1. Size comparison
The relationship between size and shape is one of the most important elements, which can almost determine the relationship between image and harmony. There is little difference in size, which gives people a gentle feeling, but there is a big difference in size, which gives people a distinct feeling and a strong feeling.
2. Contrast between light and shade
Yin and yang, positive and negative, day and night, etc., such comparative sentences can make people feel the relationship between light and shade in daily life. Newborn babies can only distinguish light and shade visually at first, while animals such as cows and dogs can only simply distinguish black and white, but they can't easily distinguish chromaticity or hue. Therefore, light and shade (black and white) is the most basic element in color sense.
3. Thickness comparison
The thicker the font, the more masculine it is. If it represents fashion and women, it is usually expressed in small print. If the weight of fine words increases, the coarse words will decrease, so that the collocation looks brighter.
4. Comparison between curve and straight line
The curve is full of softness and relaxation; The straight line is hard, sharp and masculine. In nature, the two are properly mixed. Usually, we don't pay attention to this relationship. However, when a curve or a straight line emphasizes a certain shape, we have a deep impression and corresponding emotions. So in order to deepen the impression of the curve, we often use some straight lines to emphasize it. In other words, a few straight lines will make the curve more eye-catching.
5. Texture contrast
In ordinary people's daily life, we may rarely hear the word texture, but in art, texture is a very important shaping element. Such as a sense of relaxation, smoothness, wetness, etc. Are descriptions of texture. Therefore, texture not only expresses emotion, but also blends with it.
When we observe a painter's works, we often pay attention to the composition of color and painting. In fact, texture is the main factor that determines the style of the work. Although colors or objects will change, the basic texture is closely related to a painter's nature and is not easy to change. It is easy for laymen to overlook this point. In fact, this is the most important basic element, and it also has the strongest influence on emotion.
6. Comparison of positions
Placing an object on both sides of the picture can not only play an emphasis role, but also produce contrast. There are potential power points in the top, bottom, left, right and diagonal of the picture, and the hidden power can be displayed by arranging photos, titles or signs and marks. At this power point. Therefore, in the potentially opposite position, placing completely different modeling elements can show contrast and produce a compact picture.
7. Comparison between master equipment and slave equipment
Layout design is the same as stage design. When the relationship between the protagonist and the supporting role is clear, the audience's psychology will settle down. Clearly indicating the master-slave technique is a very orthodox composition method, which will make people feel at ease. If the relationship between the two is vague, people will be at a loss. On the other hand, if the protagonist is too strong, he will lose his sense of movement and become a vulgar picture.
The protagonist in the play will be known to everyone at a glance. If the layout can also show who is the protagonist, it will make readers know more about the content. Therefore, the master-slave relationship is the basic condition of design and configuration.
8. Comparison between dynamic and static
The beginning of a story has a beginning, a description, a change and a result. In a courtyard, there are rockeries, pools, vegetation, waterfalls and so on. Similarly, there are intense dynamic and quiet parts in the design and configuration.
The shape of diffusion or flow is "dynamic". Horizontal or vertical rebar shapes are "static". The two are arranged in opposite places, and the "moving" part occupies a large area.
The "quiet" part occupies a small area, with appropriate white space around it to emphasize its independence. This arrangement is generally used to configure the key points of the four corners of the picture. Therefore, although the "quiet" part only occupies a small area, it has a strong sense of existence.
9. Various comparisons
There are also various contrasts between curves and straight lines, vertical and horizontal, acute and obtuse angles. If we combine the contrast mentioned above with these elements, we can make a varied picture.
10. Fluctuation
The space of the whole layout is dynamic because of various forces, and then dominates the space. Dynamic shape and dynamic shape cooperate with each other to make the spatial change more vivid.
When we want to build a rockery garden, we should pay great attention to the outlet of running water, because the outlet of running water is the starting point of the movement, and the whole garden will be affected by it. When it comes to layout, the principle is the same, and the starting point and the receiving point will echo each other and coordinate with each other. The greater the distance between the two, the more obvious the effect, and both ends of the screen can be used. However, special attention should be paid to the balance between the starting point and the receiving point, and the strength should be appropriately changed. If one side is too weak, it will not resonate.
1 1. Map and ground
When the light and shade are reversed, the relationship between the map and the ground will change. Generally, printed matter is printed in Braille on white paper, in which white paper is called ground and black text is called map. On the contrary, sometimes the effect of anti-white characters is printed on black paper. At this time, the black background is the ground and the white characters are pictures, which is the phenomenon of black-and-white conversion.
12. Keep the balance
When walking and kicking a big stone, your body will fall down because you lose your balance. At this time, it is natural to stretch out a hand or a foot quickly to keep the balance of the body. According to this natural principle, if we change the position of each part of a good original and compare it with the original, it is easy to understand the composition principle of the sense of balance.
13. Symmetry
Starting from one point and spreading to the left and right at the same time is called left-right symmetry, which is called symmetry in English. Complex states such as vortex shapes can be developed by applying the principle of symmetry.
In daily life, there are indeed many common symmetrical things, such as the configuration of Buddha statues or the configuration of Japanese shrines. Symmetry will show the image of Gauguin harmony and stylization. [Page]
14. emphasize
The layout of the same style, without affecting the style, will have an emphasis effect by adding appropriate changes. Focus on breaking the monotony of the layout, so that the layout is full of vitality, vividness and change. For example, the layout is all arranged in words, which looks very dull. If you add illustrations or photos, it is like a stone thrown into calm water, causing waves of ripples.
15. proportion
The characteristic of Greek art is "golden ratio". When designing the length, width and height of buildings and the types and positions of columns, if we can refer to the "golden ratio", we can produce a unique architectural style in Greece and a stable and moderately tense visual effect. Length ratio, width ratio, area ratio, etc. , can play the same role as other shaping elements, showing an excellent image. Therefore, it is very important to use an appropriate proportion.
16. rhythm
Shapes with a common impression will have a sense of rhythm if they are arranged repeatedly. You don't have to use the same shape, as long as you are impressed. Three or four appearances can create a relaxed sense of rhythm. Sometimes only using feature modeling twice will produce a sense of rhythm.
17. Left and right center of gravity
There are subtle differences between left and right in people's feelings. Because there is a particularly attractive place in the lower right corner. When considering the balance between left and right, how to deal with this place has become a key issue.
Human vision is more natural for the flow from the upper right to the lower left. When arranging words, leave the lower right corner blank to arrange titles and illustrations, which will produce a natural flow. If it is reversed, it will lose its balance and appear unnatural. This sense of balance in the left and right directions may be related to people being right-handed!
18. centralization and diffusion
In our emotions, we are always aware of the central part of things. Although we look at things carelessly, deep down, we always want to detect the central part, which seems to be the case, so that we can feel safe, which constitutes the visual centripetal force. Generally speaking, heart-shaped looks gentle, which is also a popular way, but it is easy to become mediocre. Centrifugal typesetting can be called diffusion. Examples of common diffusion in modern arrangements.
19. Jump rate
In layout design, the size of the title must be determined according to the content. The ratio of title to article size is called jump rate. The greater the jump rate, the more lively the layout; The smaller the jump rate, the higher the layout style. According to this scale, it is easy to judge the effect of layout. After the title and font size of this article are determined, it is also a considerable knowledge to consider the proportional relationship between the two sides and how to further adjust it.
20. Unity and reconciliation
If too much emphasis is placed on contrast, too much space is reserved or too many shaping elements are added, it is easy to cause confusion in the picture. To reconcile this phenomenon, it is best to add some common shaping elements to make the picture have a common style and a sense of overall unity and harmony.
Reusing things with the same shape can make the layout feel harmonious. If you put things with the same shape together, you can have a continuous feeling. The combination of them can produce a unified and harmonious effect.
2 1. conductor
According to the direction seen by the eyes or the direction pointed by the object, a guide line is generated in the layout, which is called a wire. Designers often use metal wires to make the whole picture more eye-catching when composing.
22. Image of form
Generally speaking, the four corners (corner version) are standard forms, and other forms belong to deformation. The four corners of the corner version are at right angles, giving people a sense of regularity and few expressions, while other deformations present various expressions. For example, a triangle that becomes an acute angle has a sharp and distinct feeling; The shape is close to a circle, and it has a gentle and weak feeling.
The same curve has different expressions. For example, a circle drawn with a ruler and instruments has a hard texture, while a circle drawn by hand has a soft round curve.
23. Horizontal line
At dusk, the horizon and the sunset blend together, and at dawn, a brilliant sunrise rises from the horizon. The horizontal line gives people a sense of stability and composure. No matter the beginning or the end of a matter, the horizontal line always expresses a static moment.
24. Vertical line
The sense of activity of vertical lines is just the opposite of that of horizontal lines. Vertical lines represent upward activities, with a tough and rational image, which makes the layout appear calm and bright. If the verticality is unreasonably emphasized, it will become cold and stiff, making it difficult to get close.
The contrast between vertical lines and horizontal lines can make their properties more distinct, which not only makes the picture feel compact, but also avoids the cold and rigid situation, complements each other and makes the layout more complete.
25. sunny day, cloudy day
From the dark cave, when looking at the bright scene outside, the characters in the cave are always represented by outlines, while the scenery outside needs to be carefully drawn. This is an incredible space to grasp the daily situation and abnormal light and shade at the same time.
The normal light and dark state is called "sunny", and vice versa. When composing a composition, we can draw new images with different daily feelings by using the light-dark relationship between sunny days and cloudy days.
26. Blank amount
The fast-talking way is suitable for the evening news broadcast, not for the host, because there is too little white space in every sentence. It is also important to talk about the amount of white space in layout design. Even the same photo, the same sentence will be difficult to express the exact image because of the amount of blank space. No matter how balanced the layout is, no matter how beautiful the article is, readers will give it a good score as soon as they see the blank space of the layout.
27. Page rate
On design paper, the typesetting area used in this paper is called layout, and the proportion of layout to the whole page area is called layout rate. The amount of white space has a decisive influence on the impression of the layout. If the blank part is added, the style will be improved and the typesetting will be more stable; Leaving less white space will make people feel lively. It is obviously not suitable to use more blank space when designing informative magazine pages.