The American Civil War was the bloodiest war ever fought on American soil. On average, about 600 people were killed every day during the war. At the end of the war, about 618,000 people died. This is more than the United States World War I, World War II, Korean War and Vietnam War combined.
2. During the Civil War, 2% of the American population died. This is equivalent to more than 6 million people today. Although rifles are the deadliest weapons in war, diseases cause more male deaths. This camp has become a breeding ground for measles, chickenpox and mumps. More than 65,438,000 soldiers were infected with malaria. The chances of a civil war soldier surviving the war are about one in four.
The most common operation for soldiers during the civil war was amputation. The best surgeons can cut off and discard limbs in five minutes. Civil war doctors are nicknamed "bone sawers". During the war, 60,000 people were partially or completely amputated.
4. Virginia had the most conflicts and battles during the Civil War-more than 2 100, followed by Tennessee (1 400) and Missouri (1, 100). Virginia was one of the early states of 13, the hometown of George Washington and Thomas Jefferson, the hometown of Confederate commander robert lee, and the venue of the first continental congress. There are eight presidents. 178 1 During the War of Independence, Britain surrendered to the United States and France in Virginia, and the capital Richmond became the capital of the Confederacy after the outbreak of the Civil War. During the war, several counties in the northwest withdrew from the confederacy, Virginia split and established a pro-French alliance.
The youngest soldier in the civil war is a 9-year-old boy from Mississippi. The oldest is an 80-year-old man from Iowa. /kloc-there are more than 10000 soldiers serving in the allied forces under the age of 0/8. The civil war is also called "the boy's war"
6. The last Yugoslav army surrendered on May 26th. 1865. Later, southerners used the sarcastic word "carpet bag man" to describe speculators who moved to the south during the reconstruction period to take advantage of the chaos. These people often pack everything into blankets and handbags.
7. After 20 years of civil war, the national divorce rate has increased by 150%.
Seven future American presidents participated in the Civil War: Ulysses S. Grant, Rutherford B. Hayes, william mckinley, james garfield, Benjamin Harrison, Chester A. Arthur and andrew johnson.
9. The civil war prison, Elmira, has set up two watchtowers for the use of onlookers. Citizens can see prisoners by paying 15 cents. The licensed canteen sells peanuts, cakes and lemonade by the tower, but some people in the prison starve to death.
10, about 470,000 soldiers were imprisoned during the Civil War, which was more than the population of Arkansas at that time. About 56,000 people were killed in prison.
1 1, if the names of the victims of the civil war are listed on the memorial wall in Vietnam, the civil war memorial will be extended by more than 10 times.
12, the greatest war is also the most terrible. Our war is one of the most terrible wars in scale and duration. -abraham lincoln, speaking in Philadelphia on June 1864.
13,2001911,and nearly 3,000 people died. Almost the same number of people died 1864 minutes before Grant attacked the cold port.
14, from 186 1 to 1865, the number of orphans in the United States has more than doubled.
15, civil war 1 10,000 horses can pee in one day 12 multi-standard swimming pools. During the civil war, horses and other animals lived for about seven months, during which as many as 300,000 horses died. More than 3000 horses died in Gettysburg alone.
16, the war took place in about 396 days from 1, 186 1 to 1865. A total of nearly 10 145 military operations took place.
Diarrhea was the most common and fatal disease during the civil war. More civil war soldiers died from diarrhea than from fighting. About 1 case died in 40 cases. Death comes from dehydration, fatigue or intestinal wall rupture.
18, the bloodiest day of the war (Antietam) and the bloodiest battle (Gettysburg) both took place in the federal state. More than 5000 soldiers died in Antietam.
19, most civil war soldiers March 15 to 20 miles every day.
20. The civil war was the first war that was immediately reported by the media. The first photo was taken in the Battle of Antietam.
2 1, after the separation of the southern States, the North and South Confederacy formulated the national personal income tax for the first time to supplement the war funds. The tax rate was very small and was abolished after the war. It was not until half a century later that the individual income tax law was formally passed, and Americans lived with the IRS from then on.
22. Critics of ulysses S Grant call him a "butcher" because he is good at taking the initiative at all costs, resulting in a high casualty rate of his subordinates and enemies in the battle. Grant traveled around the world after leaving the presidency and arrived in Tianjin on 1879 to meet with Li Hongzhang, governor of Zhili and minister of Beiyang.
23. A personal copy of President Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation was donated to the Chicago Historical Society in 187 1 year. If it is preserved, it will be valuable.
24. Of the more than 3 million soldiers in the civil war, only 1% were regular soldiers, 9% were recruits, and the rest were volunteers.
25. During the four-year civil war, the South lost a quarter of its school-age youth to join the army, half its wealth and its dominant position in the United States. On the contrary, the north became an industrial kingdom, and the Yang government in the Federation became an overwhelming force in this land.
26,1860,65438+On February 20th, South Carolina became the first slave-holding state to leave the United States.
Four million slaves living in the south were estimated to be worth more than two billion dollars at that time.
28. Amy Amy Clark, a southerner, has been secretly following her husband who joined the army. He disguised himself as "richard anderson" and joined the bu team in Tennessee. Although her husband died in Shiloh, she continued to fight until she was injured and captured by soldiers in the northern United States. When they found out that she was a woman, she was sent back to the south.
29. During the civil war, the submarine Henley belonging to the Southern Alliance sank the USSHousatonic belonging to the northern United States for the first time. However, the Henry was damaged in the attack and soon sank, killing eight sailors on board. Only five of the 155 people on the Husatonik spacecraft died.
30. When 1860 and 186 1 seceded from the United States, the southern states were not ranked according to their geographical location, economic and political strength, but according to the proportion of slaves.
3 1, the most controversial behavior in the civil war is the attack mode of American northern general William T. Sherman on Georgia and Carolina: he believes that the people who support the Confederate army must also be hit in the same way to crush the will of the Confederacy. Everywhere they went, they were bombarded by artillery, then set on fire, and carried out a radical attack on the Confederate army, causing100000 civilian deaths and millions of people fleeing. But what's interesting is that Sherman actually lived in the south for more than ten years, owned slaves, and was not in favor of abolishing slavery. He was also the president of the Louisiana Military School and later became Louisiana State University.
32. During the civil war, surgeons treated more than 73,000 syphilis patients and more than 65,438+009,000 gonorrhea patients in the federal white bu team. The incidence of African-American soldiers is less than half that of white soldiers.
33. Because of the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases among soldiers, the Confederate army persuaded the government to approve the legal sale of Nashville and Memphis 1863 to 1865. Then the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases dropped sharply.
34. Nearly13 of the federal soldiers are immigrants (7.5% are Irish and 10% are German). Other immigrant soldiers are French, Italians, Poles, British and Scots. About one-tenth are African-Americans.
351863 African Americans are allowed to join the army in the northern United States, but their wages are lower than those of white soldiers. Some black soldiers protested until September 1864 and finally got equal pay for equal work.
36. Gatling machine gun was invented during the civil war, with patent 1862. Richard J Gatling said that he invented the gatling gun to show how futile the war was!
37. During the war, the federal government confiscated robert lee's legacy and turned it into a cemetery to remind him of his casualties. It later became Arlington National Cemetery.
38. During the civil war, generals usually led their men to fight at the front, which is rare in modern wars. Because of this, the probability of a general dying in battle is 50% higher than that of an ordinary soldier.
39. Although women are not allowed in the army in the north and south, it is estimated that there are 250-400 women disguised as men.
40. Although many key battles took place in Virginia, and the seat of the state government was the seat of the confederate state capital, in fact there were relatively few slave owners: 1 84 out of more than 10,000 Virginians.
4 1, in order to prevent prisoners of war from escaping from Douglas prison camp in Chicago, prisoners of war were asked not to wear clothes. Even the blanket was taken away. Many union soldiers froze to death.
42. General Robert E Lee personally opposed slavery and division to some extent, but the Confederate army he led was loyal to his hometown of Virginia. After robert lee finally led the Confederate army to surrender, he was widely loved by many people in the north and south. In recent years, the statue of robert lee seems to have caused more and more controversy in the racial struggle in the United States.
43. In the opening speech of the Gettysburg National Cemetery four months after the Battle of Gettysburg, Edward Everett, the main speaker, spoke for two hours, while President Lincoln, the second speaker, spoke briefly for only two minutes, but he went down in history.
Lincoln was also the first American to think that women should be allowed to vote.
45. Most southerners are not slave owners. In fact, less than a quarter of "white people" are directly related to slavery. However, there are 3 million to 4 million African-American slaves in the south, accounting for more than one third of the total population in the south.
46. At the beginning of the war, the north was confident that it would win, because 1, they had more people to fight (22 million in the north and 7 million in the south). There are many factories and developed industries in the north, which can produce more guns and bullets. There are more developed railway transportation materials and troops in the north. Of course, the South is also very confident, and achieved good results at the beginning.
47. The Andersonville prison camp in Georgia was the most notorious prison in the Civil War. At its peak, about 33,000 soldiers were imprisoned there. Due to insufficient food supply, a large number of prisoners of war died of septicemia, dysentery, chronic malnutrition and other diseases, as well as man-made slaughter, and the final death toll exceeded 13000. After the war, the commander of the prison camp was charged with a crime.
48. The uniforms of American northern soldiers are blue, while those of Confederate soldiers are gray. However, due to the shortage of materials and clothing during the war, it is common for soldiers to wear the color of "enemy" and be killed by their own soldiers.
49, 1863 In March, the government passed the draft law, and you can hire another person to serve you as long as you pay $300. Among the soldiers who serve others, there is Grover Cleveland, the future 24th president, and Lincoln himself spent $500 to hire someone to serve.
50. The American Medal of Honor was established in 1862, and the first American Medal of Honor was awarded to six survivors of Andrew's team on March 25th, 863. A total of 2625 soldiers and sailors won the war and were awarded 1500 times. It was awarded 464 times during World War II.
5 1 Although Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland and Missouri allowed slavery, they remained in the northern United States. In addition, the west of Virginia chose the north, while the east, including the capital, joined the confederacy.
52. Although southern white women were raped by Qiang people, there are few existing documents. African-American women, usually slaves or free slaves, are the most raped by Qiang people.
53. President Lincoln had hoped to move all black Americans to Central America. He even talked to the British about providing them with the land of Honduras or modern Belize, a British dependency. He pointed out: "I am not and have never been in favor of achieving social and political equality between white and black races in any way."
54, 1860, Mississippi and South Carolina have more slaves than freemen:
55. The civil war lasted 48 months. The 13th Amendment to the American Xi 'an Law, which abolished slavery, consists of 48 words. Moreover, the Mississippi legislature didn't pass the 13th Amendment until 1995, which is the latest state.
56. Only two people were convicted of war crimes during the civil war. The first one was the Confederate captain Henry Wells, the commander of the Andersonville prison camp mentioned earlier. The second is the southern guerrilla madman Ferguson, who assassinated northern soldiers and pro-northern civilians.
The picture above shows the hanging of Henry Wilt in the Old Congress Prison in Washington (now the seat of the Federal Supreme Court) on June 1865+0 10.
57. In the north, the inflation rate increased by 100% during the four-year civil war. In the south, this ratio is close to 100% every year.
58. Before the civil war, about 5,000 slaves tried to escape every year. During the war, this number increased to 5000 or more per month.
59. From the perspective of the northern United States, there are about 200,000 deserters, and the number of deserters in the southern United States exceeds 1.2 million. 85,000 people in the north fled to Canada. Almost all of the 76,000 deserters found were sent back to their original posts, and 1, 4 1 were formally executed.
60. Only about 1% of the casualties in the civil war were caused by bayonet wounds.
6 1, the industrial revolution promoted the mass production of weapons, but the progress of medicine and the use of preservatives have not yet appeared. In addition, although the range of rifle weapons and small caliber bullets has tripled, the army still uses the traditional military operation method: close infantry assembly. All this has led to high mortality and excessively bloody fighting. The civil war was dubbed as "the first non-modern modern war".
62. Of the nearly 200,000 African-Americans who fought for the North, more than 654.38 million were free slaves. During the war, about 35,000 of the nearly 200,000 African-American soldiers died and 25 were awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor.
During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, as many as 25,000 guerrilla fighters took part in "unconventional wars". For example, arson, scalping and lynching are common on the Missouri-Kansas border.