The Reform Movement of 1898, also known as the Reform Movement of 1898, the Reform Movement and the Reform Movement, is a bourgeois reform movement represented by Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao in the late Qing Dynasty, which advocated learning from the West, advocating science and culture, reforming politics and education systems, and developing agriculture, industry and commerce through Emperor Guangxu.
The Reform Movement of 1898 was implemented in June 1898+0 1. Its main contents include: reforming government institutions, abolishing redundant staff and appointing reformers; Encourage private enterprises to set up industrial and mining enterprises.
Open new schools to attract talents, translate western books and spread new ideas; Establish newspapers and open their opinions; At the same time, it is stipulated that the imperial examination should abolish stereotyped writing, redundant yamen and useless official positions. However, because the reform harmed the interests of the old school headed by Empress Dowager Cixi, it was strongly resisted and opposed.
Extended data:
The Reform Movement of 1898, also known as the Hundred Days Reform, was a bourgeois reformist political movement in China from 65438 to 0898.
1898 1 month, kang Youwei wrote to the emperor and put forward three reform plans: immediately announce the implementation of the reform; Broaden the channels, officials at all levels have the right to play to the emperor; Comprehensively reform political institutions. After the petition, Kang Youwei and other reformists organized societies, founded newspapers and publicized the idea of political reform in various places. The reformist movement has made great progress, and more and more people are in favor of political reform.
At that time, China was in danger of being carved up by imperialism. In February, Kang Youwei rushed to Beijing from Guangzhou, and wrote to Emperor Guangxu for the fifth time, earnestly explaining that if no political reform was carried out, not only the country was in danger, but even the emperor wanted to be an ordinary people.
At that time, there were two factions in the ruling clique of Qing Dynasty: the "post-party" headed by Empress Dowager Cixi and the "imperial party" headed by Emperor Guangxu. Empress Dowager Cixi and others hold real power and resolutely oppose all political innovations.
In order to strengthen his power, confront the "post-party" represented by Empress Dowager Cixi, safeguard his own interests and keep his throne, Emperor Guangxu hoped to introduce new people through political reform, seize real power, improve his situation and support political reform activities. On June 1898, 1 1 day, Emperor Guangxu officially announced the political reform and accepted the political program of the reformists.
Under the influence and direct participation of the reformists, from June of1/kloc-0 to September of February1,Emperor Guangxu issued dozens of orders to implement the New Deal, reforming feudal politics, economy, culture and education.
Its main contents include: setting up the General Administration of Railway Mining and the General Administration of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce in the central government; Provinces set up business bureaus to promote industrial and commercial development; Streamlining the old yamen and officials; Abolish stereotyped writing and reform the examination system; Allow the free establishment of newspapers and associations; Reward scientific inventions and so on.
These orders were issued like snowflakes, causing great shock throughout the country. Of course, there are many people who support them, but those who oppose them are more dominant. In addition to the group headed by Empress Dowager Cixi, most local officials in the provinces are also conservative bureaucrats. They regard Empress Dowager Cixi as their patron and simply ignore these reform orders.
Various die-hard conservative forces have formed a United front against reform. The reformists have no actual strength to compete with the die-hards except for an emperor who has no real power. They dare not rely on the masses and have no army in their hands. Therefore, although the reform movement is vigorous on the surface, it may be strangled by the die-hards at any time.
In September of 2 1 year, Empress Dowager Cixi staged a coup, imprisoned Emperor Guangxu in Yingtai, Zhongnanhai, and abolished all the New Deal decrees. A large number of reformers were killed, and important reformers Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao fled abroad. This bourgeois reformist reform only lasted 103 days and failed under the counterattack of the old forces. This is the famous "Reform Movement of 1898" in history.
People's Network-1898 June 1 1 The Reform Movement of 1898 began.