The full name of Soviet Russia is Russian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic (1922, after the founding of the Soviet Union, Soviet Russia became the largest participating republic of the Soviet Union). 1917165438+10. On 7 October, the October Revolution led by Lenin and Trotsky was won and the Russian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic was founded. 1922 12.30 Soviet Russia, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic and Transcaucasian Soviet Socialist Federal Republic (including Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic, Armenia Soviet Socialist Republic and Georgia Soviet Socialist Republic) formally formed the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. 19911On February 25th, the Soviet Union disintegrated and the Supreme Soviet of Soviet Russia decided to change its name to Russian Federation.
1917165438+10. On October 7th, it won the great victory of the October socialist revolution and established the first socialist state power in the world-the Russian Soviet Socialist Republic. Shortly after the founding of the Republic, after three years of arduous civil war, the armed intervention of 14 imperialist countries and the armed rebellion of landlords and capitalists were crushed and the Soviet regime was defended. 1922 12.30 The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was formally established.
The establishment of the Russian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic (the victory of the October Revolution) ushered in a new era of human history and opened the way for the proletarian revolution and the colonial and semi-colonial national liberation movement all over the world.
19221On October 6th, the plenary session of the Central Committee of the Russian Communist Party (Bolshevik) adopted Lenin's proposal to establish a new country. 1922, 1922 On February 20th, 2022, Soviet Socialist Republics such as Soviet Russia, Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic and Transcaucasian Soviet Socialist Federal Republic merged to form the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. 1922 On the evening of February 30th, the first Soviet Congress of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was held in Moscow. Stalin made a report on the establishment of the Soviet Union at the meeting. Lenin did not attend the meeting due to illness and was promoted to honorary chairman of the meeting. The congress adopted the declaration of the founding of the Soviet Union. The Union Treaty adopted by the General Assembly stipulates that the Union Soviet Congress is the highest organ of state power and the Union People's Committee is the executive organ. The treaty also specifically stipulates that the participating republics reserve the right to freely withdraw from the alliance (which is also the legal basis for the disintegration of the Soviet Union). 1924, Lenin died, 1925, Stalin gained the supreme power of the Soviet Union. After Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin was elected General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee. Stalin took the planned economy as the guarantee and led the country to carry out large-scale industrialization, making the Soviet Union once the country with the highest industrial output value in Europe. Soviet agriculture did not get enough attention in Stalin's large-scale industrialization. Agriculture has been mechanized, but the mistake of collective farm policy has caused the agricultural output value of the Soviet Union to drop seriously, reaching only the level of 19 13.
Under Stalin's leadership, the Soviet Union greatly transformed its mode of economic production, transforming it into a heavy industry and military power, and becoming the first economic power in Europe and the second in the world.
During 1932 ~ 1933, a great famine broke out in Ukraine, killing 2.5-4.8 million people. At that time, the agricultural collectivization policy promoted by the Soviet Union partly aggravated the spread of famine and hindered farmers' enthusiasm for production. After Ukraine's independence, western politicians and some scholars thought that the Great Famine of 1932 ~ 1933 was the ethnic cleansing and genocide of Ukraine by the Soviet Union.
In 1930s, Stalin launched a purge (counter-revolution) movement, during which at least 654.38+500,000 people were killed. The total number of victims is still unknown, and the number of labor camps (gulags) in the Soviet Union has also increased greatly. Any reactionary or inappropriate officials and generals will be put into labor camps or even shot. Because Stalin's purge movement was mainly aimed at the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the top Soviet officials, ordinary people in the Soviet Union still loved Stalin. Since 1930s, the West has adopted the policy of appeasement to appease Hitler, making the Soviet Union feel that the Western countries are trying to "bring disaster to the East" from fascism. The Soviet Union repeatedly proposed to form an alliance with Britain and France to establish a common European defense system, but all failed. On the contrary, German Foreign Minister ribbentrop repeatedly proposed to the Soviet Union to improve relations between the two countries. 1939, the Soviet union adopted the strategy of "pushing the disaster to the west" and finally signed a secret non-aggression treaty with Germany.
After the outbreak of World War II, according to the sphere of influence divided by the treaty, the Soviet Union sent troops to carve up Poland with Germany, invaded Finland, and occupied parts of Eastern Europe in the name of "establishing the Eastern Front to prevent German invasion". Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania were forcibly merged into the Soviet Union, which accelerated the neighboring countries to move closer to the fascist axis countries. 1939, the Soviet Union launched the Soviet-Finnish War and retaken the land occupied by Finland with great casualties. The Soviet-Finnish War fully reflected the backwardness of Soviet heavy industry.
1941On June 22nd, Nazi Germany unilaterally tore up the Soviet-German non-aggression treaty and launched a surprise attack on the Soviet Union, thus maximizing the scale of World War II. The Soviet Red Army suffered heavy losses at the beginning of the war. In the first week, the Soviet Union lost 900 planes, thousands of cannons, 1000 tanks and dozens of regular divisions. The Soviet-German battlefield became the main battlefield of the European continent.