Yu Gong, a geographical work in the Spring and Autumn Period, records: "The Huaihe River leads from Tongbai, connects to Si and Yi in the east and enters the sea in the east". The ancient Huaihe River is roughly similar to the Huaihe River in the west of Xuyi today. After Xu Yi, he turned to the northeast, passed Huaiyin to the east, and entered the sea at the ladder in Lianshui County today. At that time, there was no Hongze Lake in the Huaihe River, the main channel was wide and deep, and there were no dikes along the Huaihe River. [4]
In the second year of Jianyan in the Southern Song Dynasty (1 128), in order to prevent the nomads from going south, Du Chong, the garrison commander of Tokyo (now Kaifeng), artificially burst its banks between Jixian County and Slippery County in Henan Province, causing the Yellow River to be diverted, and most of the Yellow River water flowed into the Huaihe River from Surabaya. In the fifth year of Shao Xi in the Southern Song Dynasty (1 194), the Yellow River was decided. Since then, the Huaihe River has been seized from the sea for a long time, and a large amount of sediment and silt have blocked the estuary. The depression between Xuyi and Huai 'an gradually formed this Hongze Lake, which rushed to the overflow dam of Huainan levee, entered baoying lake and gaoyou lake along Sanjiang, and entered the Yangtze River from Sanjiang Jiajiang via Shaobo Lake. [5]
Before the 1990s, the main stream to the west of Hongze Lake in Huaishui was roughly similar to the Huaihe River today, and its downstream flowed through Xuyi County, Jiangsu Province, then turned to the northeast, passing the ladder in the south of Xiangshui County in Huai 'an City. At that time, yi river, Shuhe and Sihe were all downstream tributaries of the Huaihe River. Because the Yellow River is "good at silting, settling and transporting", it has not only burst from the north shore for many times, silted the Haihe Plain, and the river channel moved to the northeast, but also burst from the south bank for many times, silted the Huaihe Plain, and the river channel moved to the southeast, taking the Huaihe River into the Yellow Sea. After the Yellow River captured the Huaihe River, the downstream delta extended eastward by about 50km. After the old course of the Huaihe River was silted up, the Huaihe River entered the Yangtze River from the estuary, and a part of the Yangtze River basin became the area of the Huaihe River basin. [5]
In the fifth year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (1855), the Yellow River moved northward again and diverted from Daqing River in Shandong Province into Bohai Sea. The old channel where the Huaihe River enters the sea has been silted into an abandoned Yellow River above the ground, which divides the Huaihe River basin into Huaihe River system and Yishu Sihe River system. [5]
1855, the Yellow River burst northward in lankao county, Henan Province, and entered the Bohai Sea via Lijin, Shandong Province. During the period of 1 194 ~ 1855 when the Yellow River captured the Huaihe River, the Yellow River burst from the south bank many times, and the Yellow River entered the main stream of the Huaihe River from the north bank tributary until the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
1938 during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, in order to prevent the Japanese army from advancing westward, the Kuomintang authorities blasted the south embankment of the Yellow River at Huayuankou near Zhengzhou, and the main stream of the Yellow River entered the Huaihe River from Heying River. It was not until 1947 that the Huayuankou was blocked and the Yellow River flooded for nine years, and the tributaries on the north bank of Huaihe River were once again generally destroyed.
Affected by the Yellow River's long-term occupation of the Huaihe River, the landform and water system have changed greatly, and Ji Gu, Juye River and Liangshan Lake have disappeared. The riverbed is generally silted up, leaving the abandoned riverbed of the Yellow River. Form new lakes such as Hongze Lake, Nansi Lake and Roman Lake. Therefore, before the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), the Huaihe River system was disordered, and the drainage was not smooth or there was no way out, resulting in a situation of "light rain in minor disasters, heavy rain in major disasters, and drought without rain". If the water in the middle reaches doesn't come, the water in the lower reaches can't flow out. This is a river that is difficult to control.
Huaihe River originates from Laoyacha, Tongbai Mountain, Nanyang City, Henan Province, and flows eastward.
Huai He River
Su Sansheng from Henan, Anhui and entered the Yangtze River at Sanjiang Camp, with a total length of1000km and a total drop of 200m. "Tongbai County Records" contains: "Huai, starting from Dafu (Dafu Peak, Taibaiding), next to it, is seen in Yangkou". "The Unified Records of Daming" contains: "Tongbai Mountain, Huaihe River comes out". The source of Huaihe River consists of 58 tributaries of Tongbai Mountain. The determination of the source of a river generally follows the principle of "the height is the source and the distance is the source". Hu Aijing is designated as the main source of the Huaihe River for three reasons: First, the water level is the highest among the 58 tributaries of the Huaihe River (1 140m), which is the farthest from the East China Sea; Second, Huaimiao was established here when Qin Shihuang was the emperor, and it was the place where the emperor offered sacrifices to the Huaihe River. 3. Records: Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty sent officials here twice to explore the source, and political envoy Jiang Lan and Henan Governor Bi Yuan both explored the real source of the Huaihe River here.