Mencius (372 BC-289 BC), whose real name is Ke, whose real name is (to be tested). Press: automobile, ancient prose; Jade, this word. Car and studio, therefore, Yu Zi, Zi Che and Viscount are all Mencius' words).
Han nationality, Zou Guoren in the Warring States Period, descended from Lu Guoqing's father. Mencius inherited and carried forward Confucius' thoughts, and became a generation of Confucian masters second only to Confucius, which had a comprehensive and great influence on China culture in later generations.
Known as the "Asian sage", it is also known as "Confucius and Mencius" with Confucius. China was a famous thinker and educator in ancient times and a representative of Confucianism in the Warring States Period. Mencius and his disciples wrote Mencius.
Background of the times:
Mencius was born about 100 years before the death of Confucius (479 BC) and lived from 372 BC to 289 BC, that is, during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.
Chivalrous culture is advocated in the society, and "a scholar dies for his bosom friend". Jing Ke left a poem that "the wind blows and the water cools, and a strong man is gone forever".
During the Warring States period, it was all the rage to train scholars. The famous saying of cultivating scholars is "Wei Youxin, Chu Youchun, Zhao You and Qi You are all corporal as guests."
These scholars broke free from the bondage of slavery and traveled around the world, shouting loudly and expressing their opinions, which enlivened the academic atmosphere in the Warring States period.
Extended data:
The main points of Mencius' theory:
1, Moral Day
Mencius believes that the real world is a moral world, and the standard behind the moral root is heaven. Nature is embodied in people, and this is sex. If people can have enough self-cultivation, they can understand the sky and achieve harmony between man and nature.
2. Theory of mind and nature
Mencius' theory of "goodness of nature" mainly shows Confucius' concept of "benevolence", which lacks theoretical basis and has not yet explained the "root of moral value" Therefore, Mencius should establish "the consciousness of the root of moral value".
It is believed that goodness is the basic consciousness of human beings, which is manifested in compassion, shame, obedience and right and wrong. The "four ends" show that moral value consciousness is innate. This can supplement the deficiency of Confucius' theory of "benevolence"
3. Discrimination between righteousness and benefit
Mencius believes that "four ends" are inherent in the conscious mind and belong to the "essence" of human beings, that is, the so-called human nature. Human nature must be different from animals, and this kind of "different from animals" is "a good death"
He pointed out that people are bad because they are blinded by selfish desires. Therefore, people should give up self-interest in order to achieve social justice. The purpose is to establish a good personal morality.
The story of Mencius:
When Mencius was young, he once came home from school and his mother was weaving. (After coming back) He asked, "How is your study?" Mencius (casually) replied: "The same as in the past."
Meng Mu (annoyed by his indifference) cut the fabric with scissors. Mencius was very afraid. He asked his mother, "Why are you so angry?" Meng Mu said, "You neglected your studies, just like I cut this cloth.
Virtuous people study to establish a reputation, and ask questions to increase their knowledge. So you can be safe at ordinary times and avoid disasters when you do things. If you neglect your studies now, you will inevitably do rough work, and disaster is inevitable. "
Mencius was shocked after hearing this. Since then, he studied hard from morning till night, taking Zisi as his teacher, and finally became a world-famous scholar. Kind people think that Meng Mu knows the rules of motherhood.
Baidu encyclopedia-Mencius