# Jinan Qianfoshan Temple Fair
According to the custom of Jinan, people climb mountains in Qianfo Mountain and stand on the "Chrysanthemum Appreciation Rock" to enjoy chrysanthemums on September 9th in the summer calendar every year. Since the Yuan Dynasty, September 9th has been designated as the Thousand Foshan Temple Fair. Persimmons are abundant near Qianfo Mountain, especially in large boxes. During the temple fair, boxes of persimmons are mature and listed, and people who rush to the temple fair will buy more persimmons to go home. Therefore, Qianfoshan Temple Fair is called "Persimmon Fair". During the temple fair every year, there are more than 1000 fixed and mobile booths on both sides of the mountain road, which is more than one kilometer from the foot of the mountain to the middle of the mountain in xingguo temple, dealing in daily necessities, local products, snacks and handicrafts. Folk art groups inside and outside the province perform acrobatics, circus, songs and dances, etc. At the temple fair, there was a huge crowd and it was very lively.
# Jinan Drug Fair
Jinan Pharmaceutical Fair has been rising since the early Qing Dynasty. It is one of the three major pharmaceutical fairs in China, and its scale is slightly smaller than that of qi zhou in Hebei (now Anguo) and Yuzhou in Henan (now Yuxian). In ancient times, there was Wang Yao Temple west of the south gate of Baotu Spring in Jinan. It is said that April 28th in the Gregorian calendar is Wang Yao's birthday. On this day every year, many drug dealers, farmers and people go to Wang Yao Temple to offer sacrifices. The temple hosted a troupe performance and the audience was crowded. Drug dealers and farmers brought all kinds of Chinese herbal medicines and proprietary Chinese medicines for sale here, and other businessmen also brought all kinds of commodities to trade here, with tens of thousands of buyers and sellers, thus forming a pattern centered on Wang Yao Temple. The number of people rushing to the meeting increased year by year, and the meeting place was moved from the south gate of Baotu Spring to Shanshuigou, Sanhe Street, Zhengjue Temple Street, Shuanglong Street, Quanmen Lane and Tanxiang. 193 1 After the establishment of Jinan Chinese Medicine Association, the drug market changed from March 20th in the summer calendar, and the duration was generally 10 ~ 15 days. Northeast China, North China, South China and other provinces and cities, as well as drug farmers and drug dealers from all over Shandong, as well as drug dealers from Incheon, South Korea, also came to catch up with the meeting that year. After the July 7th Incident, the drug market declined year by year, and it was not until the liberation of Jinan that the drug market gradually recovered. In the ten years after the founding of the People's Republic of China, the pharmaceutical market will flourish, with hundreds of thousands of people attending the conference every year. The "Cultural Revolution" began at 1966, and the Jinan pharmaceutical market with a history of several hundred years was stopped. In the late 1970s, the Qianfoshan Temple Fair in Jinan resumed, and drug dealers and farmers flocked to the Qianfoshan Temple Fair, so the trade of Chinese herbal medicines became a part of the Qianfoshan Temple Fair.
# On July 30th, let the river lights go.
In Jinan, in the past, every night on July 30th, Buddhist temples held bonsai meetings to educate Buddhist scriptures. Some people want to burn a large number of incense sticks on the walls and tunnels in the yard and stick them on the ground to show their piety to the earth treasure king. Others turn out the ghosts who died in the river in the form of river lanterns. It is said that the 30th day of the seventh lunar month is the day when the Tibetan King and Bodhisattva became monks. When he became a Taoist, he vowed to save all the sinful people. Therefore, July 30th became a day to turn over the dead.
River lanterns are made of wet noodles. After drying, pour the soybean oil into the lamp bowl, rub it into a wick with cotton, light it, put it into the river and let it flow downstream. At this time, I saw the bright lights on the river, twinkling and fluttering, and the river was red. It is said that the drowning "ghost" in the river can be super-living when it sees light. Setting off river lanterns is a superstitious activity of Buddhism.
At that time, the Taoist priest of the Arctic Temple on the north bank of Daming Lake in Jinan also turned over the dead on the 30 th day of the seventh lunar month. They chant Buddhist scriptures during the day, entertain the "benefactors" who come to the temple to burn incense, find paper-binding workers, paste them into large "French boats" and put them in the lake in front of the temple to attract tourists. In the evening, the Taoist priests put on colorful and resplendent vestments, blew cymbals and sheng flutes, lined up dozens of steps from the Arctic Temple and burned their heads in front of the French boat. At the same time, they burned the French ship tied with colored paper. For a time, the flames were blazing, and the lake was brightly lit, which caused a sensation throughout Jinan City. As a result, temples and lakes are crowded with people. After liberation, with the destruction of feudal superstition, activities such as "putting river lanterns" have disappeared.
# Jinan Folk Custom Hu Ming Stepped on Lotus Roots
Jinan is rich in lotus roots, especially in Hu Ming. Before the liberation of Daming Lake, at that time, except for the water and navigation channels around Lixiating, the rest of the water crisscrossed, forming paddy fields. On the paddy field, there is a lotus in the east and a cattail in the west. Earth dams stop water, and reeds cover lotus flowers, which is endless. Because the water is deep and the mud layer is thick, we can only plant lotus root, Bly and so on. Picking lotus roots, you can only go into the water and step on it with your feet. Therefore, stepping on lotus roots in Huming Lake has become a traditional custom in Jinan.
When stepping on the lotus root, the person stepping on the lotus root wears a leather waterproof "jumpsuit". Leather clothing softens when it meets water, so the wearer can use it freely in water. I saw my head or fur coat flowing on the water, which was very rhythmic. This is the lotus root surfer who explores the lotus root underwater with his feet. After finding the lotus root branch, you need to find a suitable lotus root node, then step on it hard, and a fresh lotus root will be broken off from the root, then dig out the water in the lotus root with your feet, grab a piece of black mud on the lotus root and apply it outside the fracture to avoid pouring water. Because there is air in the lotus root, it can float on the water, otherwise it will sink into the water. Finally, collect the lotus roots floating on the water and sell them in the market.
# Jinan Folk Lantern
The Baotu Spring Lantern Festival in Jinan is a large-scale lantern festival that reflects Jinan folk customs. It is held every year after the Spring Festival, providing rich and unique cultural feasts for citizens and tourists at home and abroad. Lantern Festival highlights the folk customs of old Jinan, and embodies the folk activities such as fairs, pear flower drums, tea art and dragon boat races in old Jinan, as well as agricultural festivals such as July 7th, Beggar's Day, Mid-Autumn Festival, Flower Festival and Dragon Head Raising.
# Bitongyin
Lotus plays an important role in Jinan people's life. In the use of lotus, Jinan has some special customs. Among them, the most interesting is the blue tube drink.
According to the records of Ren Duan in Youyang Miscellanies in the Tang Dynasty, in ancient times, when the lotus flowers in Daming Lake were in full bloom, some officials and scholars often went to the lake to escape the summer. They cut off the big lotus leaves in the lake, filled them with wine, and then stabbed them in the center with hairpins to make them communicate with the hollow lotus stems. People drink wine from the end of the lotus stem, and the taste, in the words of the literati who experienced it at that time, is "the wine is mixed with lotus fragrance, and the fragrance is better than water cooling." This is the beautiful talk "Bitong Drink" handed down by literati in Tang and Song Dynasties.
In addition to serving wine, Jinan lotus leaf can also be used to make many special foods. For example, fresh and green lotus leaves are slightly scalded with hot water, covered with porridge when cooking, and the cooked porridge is cooled with sugar, which is called "lotus leaf porridge" and is a famous snack in Jinan in summer; According to the production method of "rice flour meat" or "steamed meat", the pork is cut, the rice is fried and mixed with soy sauce, then the tender lotus leaf produced in Daming Lake is selected, washed, a piece of pork is wrapped in the lotus leaf with a proper amount of fried rice, spread in a bowl, placed in a steamer and steamed to obtain "lotus seed meat". Eating is eating meat with lotus leaves, which is delicious with pork and the fragrance of lotus leaves, especially delicious. Similarly, you can also make fine dishes such as lotus leaf chicken and lotus leaf fish. In addition, wrapping food with lotus leaves is also a unique custom in Jinan. In the past, many steamed buns, pot stickers, cooked meat and pickles sold in food stores were wrapped in lotus leaves, which were neither oil-permeable nor water-permeable, and had a fragrant taste, which was very popular among people.
In addition, people in Jinan used to eat lotus. Among them, "fried lotus petals" is a famous dish unique to Jinan in summer. Wash fresh, complete and clean lotus petals, hang a thin layer of egg paste, fry in oil pan, sprinkle with white sugar after frying, and eat in your mouth. They are delicious, memorable and deeply loved by people.
# Qu Yi
Since the Han Dynasty, the fourth day of the first three months of the lunar calendar has been designated as "Shangsi". On this day, people go to the seaside to wash, in order to eliminate the ominous, called "repair." After Wei and Jin Dynasties, he decided that this day was the third day of March. After this day's retreat, people will hold picnics, banquets and feasts of poetry and wine. Recreational people sit in rows by the winding water, put wine into cups, put it on trays, and put it on the water in the upper reaches of the stream to make it float downstream. When the cup floats to a tortuous corner, it often stops; Even if you don't stop at the previous corner, you will stop at the next corner. Whoever stops in front of the glass has to drink and sing a poem after drinking. If he fails poetry, he will be fined. This is called "meandering water flow" or "meandering water flow". In the record of Jingchu Chunqiu, the Jin Dynasty recorded that "on March 3rd, the gentry came out of the river pond, which was a glass of water". As early as the Northern Wei Dynasty, the literati in Jinan and Qushuiting Street built the Qushuiliu Cup Pool. Li Daoyuan of the Northern Wei Dynasty wrote in the book "Notes on Water Classics": "The spring source competes under the calendar temple, and the northward flow experiences the east and the north. The water diversion is a cup pool, and the state banquet is mostly public and private." Liu Beichi is now Wang Fu Pool. The water in the pool flows northward and twists and turns eastward, and it has reached Qushuiting Street. At that time, it was an ideal place for meandering water, with clear streams, willows and soft grass.
Qushuiting Street is now located in the north of Pearl Spring and south of Baihuazhou on Daming Lake. The Qushui Pavilion is still there, but the stream has no twists and turns, and the Shuige has already been demolished. But if you follow the current, from Wangfuchi to Qifeng Bridge, you can still vaguely find traces of meandering back and meandering water. Especially in this area, there is also a spring city style of "every family springs and every household hangs down". Although you can't see the "meandering water flow" here, the beauty here is enough to make people linger.
# "Eat Spring"
People in Jinan like to eat Toona sinensis. Toona sinensis is a kind of tree with fragrant and edible leaves. In the Qing Dynasty, people called picking and eating young leaves of Toona sinensis in spring "eating spring", which means welcoming the New Year. Zhonggong area in the suburb of Jinan is rich in Toona sinensis. Every spring, when Toona sinensis sprouts and grows leaves, it is also the time for Jinan people to "eat spring". At this time, farmers will break off tender purple or light green buds and take them to the market to sell; People who like to "eat spring" rush to buy them home and taste the sweetness of spring. Toona sinensis can be eaten in many ways. And Jinan's "stinky tofu mixed with Toona sinensis buds" is even more famous. People wash the buds or tender leaves of Toona sinensis, marinate them with salt, rub them and marinate them for about one night. When in use, the pickled Toona sinensis bud is cut into powder, then the steamed diced tofu and Toona sinensis bud powder are put into a plate, sprinkled with refined salt, and added with sesame oil and mixed evenly. Another way is to "fry Toona sinensis"-wash the tender Toona sinensis, drain the water, add salt and knead it evenly, then dip it evenly in the adjusted batter, fry it in hot oil and take it out to eat. It is crisp and fragrant. Because the whole Toona sinensis looks like a fish after being fried, it is also called "fried Toona sinensis fish" in Jinan.
# Jinan's Laba New Year Painting "Porcelain Stove"
Drinking laba porridge and soaking laba vinegar indicates the message of Chinese New Year. Laba porridge originated from Buddhism. According to legend, Sakyamuni became a monk in Laba after he got the milk porridge of the shepherdess. Later, the monks cooked porridge for the Buddha as a souvenir. Laba porridge is made of millet, glutinous rice, adzuki bean and yellow rice. The beauty of Laba porridge lies in the porridge fruit, including red dates, chestnuts, walnuts, peanuts, longan meat and so on. Wash rice and cook beans in the middle of the night, peel the shells and kernels, cook them in the morning, and have a family dinner to feed the neighbors. On this day, "Laba vinegar" will be soaked: white and full garlic cloves will be soaked in a small jar of vinegar, sealed and dipped in jiaozi for the New Year. From Laba to New Year's Eve for more than 20 days, the garlic flavor melted into the vinegar, making the sour and spicy taste moderate. Hot jiaozi dipped in Laba vinegar, sprayed with garlic on the nose, appetizing.
In the past, after Laba in Jinan, firecrackers, large and small, were put on the streets. After the fifteenth day of the twelfth lunar month, the "flavor of the year" became stronger and stronger, and the shouts of "Please come to the kitchen god" and "Imperial calendar-new imperial calendar-"came from the alley of the long street, which cut through the lonely winter sky. The sales of new year's goods on the street are increasing day by day, and the booth of New Year pictures is particularly eye-catching. Colorful New Year pictures hang on the roadside in the faint haze of firecrackers and gunpowder. New Year pictures are mainly from Yangjiabu, Weifang, and occasionally from Shanghai. Its contents can be roughly divided into four categories: auspicious celebrations, customs, stories and dramas, with twenty or thirty kinds of each category. One of them, marrying a mouse, is quite interesting: more than a dozen mice are wearing red vests, with round ears and pointed mouths. Some carry flags, some carry lanterns, some carry sedan chairs, some knock gongs and play suona ... and there is a mouse bride with tassels sitting in a dragon and phoenix sedan chair, which is famous for its etiquette. I remember a senior once wrote a poem, saying, "A mouse is close today, and lanterns and torches make a scene. As usual, the bride is dressed in red and has ten beards. "
At that time, there was a black-faced gold tooth in the Quanyechang south of Baotuquan Road, and his New Year picture booth was the largest. He has a high voice and sells paintings with funny words, such as holding a photo of a family portrait and shouting, "Look! Look, bang! Family photos of children and grandchildren, steamed buns (jiaozi) are served, the whip is lit, and the old man has a piece of meat after drinking a glass of wine with his beard. This is a great blessing! " Make people smile.
Around the twentieth day of the twelfth lunar month, the kitchen candy seller went on the market. Cooking candy is the offering of "king of people" on the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month (Jinan people call it "giving stove"). For thousands of years, there have been different legends about the kitchen god everywhere. There is a legend in Jinan that after Zhang made a fortune in the kitchen, he abandoned his good wife Lilac in trouble and married a beautiful girl named Haitang. Unexpectedly, he lost all his money and became a beggar. One day, he begged in front of his ex-wife's house, and lilacs came out to give alms. He was so ashamed that he plunged into the ashes and suffocated. Because he shared the same surname as the Jade Emperor, he was named the Kitchen God. The Kitchen King is a woodcut watercolor overprint. Interestingly, in some pictures of Kitchen King, there is also a "modern girl" like a hairpin beside Kitchen King, who is a great lucky star-she is honored as "Grandma Kitchen King". Whether she is a remarried lilac or begonia is anybody's guess. It is because of this legend that Jinan people don't plant cloves and begonia together in the yard, so as not to make their two wives sour in Xiaoyi Wen.
People don't have much respect for "this god", but they are worried that "speaking is not good for a gentleman", so they stick his mouth with kitchen candy to prevent him from "washing dirty clothes in front of the Jade Emperor". Boiled sugar is a kind of maltose, which is big like persimmon and small like orange, covered with sesame seeds and hollow inside. The seller has a fork-shaped bracket with a wooden pallet on it and a layer of pink colored paper. Candies in the kitchen are arranged in layers from big to small, just like a pyramid. When offering sacrifices to the Kitchen God, in addition to providing candy for the Kitchen God, you should also prepare a plate of beans and a bowl of water to feed the Kitchen God horse, so that the Kitchen God can ride it, and "it is agreed to fall from the sky and return to the palace for good luck." At dusk, burn incense, remove the old paintings, paste new ones, put them in paper and burn them outside the kitchen. With firecrackers, it is necessary to chant "Twenty-three, the kitchen candy is sticky, eat the kitchen candy, not much to say ..." Best of all, an old man in his early years was not at ease after offering sacrifices, and he even burned a pool of melted kitchen candy on the kitchen god's mouth while it was hot, and then respectfully sent him to heaven. On this day, "having a small year", "drinking a glass of wine" and "getting a piece of meat" are all due blessings.