Lu Ban was born around 507 BC, whose real name is Gong Bo. Because "Xiang" and "Ban" are homophonic, he was a native of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, so he was called Lu Ban.

He is mainly engaged in carpentry. At that time, people had no good way to make trees into smooth boards. Luban observed carefully in practice, imitated biological forms, and invented many woodworking tools, such as saws and planers. How did Lu Ban invent the saw?

According to legend, once he went into a deep mountain to cut down a tree, he accidentally slipped, and his hand was cut by a leaf of a wild grass, oozing blood. He picked the leaves and touched them gently. It turns out that there are sharp teeth on both sides of the leaf. He scratched the back of the hand with these small, dense teeth and even scratched a hole.

His hand was cut by these little teeth. He also saw a big locust on a piece of wild grass, and many small teeth were arranged on two big dies, which could quickly grind the leaves. These two things inspired Lu Ban.

He thought, if there is such a toothed tool, wouldn't it be possible to cut down trees quickly? So after many experiments, he finally invented a sharp saw, which greatly improved the work efficiency.

2. Zhang Heng invented armillary sphere and seismograph.

In the history of China, there are many scientists besides scholars and emperors, and Zhang Heng is one of them. Zhang Heng has done many things in his life, but his most famous invention is the "seismograph". Earthquakes often occurred in that period. Sometimes several times a year. A big earthquake will bring a lot of harm to the people and the country.

At that time, the emperor and ordinary people regarded the earthquake as an ominous sign and thought it was caused by ghosts and gods. However, Zhang Heng does not believe in evil spirits. After careful investigation and experiment of recorded earthquake phenomena, he invented an instrument that can detect earthquakes, called "seismograph".

The seismograph is made of bronze and looks like a jar. There are eight dragons around it, and the faucet extends in eight directions. Every dragon has a small copper ball in its mouth. There is a toad with a big mouth under the tap.

When there is an earthquake in any direction, the dragon mouth in that direction will automatically open and spit out copper balls. The copper ball fell into toad's mouth and made a loud noise, telling people that there was an earthquake there.

3. Cai Lun papermaking?

Since ancient times, people in China have written or carved characters on bamboo pieces and then compiled them into books. Silk used for writing is called paper. Silk is expensive and bamboo slips are too heavy for people to use. Cai Lun then came up with a way to make paper from bark, hemp head, rags and fishing nets. In the first year of Yuanxing (the year number of Emperor Gaozu and Emperor Wudi of Han Dynasty), the emperor praised his talents and used his paper from then on, hence the name "Cai Hou Paper".

4. Shang Yang Reform

During the Warring States Period, Qin Xiaogong, king of Qin, was determined to reform and recruit talents. Shang Yang entered the State of Qin from defending the country, and put forward a set of reform and innovation development strategies, such as abandoning mineral fields, attaching importance to agriculture and mulberry, rewarding meritorious military service, implementing unified quantity and establishing county system, which won his trust and made him a regular.

In 356 BC and 350 BC, two reforms were carried out with the main content of "abandoning ore fields to open buildings, implementing the county system, rewarding farmers and fighting, and implementing the method of sitting together". ?

After Shang Yang's political reform, Qin's economy developed, and the fighting capacity of the army continued to strengthen, and it developed into the most powerful centralized country in the late Warring States period.

5. Zheng Banqiao is primitive and complete.

Zheng Banqiao was a painter and writer, and one of the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou" in Qing Dynasty. He loved calligraphy since childhood and was determined to master the essence of ancient and modern calligraphy. He studied hard and practiced hard, but at first he just copied famous copybooks repeatedly and made little progress, which was deeply distressing. It is said that once I was fascinated by practicing calligraphy, I actually painted on my wife's back. When his wife asked him what he was doing, he said he was practicing calligraphy.

His wife scolded lightly: "everyone has a body, and your body is your body;" The human body is the human body. What do you always wrap on others? " Hearing this, Zheng Banqiao suddenly realized that calligraphy is original and self-contained. It always plagiarizes other people's inscriptions. How can we do that? Since then, he has worked hard to innovate, explored the skills of painting bamboo in calligraphy art, and finally formed his own unique style-Banqiao style.

References:

Baidu encyclopedia-Cai Lun papermaking

Baidu Encyclopedia-Zhang Heng

Baidu encyclopedia-chainsaw fright

Baidu Encyclopedia-Shang Yang Reform

Baidu Encyclopedia-Banqiao Style