple song, and it is also a water diversion with gas. " The so-called "locomotive" refers to the mechanical transmission device such as trough plate and gear created by him on the dumper.
According to textual research, the "rollover" created by Bilan is the predecessor of the keel waterwheel that has been used in rural areas of China until modern times (see Wang Zhen Agricultural Book), and its basic principle and structure have not changed much.
As can be seen from the above records, Bilan is not only responsible for casting bronze figures, giant bells, spitting water and tianlu (mythical animal names) and the tomb of shrimp and barbarians (toads), but also for setting up locomotives to draw water, overturn cars and draw water with air. Besides, in the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was a precedent for eunuchs to supervise the production of documents. Therefore, it is entirely possible for Azure to make a rollover.
Yes, Bilan, the eunuch, can't do the rollover himself. But he is responsible for making overturned cars, and he can also draw a lot of water, which is the first in the history of China waterwheels. This was really a great invention 1800 years ago. Although the rollover created by Bilan was not directly used in agricultural production, it was "used to spread roads in the southern suburbs and the northern suburbs, saving people's expenses", so it also contributed to the national economy and people's livelihood.
As we know, Emperor Han Ling is a famous bad king in the history of our country. When he was in office, eunuchs continued to monopolize power, corruption became rampant, officials and titles were made public, taxes on various fields were increased by 10 yuan, and palaces were built. Class contradictions intensified, and finally the Yellow Scarf Uprising broke out. Therefore, the invention of azure can only be used for court amusement, and it is impossible to develop productivity. After Cao Cao unified the north, Wei's production was restored and developed. Under such historical conditions, science and technology at that time were required to adapt to the needs of production and develop. At this time, the inventor Ma Jun came into being.
On the basis of the rollover created by predecessors, Ma Jun tried to improve it and made a lightweight and easy-to-operate rollover. This kind of rollover, even children can overturn, but also can carry water continuously, which shows great progress, so it quickly spread to the people and promoted the development of agricultural production. This was one of the most advanced production tools in the world at that time. "Later, it was gradually popularized and used, which improved the drought resistance." It still plays a certain role.
Although Ma Jun was "unique in craftsmanship and unparalleled in the world", he was born in poverty, and the feudal rulers paid extremely little attention to scientific and technological inventions. His innovation and creation are often ridiculed and criticized by dignitaries who only talk empty words, so he is little known. Although Bilan is famous in history, he is an official, and most eunuchs in the Eastern Han Dynasty are lawless, so he is despised by the world.
Bilan was the "creator" of rollover in the history of China, and Ma Jun in the Three Kingdoms period should be the "improver" of rollover technology.