Statistics is a very old science. It is generally believed that its theoretical research began in Aristotle's time in ancient Greece. So far, historical statistics, as a branch of applied mathematics, has a history of more than 2300 years. It mainly uses probability theory to establish a mathematical model, collects data from the observed system, makes quantitative analysis and summary, and then makes inference and prediction, providing basis and reference for relevant decisions. It is widely used in various disciplines, from physics, social sciences to humanities, and even in industrial and commercial and government information decision-making.