1929, China Architectural Society, a non-governmental academic research institution, was established in Beijing, with Zhu Qiqian as the president, Liang Sicheng and Liu Dunzhen as the directors of French Group and Literature Group respectively. The Society engaged in the investigation, research and mapping of ancient buildings, as well as the collection, collation and research of documents, edited and published the Journal of China Architectural Society, and began to systematically use modern scientific methods to study ancient buildings in China. The society stopped its activities. China Architectural Society has made great contributions to the study of the history of ancient architecture in China.
1930, the then national government promulgated the Antiquities Preservation Law, with a total of 17 articles, which stipulated the meaning, preservation requirements and excavation of cultural relics. 193 1 promulgated the detailed rules for implementation, totaling 19, adding the content of protecting ancient buildings.
From 65438 to 0948, Mr. Liang Sicheng of Tsinghua University presided over the compilation of the Concise Catalogue of National Important Cultural Relics Buildings, which included 465 important ancient buildings, grottoes, sculptures and other cultural relics in 22 provinces and cities. The Concise Catalogue of National Important Cultural Relics Buildings is the earliest special book to record the catalogue of national important ancient buildings in modern China, which became the basis for publishing the first batch of cultural relics protection units in China. The main purpose of this briefing is to protect cultural relics and buildings during the operations and takeover of the China People's Liberation Army.
The above is the first stage, the opening and initial exploration stage of modern cultural relics protection in China.
1950 at the beginning of the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the central people's government (the State Council) issued a decree to protect cultural relics and historic sites. Including the promulgation of the Interim Measures for Prohibiting the Export of Precious Books, the Interim Measures for the Investigation and Excavation of Ancient Tombs in Ancient Cultural Sites, the Measures for the Protection and Management of Local Cultural Relics, the Order for the Collection of Revolutionary Cultural Relics, and the Description for the Protection of Ancient Buildings.
1956, the State Council conducted the first national cultural relics survey, followed by the second national cultural relics survey in 198 1 year, and nearly 400,000 immovable cultural relics were registered, which laid a foundation for the development of cultural relics in China. In April 2004, the State Council conducted the third national cultural relics survey.
1958 The Constitution of People's Republic of China (PRC) stipulates that "the state protects historical sites, precious cultural relics and other important historical and cultural heritages".
1961March, the State Council promulgated the Provisional Regulations on the Protection and Management of Cultural Relics, which laid the foundation for the legal system of cultural relics protection in China. At the same time, the first batch of 180 national key cultural relics protection units were announced, and the naming system of "cultural relics protection units" was implemented to protect cultural relics and historical sites. In May 2006, the sixth batch of 1080 national key cultural relics protection units was announced. At present, there are 235 national key cultural relics protection units, 7,000 provincial cultural relics protection units and 60,000 municipal and county cultural relics protection units.
The above is the second stage, the exploration and initial development stage of cultural relics protection in New China.
1977 5438+00 In June, National Cultural Heritage Administration issued the Administrative Measures for the Identification of Cultural Relics Brought by Foreigners, Overseas Chinese and Compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao, and China began to implement the cultural relics identification system. 1989 In February, the Ministry of Culture issued the Measures for the Administration of Cultural Relics Exit Appraisal, and in 2007, the Ministry of Culture issued the Measures for the Administration of Cultural Relics Exit Audit and the Standards for Cultural Relics Exit Audit.
1982 In February, the State Council announced the first batch of 24 famous historical and cultural cities, marking the establishment of the protection system for historic cities. As of September 2007, there were 1 10 national historical and cultural cities in China.
The Law on the Protection of Cultural Relics was promulgated in June1982165438+10, which is the first law on the protection of cultural relics in China. Some provisions of this law were amended in 1992 and 1997 respectively.
1984 1 the State Council promulgated the Regulations on Urban Planning, which stipulates that urban planning should effectively protect cultural relics and historical sites, and protect and develop national style and local characteristics. Since then, some relevant laws and regulations in China have also stipulated the content of cultural relics protection accordingly. 1989, 1989 In February, the Urban Planning Law was promulgated, which stipulated that the historical and cultural heritage, urban traditional features, local characteristics and natural landscape should be protected in the preparation of urban planning. Underground cultural relics should be avoided in the development of new urban areas.
1985 1, the government of China acceded to the Convention for the Protection of the World Natural and Cultural Heritage. China's cultural heritage protection began to be in line with international standards. In June 2006, the Ministry of Culture promulgated the Measures for the Protection and Management of World Cultural Heritage, and began to implement the monitoring and inspection system of world heritage.
1986, in the State Council, blocks, buildings, towns and villages with traditional features and ethnic local characteristics in a certain historical period were designated as historical and cultural protection areas for protection. At present, there are 40 historical and cultural protected areas in Beijing, 43 historical and cultural protected areas in Zhejiang and 12 historical and cultural scenic spots in Shanghai.
1987, China had the first batch of "world cultural heritages", such as the Great Wall and the Forbidden City; 1987, 1990, Mount Tai and Huangshan are listed as "World Cultural and Natural Heritage" for the first time; 1992, Jiuzhaigou, Huanglong and Wulingyuan were listed as "World Natural Heritage" for the first time; 5000.00000000006 In 2000, the village "Ancient Village in Southern Anhui" was listed as a world cultural heritage for the first time. At present, China has 33 World Heritage Sites, ranking third in the world.
1989 10 the State Council promulgated and implemented the Regulations on the Protection and Management of Underwater Cultural Relics in People's Republic of China (PRC), which clarified the connotation and extension of underwater cultural relics and made provisions on the archaeology and protection of underwater cultural relics.
1In March 1997, the State Council issued the Notice on Strengthening and Improving Cultural Relics Work, requiring all localities and relevant departments to "incorporate cultural relics protection into local economic and social development planning, urban and rural construction planning, financial budget, system reform and leadership responsibility system at all levels", that is, the "five incorporation" of cultural relics protection.
1In March 1997, the new criminal law promulgated by the National People's Congress specifically stipulated the crime of obstructing the management of cultural relics. The new criminal law stipulates the crimes of smuggling cultural relics, stealing cultural relics, intentionally damaging cultural relics, intentionally damaging historical sites, negligently damaging cultural relics, reselling cultural relics, privately selling or donating cultural relics from state-owned museums and libraries, excavating ancient cultural sites and ancient tombs, and losing precious cultural relics due to dereliction of duty.
On June 5438+ 10, 2002, the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) promulgated the revised Law on the Protection of Cultural Relics, which comprehensively stipulated the protection and management of cultural relics in view of the problems existing in the new period of cultural relics protection, which was an important milestone in the construction of cultural relics legal system in China. In May 2003, the State Council promulgated and implemented the Regulations for the Implementation of the Cultural Relics Protection Law of People's Republic of China (PRC). On June 5438+February, 2007, the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) amended some provisions of the Law on the Protection of Cultural Relics.
In June 2003+October 2003 10 and September 2005, the Ministry of Construction and National Cultural Heritage Administration announced 44 historic and cultural towns in China and 36 historic and cultural villages in China.
On June 5438+February, 2005, the State Council issued the Notice on Strengthening the Protection of Cultural Heritage, and determined that the second Saturday of June every year will be the National Cultural Heritage Day from 2006.
In September 2006, the State Council promulgated the Regulations on the Protection of the Great Wall, which came into effect on February 65438+February 1 2006. This is the first separate administrative regulation in China to protect the world cultural heritage.
In April 2007, China conducted a comprehensive survey of the Great Wall resources in 65,438+03 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, including Beijing, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Gansu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Shandong and Ningxia. This is the first step to implement the ten-year plan of the National Great Wall Protection Project (2005-20 14).
The above is the third period: the all-round development period of legal protection and protection reform and comprehensive management after the reform and opening up.
The four basic contents of the protection of historical and cultural cities are: the overall protection of the old city, the protection of historical and cultural blocks, the protection of cultural relics protection units, and the protection of buildings with protective value.