Tightness is both a limitation and an advantage.
Xiangyang is not only a witness to the development of membrane architecture in China, but also a witness to the maturity of membrane architecture in China. He, the current executive director of the Spatial Structure Branch of China Steel Structure Association, told reporters that the start of membrane structure construction in China was much earlier than that time node in 2006. "The number of membrane structure buildings in China should be around 1996." He recalled, "gas film architecture is just a form of membrane structure architecture."
According to Xue Suduo, chairman of the Space Structure Branch of China Steel Structure Association and dean of the School of Architecture and Engineering of Beijing University of Technology, according to the stress modes of membrane materials and related components, membrane structure buildings are divided into four types: integral tension type, skeleton support type, cable support type and air support type, among which air support type is divided into air bearing type, air pillow type and air rib type. "The gas film gymnasium we talk about every day generally refers to the air cushion gymnasium." Xue Suduo explained, "Compared with ordinary buildings, gas film buildings have the advantages of low cost, short design and construction period, energy saving and environmental protection, and low operation and maintenance costs."
Xiangyang summed up the difference between gas film building and ordinary membrane structure building as "airtight or not". "In essence, the biggest difference between gas film buildings is expansion. There is a gas film building with a closed inflatable space. " He said, "This also determines that the application of membrane structure architecture in sports field is mainly gymnasium, especially badminton hall and tennis hall."
Sealing is not only the limitation of the development of gas film venues, but also creates its unique advantages. "The first is environmental protection. In order to keep the air pressure balance, the gas film gymnasium needs to be kept relatively closed, so there is less air exchange inside and outside the gymnasium. In cold winter and hot summer, the gas film gymnasium can maintain the temperature in the museum with less energy consumption. " Li Danyang concluded, "Because of the closed environment, a large number of pollutants in the air can be filtered or blocked outside the venue. Even in the heavily polluted northern winter, the PM2.5 measured in the museum can be maintained at around 10. In addition, the gas film gym is also suitable for plateau areas. Because there is an inflatable device to maintain internal pressure, the museum can maintain a high oxygen content. "
Demand has exploded, but it is far from enough at present.
In recent years, the number and scale of domestic stadiums have expanded rapidly. With the advantages of low cost, rapid construction and environmental protection, gas film venues have caught the express train of venue development in China. According to the statistics of China Sports Film White Paper, as of 20 15, the domestic sports film construction area has exceeded 330,000 square meters. "Ordinary gyms may take several years to build, while gas film gyms may only take one week. Low cost shortens the investment recovery cycle of enterprises. " Xue Suduo defined 20 1 1 as a turning point in the development of gas film venues. "From 2006 to now, gas film architecture has gone through ten years in China. But the real rapid development is after 20 1 1 year. "
Li Danyang expressed a similar view. "In recent years, we have taken over dozens of projects of gas film venues," he said. "It can be said that the development of gas film venues in the past three years has been explosive." But even so, in Xue Suduo's view, the number of gas cinemas is still "far from enough". "Compared with the past, the number of air film venues in China has been greatly improved." Xue Suduo bluntly said, "But compared with the growing fitness needs of ordinary people and the rapid development of sports in China, this figure is much worse. Of course, this also means development potential. "
The rapid development of the market and its unlimited potential make enterprises join in it. According to incomplete statistics, more than a dozen enterprises, including Jingtong Haimai, Jintengsheng, Zhongtianjiuye and Jintianshengjie, are competing for ups and downs in this "blue ocean". After 10 years of development, domestic gas film enterprises are gradually emerging. Among them, tunheimr has the highest gas membrane market share, accounting for 44% of the total gas membrane market in China, showing a monopoly situation.
"European and American countries have higher economic levels and started earlier. They did have the core technology before. However, after 10 years of development, domestic enterprises are gradually mastering core technologies. " Xiangyang said.
However, in the actual operation process, domestic membrane materials are the real shortcomings of domestic enterprises. Li Danyang pointed out: "We don't have much problems in production and installation, but the membrane material of gas membrane building is the core. During the construction process, we found that domestic film materials have some problems in color durability. " Xue Suduo also said frankly, "Membrane material is the weakness of domestic enterprises. Compared with imported materials, there is a big gap in technology and quality. It takes time and process to bridge this gap. "
In addition to the urgent need for research and innovation of membrane materials, the cost of continuous exploration should also attract the attention of domestic enterprises. "The competition in the domestic market is too fierce. Domestic enterprises have kept prices very low. Due to cost constraints, everyone's goal is mostly to build, not to build better. " Xiangyang bluntly said, "Without premium ability, brands cannot achieve sustainable development."
The standard is missing, but it is being established.
Compared with the rapid development of the market, the formulation of standards and specifications for gas film products is relatively backward. "In 2004, we issued the first technical specification for membrane structures. In 20 15, we launched the revised version with the number CECS 158: 20 15, which added new specifications on gas film products, and it was officially implemented on 1 month 1 day this year. But frankly speaking, the standards related to gas film construction are not very complete. " Xue Suduo said.
As the designer of gas film building, the lack of standards and specifications is one of the biggest troubles in Li Danyang's work. "From 2006 to today, it is neither long nor short. Generally speaking, the gas film stadium is a relatively new product. Therefore, from products, to construction, to fire protection, norms and standards are somewhat vague. Many companies are on the edge, which is considered to be an edge ball. " Li Danyang said frankly, "Most of the newly revised technical specifications for membrane structures are based on ordinary membrane structures, but membrane structures have their own uniqueness. In the construction process of some projects, due to the lack of relevant norms, we have to conduct special argumentation again. Therefore, we are also actively promoting the formulation of norms in this sub-field, but this requires the cooperation of all departments of society.