Beijing is located in the northern part of North China Plain, backed by Yanshan Mountains, and adjacent to Tianjin and Hebei Province. Beijing's climate is a typical semi-humid continental monsoon climate in the north temperate zone.
Beijing is one of the first national historical and cultural cities, and also the city with the most world cultural heritage in the world. The history of more than 3,000 years has given birth to the Forbidden City, the Temple of Heaven, the Badaling Great Wall, the Summer Palace and many other places of interest. As early as 700,000 years ago, the primitive tribe "Beijingers" appeared in Zhoukoudian, Beijing. In BC 1045, Beijing became the capital of thistle, swallow and other vassal states. Since 938, Beijing has been the capital of Liao, Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Beijing became one of the "four great gatherings in the world". During the Republic of China, it was the capital of Beiyang government and became the capital of People's Republic of China (PRC) (PRC) on June 1 949+1October1day.
Extended data:
I. Geographical environment
Beijing is located at east longitude115.7-17.4, north latitude 39.4-41.6, with its center at 39 54' 20 "north latitude and east longitude1/kloc-. Located in the northern part of North China Plain, adjacent to Bohai Bay, with Liaodong Peninsula on the top and Shandong Peninsula on the bottom.
1. Topography
(1) The mountainous area of Beijing is 10200 square kilometers, accounting for 62% of the total area, and the plain area is 6200 square kilometers, accounting for 38% of the total area. The terrain of Beijing is high in the northwest and low in the southeast. The average altitude in Beijing is 43.5 meters. The elevation of Beijing plain is 20 ~ 60m, and that of mountainous area is generally 1000 ~ 1500m.
(2) West of Beijing is Xishan Mountain, which belongs to Taihang Mountain range; The northern and northeastern parts of Du Jun belong to the Yanshan Mountains. The highest mountain is Dongling Mountain in Mentougou District, western Beijing, with an altitude of 2303 meters. The lowest land is the southeast border of Tongzhou District. The two mountains intersect at Nanguan, forming a semicircle mountain bend spreading to the southeast, which is called "Beijing bend", and the small plain around it is the Beijing small plain. As the ancients said: "The land of Youzhou has the sea on the left, the Taihang Mountain on the right, the Yongjiang River in the north, the big river in the south and the land of abundance."
2. Climate and environment
(1) The climate in Beijing is a typical semi-humid continental monsoon climate in the north temperate zone, with high temperature and rainy summer, cold and dry winter and short spring and autumn. The frost-free period of the whole year is 180 ~ 200 days, which is shorter in the western mountainous area. In 2007, the average rainfall was 483.9 mm, which is one of the most rainy areas in North China. The seasonal distribution of precipitation is very uneven. 80% of the annual precipitation is concentrated in June, July and August in summer, and there are heavy rains in July and August.
(2) The annual average solar radiation in Beijing is 1 12 ~ 136 kcal/cm. The two high-value areas are distributed in Yanqing basin and the northwest of Miyun county to the east of Huairou, with annual radiation above 135 kcal/cm. The low-value area is located near Xiayunling in Fangshan District, and the annual radiation is 1 12 kcal/cm. The average annual sunshine hours in Beijing are between 2000 and 2800 hours. The maximum value is over 2800 hours in Yanqing County and Gubeikou, and the minimum value is distributed in Xiayunling and Rizhao for 2063 hours. In summer rainy season, the sunshine hours are reduced, and the monthly sunshine hours are about 230 hours. Although the sunshine hours in autumn are not as much as those in spring, they are more than those in summer, with a monthly sunshine of 230-245 hours. Winter is the season with the least sunshine hours in a year, and the monthly sunshine hours are less than 200 hours, generally between 170 ~ 190 hours.
Second, human resources.
1. Beijing is the eighth largest "food city" in the world, ranking first in the mainland. Beijing's flavor snacks have a long history, a wide variety, exquisite materials and fine production, and are famous far and near. The representatives of Beijing-style snacks include bean juice, bean-flavored noodles, sour plum soup, tea soup, steamed stuffed bun, tuckahoe cake, preserved fruit, candied haws, Aiwowo, pea yellow, snowballing, enema, fried belly, fried liver and so on. Peking Opera is the quintessence of China. The origin of Beijing Opera can be traced back to several ancient local dramas.
There are more than 500,000 religious believers in Beijing, accounting for about 4% of Beijing. The main religions are Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Catholicism and Christianity, among which Buddhism, Taoism and Islam have a great influence on Beijing's history, culture and art, and there are more than 0/00 places for religious activities in Beijing.
3. Traditional architecture
Beijing was once the capital of six dynasties in history. During the two thousand years since the Yan State, many palace buildings have been built, making Beijing the city with the largest number of royal palaces, gardens, temples and mausoleums in China.
4. Royal architecture
The Forbidden City in Beijing, called Oi Miyagi in Ming Dynasty and Forbidden City in Qing Dynasty, was originally a palace in Ming and Qing Dynasties, where 24 emperors lived. Magnificent building, which perfectly embodies the traditional classical style and oriental style of China, is the largest existing palace in China and even the world.
5. The city of Beijing is the general name of the capital defense buildings in the last two dynasties in the history of China. It consists of Miyagi, Imperial City, Inner City and Outer City, including city walls, gates, urns, watchtowers, enemy towers, moats and many other facilities. It was once the most complete ancient city defense system in China. Beijing city gate is the general name of Beijing city gate in Ming and Qing Dynasties. According to the different grades and building specifications, it is divided into four categories: Gongchengmen, Huangchengmen, Inner Chengmen and Outer Chengmen. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were four palaces in Beijing.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia Beijing