Any model of human race must explain the formation of racial differences in human evolution. But before the end of the 20th century, anthropologists could only infer the process of human evolution by relying on rather incomplete fossil records.

Moreover, their models can not be used as an effective basis for us to infer the origin of human race. However, the development of molecular biology has begun to provide chemists with newer and more comprehensive data, and also enriched our understanding of the origin of human beings. Anthropologists are interested in Homo sapiens; ; The origin of modern people has been debated endlessly. About 1 million years ago, Homo erectus migrated from Africa to Europe and Asia. The center of the debate is whether Homo erectus evolved into Homo sapiens in Africa, Europe and Asia at the same time, or whether Homo sapiens left Africa after the evolution of Africa and replaced Homo erectus in Europe and Asia. The difference between the two models also leads to their different explanations of the origin of race.

Scholars who support the theory of multiple origins (see Frayer et al. 1993) point out the anatomical continuity in chemical records of Central and Southern Europe (Smith 1982), East Asia and Australia (Wolpoff 1993), and think that the anatomical continuity proves the genetic relationship. They believe that the remarkable genetic similarity within human beings does not mean that they have a common ancestor, but reflects the uninterrupted gene flow caused by the interconnection between human groups around the world.

(Thorne and Wolpoff 1992) At the same time, they think that this model does not contradict the characteristic line theory. (Wolpoff 1993) The most important element of this model is that since Homo sapiens has evolved and multiplied all over the world for one million years, this species has time to evolve into multiple races. However, Leiberman and Jackson( 1995) pointed out that this model depends on whether the following race-related conditions are established: first, there must be significant physical differences between the members of Homo in its distribution center and periphery; Second, many characteristics must be developed at the edge of the distribution area of the genus; Third, these features will not disappear over time. This regional difference can be used as evidence of long-term differences among human beings, and these differences are the precursors of today's differences among human beings.