The principle of atomic bomb explosion is that heavy nuclei, such as uranium or plutonium, are easy to fission and release huge energy at the moment of fission. The atomic bomb consists of detonation control system, high-energy explosive, reflecting layer, nuclear components containing nuclear charge, neutron source and shell.
It is a kind of nuclear weapon made by nuclear principle, which was first developed by the United States. It has very strong destructive power and lethality. At the same time, the explosion will release strong nuclear radiation, which will harm biological tissues.
Nuclear weapon refers to a weapon that uses the energy released by self-sustaining nuclear fission or fusion reaction to produce explosion and has a large-scale killing effect.
Among them, fission weapons are mainly made by using the fission chain reaction principle of heavy nuclei such as uranium 235(_U) or plutonium 239(_Pu), and are usually called atomic bombs. Thermonuclear weapons or fusion weapons are mainly made by using the thermonuclear reaction principle of light nuclei such as heavy hydrogen (daoH, deuterium) or overweight hydrogen (chuanH, tritium), and are usually called hydrogen bombs.
Extended data
The explosion of nuclear weapons not only releases huge energy, but also the nuclear reaction process is very rapid and can be completed in microseconds. Therefore, extremely high temperature is formed in a small area around the explosion of nuclear weapons, and the surrounding air is heated and compressed to expand rapidly, resulting in high-pressure shock waves. Nuclear explosions on the ground and in the air will also form fireballs in the surrounding air, giving off strong optical radiation.
Nuclear reaction will also produce all kinds of rays and radioactive material fragments; The intense pulse rays radiated outward interact with the surrounding substances, causing the process of current growth and disappearance, resulting in electromagnetic pulses. These characteristics, which are different from the explosion of chemical explosives, make nuclear weapons have unique destructive effects such as strong shock wave, optical radiation, early nuclear radiation, radioactive contamination and nuclear electromagnetic pulse.
The emergence of nuclear weapons has had a great impact on the strategy and tactics of modern warfare.
Baidu encyclopedia-atomic bomb