1. Introduction to Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes: Located in Dunhuang at the western end of Hexi Corridor, it was excavated from the Sixteen Kingdoms period to the Yuan Dynasty and lasted about 1000 years, which is unique among China grottoes.

2. History of Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes: The initial construction of Mogao Grottoes can be traced back to 366 AD, and Buddhism was introduced into Dunhuang; In the Tang Dynasty, the Mogao Grottoes experienced the most glorious period. From the 7th century to the 9th century, a large number of caves were built and dug, forming a large-scale cave group. From the Five Dynasties to the Yuan Dynasty, it was the later period of the development of Mogao Grottoes, and the architectural and decorative activities of Mogao Grottoes gradually decreased.