Qinhuangdao is an ordinary and magical land on the northwest coast of Bohai Bay, an ancient and young land. In this land, thousands of years of civilization history of the Chinese nation has been condensed, and earth-shattering historical dramas have been staged.
From17th century BC to 7th century BC, it was under the jurisdiction of Guzhu State and lasted for thousands of years. The famous "ancient sages" Boyi and Shu Qi are two sons of Mo Tai, the monarch of the solitary bamboo kingdom. Among Sima Qian's Historical Records, the first biography is Biography of Boyi and Shu Qi. Today, the remains of Qiyi Reading Room are still preserved in Liuyin Mountain, surrounded by rocks and green trees in lulong county, Qinhuangdao City. Some historians believe that the lonely bamboo city is in today's Lulong.
In the 7th century BC, the solitary bamboo and the alien good army jointly attacked the vassal state of Zhou Wang-Yan State. At the invitation of Duke Zhuang Yan, Qi Huangong, who won the hegemony of the vassal state, with the help of Guan Zhong, wiped out the solitary bamboo state in one fell swoop under the banner of "respecting the king and resisting foreign aggression". The idiom "An old horse knows the way" happened in lulong county.
During the Warring States Period, Qinhuangdao belonged to Liaoxi County of Yan State. Yan Zhaowang built Huang Jintai, recruiting talented people, and soon made the Yan State, which had the "intermediary stone forgiveness", one of the Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period. At that time, Yan had established a navy division to "unite" with Qi against Qin and "make people go to the sea to seek Penglai, the abbot and Yingzhou" (historical records). It can be seen that at that time, the fairy-seeking activities had already begun.
In 22 1 BC, Qin Shihuang annexed six countries and established a centralized Qin dynasty. After that, Qin Shihuang made five tours. In 2 15 BC, he made the third tour "a festival, which made Yan Lu Sheng beg for admiration and swear high" (Historical Records). Envy gate and Gao Shi are immortals who live on the fairy mountain in the sea, and they have the medicine of immortality in their hands. It used to be said that Qin Shihuang came to Jieshi to look for the medicine of immortality. The story of Xu Fu leading 3,000 boys and girls to the east crossing Fusang has been passed down from generation to generation. In fact, he also made a more important career in Jieshi, that is, he borrowed the five characters "Hu Ye died in Qin" brought back by the borrower, mobilized the manpower, material resources and financial resources of the whole country, and made up his mind to build the Great Wall to resist the intrusion of Xiongnu in the north. He sent Meng Tian, a general, to beat back the Xiongnu invasion first, and then recruited 500,000 civilian workers. On the basis of Yan, Zhao and Qin Changcheng during the Warring States Period, after five years of hard construction, he finally completed the magnificent Great Wall project, which started from Lintao in Gansu in the west and stretched for more than 10,000 miles in Liaodong in the east. Because of this, the first emperor Qin Shihuang's trip to Jieshi was no longer a simple quest for immortality and medicine, but an important political and military activity. Perhaps Jieshi was named Qinhuangdao because Qin Shihuang was stationed in China. In the vast area with Qinhuangdao as the center, many sites of Qin Palace have been discovered, which is the historical proof of Qin Shihuang's eastward tour of Jieshi.
Qin Shihuang and many other historical celebrities, such as Emperor Wudi, Cao Cao and Emperor Taizong, have been to Jieshi. However, where is Jieshi? This question has been debated by historians and geographers for one or two thousand years, and it is still in full swing. In fact, they only have their own views on the specific location of Jieshi, and there is no disagreement on the approximate area. This general area is today in Jieshi Mountain in Changli County, Qinhuangdao City, Jinshanzui and Geziwo in Beidaihe District, Dongshan in Haigang District, and Jiangnv Tomb in Suizhong County, Liaoning Province. In recent years, palace sites in Qin and Han dynasties have also been discovered in these areas. It seems that Jieshi may refer to a region, a region with Qinhuangdao as the main body today, which can be called "Jieshi region". As long as you go to any place here, you can say that you have already had the experience of "facing Jieshi in the east".
In BC 1 10 (the first year of Yuanfeng), Liu Che, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty, came to Jieshi from Zhifu, Yantai, and went to Haibei. Today, on the Peng Lian Mountain in Beidaihe, there are still the remains of Wutai in the Han Dynasty.
In 207 A.D. (the 12th year of Jian 'an), Cao Cao marched eastward to Wu Huan and returned home in triumph. He came to Qinhuangdao to watch the sea and the sunrise, feeling comfortable and full of ambition, and wrote a magnificent four-character poem "Watching the Sea".
1954 In late July, Mao Zedong came to Beidaihe. Before that, he wrote to his two daughters, CoCo Lee and Li Na, who came from Beijing in advance, saying, "Beidaihe, Qinhuangdao and Shanhaiguan are the places Cao Mengde has been. He is not only a politician, but also a poet. His Jieshi poems are famous. " Mao Zedong also wrote two poems by Cao Cao, Watching the Sea and Though I Return to Life. Mao Zedong said that Cao Cao's poems were "majestic, bold, sad, true man and bold". Mao Zedong once said to people: Cao Cao unified the north, established the state of Wei, reformed many evil policies in the Eastern Han Dynasty, suppressed strongmen, developed production, and practiced the system of reclamation. He also urged land reclamation, advocated the rule of law and thrift, so that the devastated society began to stabilize, recover and develop. Isn't this supposed to be certain? Isn't it amazing? Say that Cao Cao is a white-faced traitor, and this case should be overturned. (Sun Zhisheng's "Rain Falls Deep Swallows"). It should be said that Mao Zedong's evaluation is realistic. Today, the image of Cao Cao in China people's mind is no longer a white-faced traitor, but a great statesman, strategist and talented poet with great achievements.
Cao Cao, Emperor Wu of Wei, came to Qinhuangdao in autumn. In autumn, the sky is crisp, fish and crabs are full, and fruits are fragrant. Qinhuangdao in autumn and Qiu Guang in autumn are colorful and poetic. Cao Cao chose a good season, so that the poet touched the scene and thought of generation, and wrote a famous sentence through the ages.
In 645 AD (the 19th year of Zhenguan), Emperor Taizong of Li Shimin made an expedition to Korea and came to Qinhuangdao, leaving many beautiful legends. He wrote a famous poem "Looking at the Spring of the Sea", "Zhifu misses the Han Emperor and Jieshi misses the Qin Emperor". Emperor Taizong came to Qinhuangdao in spring. The spring in Qinhuangdao is fresh and gentle, "like the strong wind in spring, it comes at night and blows open the petals of ten thousand pear trees". The tender willows are green, the grass is lush, the peach blossoms are red as fire, and the sky is clear as the sea. That's really a unique taste in my heart. Anyone who wants to travel to Qinhuangdao should really learn from Emperor Taizong. As soon as the footsteps of spring sounded, they took up their backpacks, recited the poems of Emperor Taizong and slowly walked to the sea.
During the Northern Wei and Northern Qi Dynasties, the Great Wall was also built one after another. Today, the remains of the Great Wall of the Northern Qi Dynasty can be seen in the northern mountainous area of Qinhuangdao City and Mengjiangnv Temple.
In the Song Dynasty, Qinhuangdao was not included in the territory of the Northern Song Dynasty, but was under the jurisdiction of Liao and Jin Dynasties. The Liao Dynasty established Qian Min County in Shanhaiguan today. The classic buildings in lulong county were built during the Jin Dading period and have been well preserved so far.
In Ming Dynasty, Qinhuangdao entered an important period. 138 1 (Hongwu 14), Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of Sun Yat-sen, sent Xu Da to preside over the construction of Ling Jie, Yongping and Shanhai Pass. With the great talent and foresight of a military strategist, Xu Da built Shanhaiguan Guancheng at the intersection of mountains and seas at the western end of Liaoxi Corridor. Since then, Shanhaiguan has become a major town of Xiongguan in the Ming Dynasty, guarding the frontier fortress and managing Jilin and Liao. 1567 (the first year of Qin Long), Qi Jiguang, a famous anti-Japanese, became the company commander of Yuji Town under the condition of lax border defense and several crises in the capital. In sixteen years, he trained and reinforced the side wall, built the 10 17 hollow enemy platform from Shanhaiguan to Juyongguan Great Wall, rectified the side wall of Yuji City Gate for more than two thousand miles, and built a copper wall and an iron wall under the capital city. Qi Jiguang built a seven-foot stone city into the sea at the old dragon head of Shanhaiguan. Here, he once wrote, "Once Zeguo is shocked, it is more difficult to get to the side of the city." . The poem "Spring enters the Han Pass, March rains, and the wind blows the five tides on Qindao" recites the peaceful scene at that time.
In the late Ming Dynasty, after Nuerhachi unified the ministries in Northeast China and established its capital in Shengjing, he launched a sustained offensive against the Daming regime. Shanhaiguan became the last barrier to defend the capital, and also became a battleground for the Qing regime to March into the Central Plains. Shanhaiguan, the safety of the world depends on a wall. Those who gain will prosper and those who lose will die. The Ming dynasty devoted all its strength to the whole country and sent famous officials to guard it. Xiong Tingbi, Sun Chengzong, Yuan Chonghuan and so on. They are all ministers of the Ministry of War stationed in Shanhaiguan, and the army supervisors are all Ji Liao.
A.D. 1644 (the seventeenth year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty) was a year of sudden changes and twists and turns in the history of China. At the beginning of the new year, on the first day of the first month, Li Zicheng was formally founded in Xi 'an, with the name Dashun and changed to Yongchang. On March 19, the peasant uprising army led by Li Zicheng went to Beijing, and Emperor Chongzhen hanged Jingshan Park, and the Ming Dynasty was once destroyed. On April 22nd, Wu Sangui surrendered to Dourgen and turned on the switch to meet the Qing soldiers. Li Zicheng defeated the west bank of Shihe River, and the Qing Dynasty entered the Central Plains. In A.D. 1644, China Lunar New Year witnessed a rapid change in Shen Jia, and Shanhaiguan was a turning point in history. Today, when we look back on the past, we should think and sigh.
At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, five emperors, Kangxi, Yongzheng, Qianlong, Jiaqing and Daoguang, passed through Shanhaiguan, went to ancestral graves outside Shanhaiguan, and went to Changbai Mountain, the birthplace of Manchu, to worship their ancestors. Chenghailou was a must-see place for them to view the sea and compose poems. After 1840, foreign enemies invaded, and the Qing Dynasty declined. The emperors no longer had the mind to pay homage to the sacrifices. 1898, Qinhuangdao Port anchored and set sail, Tianjin-Yushu Railway (Tianjin-Lin Yu. Linyi County was opened to traffic, and Beidaihe was declared by the Qing government as a summer resort that allowed Chinese and foreign people to live together. This year is the opening year of Qinhuangdao. Since then, Qinhuangdao Port has gradually become an important port for transporting coal from north to south. The Jin-Yu Railway extends to the artery leading to the northeast of Beijing and Tianjin, and Beidaihe has become a famous scenic spot. At the same time, the people of Qinhuangdao suffered from frequent wars, endless struggles, warlord melee and foreign invasion, and the mountains and rivers of Qinhuangdao were ravaged for half a century. 1900, Eight-Nation Alliance landed from the old dragon head, and Shanhaiguan became the stronghold of imperialist powers invading China. 1922 and 1924, two direct wars broke out in Shanhaiguan. 1On New Year's Day in 933, Japanese imperialism created the "Guan Yu Incident", and China's soldiers and civilians were forced to fire the first shot of a bitter war of resistance. 1945+065438+ 10 defended Shanhaiguan, which laid the foundation for China People's Liberation Army to liberate Northeast China at an early date. 1948165438+1On October 27th, Qinhuangdao was liberated and its people were reborn.
1954 In late July, Mao Zedong came to Beidaihe for the second time. In August this year, it rained heavily in Qinhuangdao, and the sky and the sea were the same, which was puzzling. Mao Zedong wrote the famous poem "Langtaosha Beidaihe" in Beidaihe:
The heavy rain fell on the swallow, and the white waves were sky-high. Fishing boats were fishing outside Qinhuangdao. We can't see a piece of Wang Yang, so who can we turn to for help?
In the past 1000 years, Wei Wu waved a whip and left a legacy in the East. The bleak autumn wind is changing the world again today.
"Wei Wu" in the poem refers to Cao Cao, Emperor Wu of Wei Dynasty, and "Legacy" in "East Boundary Stone" refers to the four-character ancient poem "Viewing the Sea" written by Cao Cao. Mao Zedong recalled the past and was filled with emotion: China was finally stable after the war, and the poor and hungry people of China were finally reborn. Mao Zedong gave a triumphant cheer: "The bleak autumn wind changed the world again". "Langtaosha Beidaihe" is a triumphant song played by Mao Zedong on behalf of the people of China, and it is also a precious gift for the people of Qinhuangdao. In order to commemorate Mao Zedong and the poem he wrote in Beidaihe, Beidaihe District Government erected a statue and poem tablet of Mao Zedong in pigeon nest park, hoping that the reputation of great men will last forever and the magnificent poem will last forever.
Today, Qinhuangdao is a provincial city in Hebei Province, one of the earliest 14 coastal open cities, and a famous "excellent tourist city" in China. Qinhuangdao Port is the second largest port in Chinese mainland and the largest energy export port in the world. Hua Yao Glass Factory, established in 1922, is the oldest and largest modern glass production enterprise in China, so Qinhuangdao is called "Glass City". Shanhaiguan Bridge Factory was put into operation in 1894, and is known as the "mother of bridges" in China. Qinhuangdao City has become a famous bridge production base in China. Now, the 2.62 million people in Qinhuangdao are building their own beautiful homeland with the firm will as high as the mountain, the mind as wide as the sea, and the diligence, courage and wisdom endowed by the Great Wall of Wan Li, and welcome friends from all directions at home and abroad.