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relevant information
Ordos City has become the fastest-growing and most profitable city in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Ordos economy is based on industry. From the industrial development of this city, we can see the formation process of "Ordos economic phenomenon". Since the founding of New China, the city's industrial development has experienced three stages: (1)1949 ~1980 is the stage of low-speed operation of industrial economy. 1949, there were only 8 small coal mines in Ordos city, with an annual output of 68,000 tons, and the total industrial output value was194 million yuan, accounting for only 4. 1% of the total industrial and agricultural output value. 1980, there were 458 industrial enterprises with total assets of 208 million yuan, involving coal, textile, medicine, building materials, machinery, food and other industries, with a total output value of1.1.90 billion yuan, and the ratio of industrial output value to agricultural output value was 44.8: 55.2. Agriculture still dominates the national economy. (2)1981~1993 is the stage of industrial development. After 1980, with the westward shift of the national energy strategy, the national key construction projects such as Dongsheng Coalfield, Zhungeer Coalfield and Dalat Power Plant started one after another. At the same time, the transportation, communication and other infrastructure in Ordos City have also been launched on a large scale, which has brought excellent opportunities for the industrial development of Ordos City. Taking this opportunity, Hubei vigorously implemented the strategy of resource transformation and built a number of large-scale industrial projects. By 1993, the number of industrial enterprises had grown to 49 1 family, the total assets reached 24 1 100 million yuan, the profits and taxes reached169 million yuan, and the ratio of industrial and agricultural output value was adjusted to 53: 47. Industry began to occupy a dominant position in Hubei's economy, and basically formed four pillar industries: coal, textile, chemical industry and electric power. (3) 1994 has always been a "sustained, rapid and efficient" development stage of industrial economy, and industry has become a "locomotive" to drive local economic development. The economic aggregate here has expanded rapidly and the internal structure has improved significantly. The number of industrial enterprises has grown to 9,063, with total assets of 29.6 billion yuan. By 2000, the proportion of the three industries was adjusted to 16:58:26( 1978 was 45: 28: 27, and 1995 was 34: 4125), which completely realized the historic shift from agriculture and animal husbandry economy to industrial economy. The production, processing and sales of Erdos Cashmere Group account for12 in China and13 in the world. Coal production enterprises, mainly Shenhua Shendong Company, Shenhua Zhungeer Energy Co., Ltd., Wan Li and Yimeng Coal Industry Group, have an annual production capacity of 40 million tons, accounting for 60% of the autonomous region; The total installed capacity of Wanjiazhai Water Control Project on the Yellow River, Dalat Thermal Power Plant and Guohua Zhungeer Thermal Power Plant exceeds 2 million kilowatts. From 1995 to 2000, the city's GDP increased from 4.974 billion yuan to 1503 billion yuan, with an average annual growth of19% at comparable prices; The per capita GDP has increased from 3,992 yuan to 10774 yuan, which is 1.96 times the average level of the autonomous region, with an average annual growth of 17.9% at comparable prices. The city's fiscal revenue increased from 444 million yuan to 654.38+57.4 million yuan, with an average annual growth rate of 28.8%; The industrial economy continues to operate at a high speed and high efficiency. The city's industrial assets grew at an average annual rate of 37.5%, and the industrial added value increased at an average annual rate of 32.7%, which was 20 percentage points higher than the average level of the autonomous region. The comprehensive index of industrial economic benefits reached 137.4, ranking first in the autonomous region for seven consecutive years, achieving an average annual increase of profits and taxes of 22.7%. The total industrial output jumped from the penultimate third place in the autonomous region of 1990 to the second place in the autonomous region (in 2000, the per capita disposable income of urban residents reached 5502 yuan, with an average annual growth rate of 13.5%, and the per capita net income of farmers and herdsmen reached 2453 yuan, with an average annual growth rate of 14.4%. The poverty-stricken population in agricultural and pastoral areas decreased from 523,000 in 1993 to137,000 in 1999 (the poverty-stricken population reached195,900 in 2000). In 2000, the city's per capita GDP, fiscal revenue and per capita disposable income of urban residents ranked second in the autonomous region, and the per capita net income of farmers and herdsmen ranked third in the autonomous region. Ordos economy achieved the goal of entering the forefront of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region as scheduled, and created "Ordos economic phenomenon".
During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, the accumulated GDP of Ordos City reached 654.38+058.6 billion yuan, three times that of the Ninth Five-Year Plan. At the end of the Tenth Five-Year Plan, the daily average value (added value) created by Ordos was three times that of five years ago, which was equivalent to the value created in one year of 654.38+0955. In 2005, the fiscal revenue of Ordos reached 9.34 billion yuan, nearly six times that of the end of the Ninth Five-Year Plan, with an average annual growth of 4 1.9%. In 2006, with the growth rate of 56% and the total amount of145.86 million yuan, it jumped to the first place in the whole autonomous region!
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Cause and experience
There are many reasons for the economic rise of Ordos. The strategic transfer of the national energy industry to the central and western regions can not be underestimated, but it can not fully explain the reasons for the economic rise of Ordos. The reason for this is the following：
Clear up the thinking of economic development and correctly implement the strategy of opening to the outside world
During the Eighth Five-Year Plan and the Ninth Five-Year Plan, Ordos focused on economy and industry, and concentrated on making a big fuss about industry, completely reshaping and reconstructing the idea of developing economy in Ordos.
During the period of 1979, Ordos took the lead in introducing complete sets of Japanese technology and equipment in the form of compensation trade, and established Yimeng cashmere sweater factory (Ordos Group Company). After that, Ordos successively introduced domestic investment and built Zhungeer coal-fired power plant, Dongsheng coalfield, Radat thermal power plant, Wanjiazhai hydropower plant and other major projects, which became an important force in the development of industrial economy and even the whole national economy in Ordos. Since 1992, in order to speed up the pace of opening up, Ordos has set up six development zones, which have made breakthroughs in the fields of high-tech materials, bioengineering and high-energy product development. Up to now, some development zones have shown good development prospects. During the Ninth Five-Year Plan period, the city used a total of 397.48 million US dollars of foreign capital, an increase of 8.6 times compared with the Eighth Five-Year Plan period.
Set up enterprise groups to promote industrialization and scale.
In the early 1990s, Erdos took the lead in setting up enterprise groups in the autonomous region, which enabled the industrial advantages to gather rapidly and the industrial economy to develop rapidly. Since 1995, we have vigorously supported the development of enterprises with annual profits and taxes above100,000 yuan in accordance with the development idea of "building groups with industries and promoting industries with groups". After several years of cultivation, 3 1 enterprise has reached the above scale and become the mainstay of the city's economic development. Among them, the industrial added value of the four groups (Erdos Cashmere Group, Yimei Group, Yihua Group and Yili Group) accounts for 34% of the added value of enterprises above designated size, and the profits and taxes paid account for 20% of the city's fiscal revenue, forming a powerful pillar of Hubei's industrial economy. The leading enterprise of Erdos Cashmere Group 1995 listed B shares, 1997 issued B shares, and 200/KLOC-0 issued A shares, raising 2.4 billion yuan for three times. 1995 group was awarded the title of "King of Cashmere Products in China" by the National Bureau of Statistics. In 2000, the group company achieved sales income of 2.07 billion yuan, earned foreign exchange of 6.5438+0./kloc-0. 0 billion dollars, and made profits and taxes of 440 million yuan, ranking first in the national textile industry. The development of Erdos industrialization basically started from the completion of Erdos cashmere sweater factory, the largest cashmere processing enterprise in Asia at that time, from 65438 to 0979. Its establishment was once called "a revolution of cashmere industry in China" by people of insight in China and "a magnificent sunrise in the history of cashmere industry in China" by foreign counterparts, which also marked the beginning of industrialization in Ordos region.
City flag economic integration, opening and innovation.
Take the construction of "four groups", "four-level enterprises" and industrial parks as the overall situation of industrial economy.
This pioneering move is not only conducive to the overall optimization of resources and the overall development of enterprises, but also conducive to the multi-layer sharing of resources and the common development of enterprises. Moreover, the "four major groups", "four-level enterprises" and "industrial parks" should be open to the outside world and introduce capital, technology, talents and management experience, so as to promote resource development and enterprise development. Flexible application of the concept of "grasping the big and releasing the strong, releasing the small and releasing the living" to economic management. Expanding public industries in the process of grasping large enterprises and developing non-public industries in the process of releasing small ones also includes the transformation from non-public small enterprises to non-public large enterprises. Economic integration of city flags. Break the past development situation of industrial convergence, repeated construction, land consolidation, resource blockade and fragmentation, optimize the combination of superior resources, and form a powerful "fist" economy. For example, Erdos Group owns 35% of the national cashmere sweaters and 25% of the global cashmere sweaters, and Yihua owns 70% of the national baking soda market, thus promoting the economic development and fiscal revenue growth of the flag area. In 2000, six of the eight flag cities exceeded 100 million yuan, of which Dongsheng's local budget revenue was 298 1.3 million yuan, ranking 75th among counties (cities) in China and 1 in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.
Based on the advantages of resources, implement the strategy of resource development and transformation
Ordos Wuhua Tianbao is a rare resource-rich area. It has been preliminarily proved that there are 48 kinds of mineral deposits in 8 categories, and there are rich natural gas resources with high quality. Non-metallic minerals with large reserves, high grade and easy exploitation; Albas white cashmere, which is famous at home and abroad; High-quality Chinese herbal medicines are well known. Ordos is rich in resources, but it is relatively short of funds, technology and talents. Therefore, it is necessary to process, transform and comprehensively utilize resources, transform potential resource advantages into realistic economic advantages and commodity advantages, and implement the strategy of paying equal attention to resource development and transformation. In recent years, the city has mainly focused on the following aspects: First, through "pulling linkage, increasing income and increasing efficiency", it has vigorously strengthened the comprehensive development of agricultural and livestock resources and continuously extended the value-added chain of agricultural and livestock products processing. The second is to optimize the incremental structure of assets as the core, start the development of processing industry clusters through key projects, and build a new industrial system. Third, correctly handle the relationship between supporting key construction projects of the state and autonomous regions and developing local economy. Ordos city provides all-round services for key construction projects of the state and the autonomous region to ensure that key projects are not disturbed. The completion and commissioning of national key projects not only contributed to the city's industrial economy and finance year by year, but also effectively promoted the development of local industries, township enterprises, tertiary industries and municipal construction. For example, the development of Zhungeer Coalfield 10 years has made Xue Jiawan develop from a small mountain village with only dozens of families into a star town with a population of 64,000. 1In August, 1999, Zhungeer Banner government also moved from Shagedu Town to Xuejiawan Town.
Reform the enterprise property right system and optimize the capital structure.
Before the 15th National Congress, Ordos City was built ahead of schedule. According to the idea of "grouping pillar industries, corporatizing backbone enterprises and privatizing small and medium-sized enterprises", the flag (district) economy is mainly private economy, and the transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises is vigorously promoted. Carry out shareholding system reform for the member enterprises of the group company to promote the diversification of investment subjects. Since 1995, Ordos City has strongly supported the four major groups of Ordos, Yimei, Yihua and Yili to successfully implement low-cost expansion, and has taken the lead in implementing stock listing in the autonomous region, raising nearly 4 billion yuan, accounting for about 1∕3 of the autonomous region. These enterprises have successively entered the ranks of 500 key enterprises in China. 1in September, 1995, with the consent of the State Council Securities Commission and the approval of China Securities Commission, Shanghai Securities Regulatory Office officially issued a document on September 8th, deciding to allocate1100000 shares to Erdos Cashmere Factory from the B-share quota of Shanghai RMB special stock listed on Shanghai Stock Exchange, and Erdos Cashmere Factory was renamed as "Erdos Cashmere Products Co., Ltd.".
Pay attention to the role of people.
On the one hand, it is to mobilize the enthusiasm of leading cadres. Zhao Mengyuan, the Party Committee of Yike, publicly promised to the society: "If I don't take off the poverty hat for three years, I will take off my jobs." The requirement for the bureau directly under the trade union is that if the work ranking of the departments in the autonomous region drops, the relevant leaders should be demoted. The Eight Banners in the League implement the "seating system". In terms of economic development speed and operation quality, the first flag award is 6,543,800 yuan, and the second flag award is 80,000 yuan, of which the secretary of the flag committee and the flag commander can each get 6,543,800 yuan. The last flag bearer was paid a salary cut in the first year and was dismissed in the second year. The economy of Dalat Banner declined, and the former Communist Youth League Committee resolutely and decisively adjusted. Therefore, the national flag soon took on a new look. On the other hand, fully cultivate and bring up an excellent team of entrepreneurs. The city has gradually established a mechanism of "rational communication, high-energy incentives and rigid constraints". "Rational communication" refers to understanding entrepreneurs, trusting and protecting entrepreneurs. Pay attention to and care about entrepreneurs politically and at work, and provide entrepreneurs with all-round and all-weather services. There is an unwritten rule in Ordos: the presidents of the three major enterprises have the right to meet the secretary of the municipal party Committee and the mayor anytime and anywhere. "High-energy motivation" refers to rewarding entrepreneurs who have made contributions and encouraging them to grow. "Rigid constraint" refers to the "risk appointment system" of entrepreneurs. Factory directors and managers can't take up their posts without paying the mortgage, and they are dismissed on the spot for two consecutive years. As a result, a number of outstanding entrepreneurs, such as Zhang, Zhang and others, have been created.