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The history of noodles
Noodles are a very old food, which originated in China and has a long history. It was recorded in the Eastern Han Dynasty in China, and it has been 1900 years. The earliest physical noodles were discovered by scientists from the Institute of Geology and Geophysics, China Academy of Sciences. On June 5438+10/October 65438+April, 2002, when they were conducting geological survey in Lajia Village, Minhe County, Qinghai Province in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, they found an inverted bowl 3 meters underground in the sediments of the flood plain. There are yellow noodles in the bowl, the longest of which is 50 cm. By analyzing the composition of the substance, the researchers found that this bowl of noodles has a history of about 4000 years, which greatly promoted the history of noodles. Noodles were originally called "cake" and "boiled cake", which is the first example of Chinese noodles-"cake, noodles are also combined" (quoted from Liu Xi's explanation of the name), meaning that the food made by mixing flour and water is called "cake"; Noodles or dough cooked in water are also called "cakes".
Noodles were recorded in different dynasties. There are historical records from the early Eastern Han Dynasty, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties to the end of Tang Dynasty, Song Dynasty, Yuan Dynasty, Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty. However, at first, the names of noodles were not uniform. In addition to the common noodles, boiled cakes and soup cakes, there are also some names, such as water-induced cakes, unsupported cakes and simmered cakes. The word "noodles" was not officially used until the Song Dynasty. "Noodles" are long strips, but there are countless patterns. What cold washing, warm washing, vegetarian noodles and fried noodles are all "noodles"; The method of making noodles is amazing, such as rolling, cutting, poking, sipping, kneading, pressing, kneading, leaking and pulling ... Chinese noodles are not only the staple food for economic satiety, but also the best food for elegance. According to historical records, many dignitaries like to eat noodles and will entertain VIPs with pasta.
In the heyday of China, the Tang Dynasty, it was mentioned that the court wanted "soup cakes" in winter; Do "cold scouring" in summer (cold pottery is now cold noodles/cold noodles with water). In the Yuan Dynasty, dried noodles that could be preserved for a long time appeared. There was a superb "Lamian Noodles" in the Ming Dynasty. The appearance of these noodle-making technologies has made great contributions to the development of noodles. The most remarkable thing in Qing Dynasty was the appearance of "spiced noodles" and "eight-treasure noodles", while the predecessor of instant noodles appeared in Qianlong period: pickled and fried "Yifu noodles". In fact, the development of China pasta in Qing Dynasty has been quite mature and certain, and even each region has its own unique flavor, such as China's five famous noodles: Dandan Noodles in Sichuan, Yifu noodles in Guangdong and Guangxi, Zhajiang noodles in the north, Daoxiao Noodles in Shanxi and Regan Noodles in Wuhan. Coupled with the cultural exchanges and development between China and foreign countries, China's noodle and pasta culture shines brilliantly in the world.
Chinese noodles are well-known at home and abroad and have a far-reaching influence on the world pasta culture. 19 12 years, modern Japanese Lamian Noodles introduced the traditional Lamian Noodles production technology from China to Yokohama.
Noodles culture
Noodles are mainly made of wheat flour. Before the appearance of noodles, rice and porridge were the staple foods of China people, but after face-to-face appearance, the status of noodles was on an equal footing with rice food-northerners mainly used pasta as the staple food; Although southerners rely heavily on rice, pasta has also become an important snack.
There is a world of difference between noodles in the north and the south. "Noodles" in the south refers to noodles made of flour, mainly egg noodles, which are made of duck egg yolk instead of eggs. Noodles are young, refreshing and elastic. Among them, there are both strangers and Regan Noodles. Popular noodles are thin strips of dry noodles and shrimp noodles; "Noodle" in the north refers to flour ground from wheat. Noodles don't use eggs, use alkaline water. Adding alkaline water can make noodles easy to digest, so noodles become the main food of northerners. Compared with southern noodles, northern noodles are thicker, softer, smoother and more elastic. The north said "want noodles", and the boss only gave flour; In the south, it will sell processed noodles.
People in the north live on flour, so the quality and quantity of pasta are more important. Northerners often cook noodles with fresh and mature seasonal leaves, supplemented by seasonings such as raw onions, garlic and parsley. They taste heavy oil, and the ingredients and soup are salty, mainly to drive away the cold. A large appetite can also be served with steamed bread and sesame cakes. In the south, because southerners take rice as the staple food and noodles as snacks or entertainment to cater to the tastes of northerners, they like to put them in small bowls, but they like to put soy sauce, pickled mustard tuber and vegetable oil instead of onions and leafy vegetables. Generally, they are dried noodles. The appearance and taste are not satisfactory to noodle lovers.
Of course, traditional noodles are handmade, and all noodles are handmade, such as mixing noodles, making noodles, Lamian Noodles or Daoxiao Noodles. But the noodles made in the south and the north are also different, each with its own characteristics. The famous Lamian Noodles in the north, as its name implies, was drawn by hand. It is not easy for Lamian Noodles to be soft and tough. It needs extraordinary strength, proper strength control and softness in the middle to make good products. On the other hand, southern noodles are soft and firm, cool but not crisp. The key lies in the strength of making noodles. After the dough is mixed, use the elasticity of human body to press it with a big bamboo pole, press it into thin strips, and finally cut it into small strips.
To count the distinctive Chinese noodles, the first one is Yi Fu noodles, which can be cooked in soup or fried in dry. It was created by Yi Bingshou, the chef of dry Qinglong Jinshi. One-woman noodles are produced in both the north and south of China, especially in Fujian and Jiangxi. One-way noodle is characterized by using egg liquid instead of water. Blanch with boiling water, wash with cold water, dry and fry to make semi-finished products. Because of its unique production method, it can be suitable for different cooking methods, so Yifu noodles are really high-grade noodles and special noodles at the banquet.
Another famous Dandan Noodles was produced in Sichuan in 184 1 year. The meaning is simple-carrying noodles; At that time, people's livelihood was difficult, and a hawker named Chen Baobao made a living by it, shouldering the heavy burden of selling noodles along the street. Although pasta was regarded as top grade in ancient times, it was loved by dignitaries; But Dandan Noodles not only sells to the rich, but also focuses on the common people. At first, Dandan Noodles was only sold in the narrow alleys of the streets, and the dough was quite rough. Only boiled water, the soup base is made of Chili oil and soy sauce, plus a little cooking, spicy, used for wrapping. It was not until later that I entered the grand hotel and guesthouse, and then I boarded the banquet table with other snacks.
In Wonton Noodles, which is very popular in Hongkong, the bottom of noodles is raw noodles. Raw noodles have been made in Guangdong for a long time, using eggs or duck eggs to make noodles. Eggs make noodles refreshing. Duck eggs add egg flavor to raw noodles. Good raw noodles are called silver noodles, which are tender yellow when cooked. Of course, they should be fresh and elastic, not too hard or too soft, and the most important thing is that they should not have an alkaline taste after cooking.
Noodles de story
Apart from the cultural differences between North and South, many noodles in China actually have different meanings or unique stories behind them.
China traditional noodles-longevity noodles. People in China must eat food at the end of the party every birthday, because noodles are very long, which means longevity. In ancient times, eating longevity noodles symbolizes wishing the newborn baby boy a long life, which has been handed down from generation to generation. When eating noodles, you should swallow the whole noodle in one gulp, and you can't pinch it off with chopsticks or bite it off with your mouth. Eating longevity noodles not only symbolizes longevity, but also represents respect for the elderly. It is said that the Yellow Emperor became immortal in the winter of solstice. Since then, longevity noodles have been eaten every winter to show respect for the elderly, so longevity noodles are also called "winter to sun noodles" In fact, there are different opinions about the meaning of "longevity noodles", and the above is just one of them.
The noodles you eat on your birthday will also be called "handmade noodles". Noodles are the most famous in Fuzhou, with many names: "Happy Noodles" for women when they get married; Pregnant women eat "good noodles" during childbirth; Giving gifts to relatives and friends with noodles is "too dull"; If the elderly, the sick and the disabled eat healthy food, this kind of noodles will be called "healthy noodles". There is a kind of noodle thread among the people, which is a gift prepared by Xuan Nv for his mother's nine-day birthday. Therefore, the God of Nine Days in Xuan Nv is dedicated to noodle makers. There are many kinds of noodles in Fuzhou, including egg noodles, Longxu Noodles noodles and silver noodles. (Quote: The story of China's famous food)
Another example is the aforementioned "cold scouring", which was originally created by Wu Zetian, the only female emperor in China today. It is said that Wu Meiniang was very beautiful when he was young. At the age of fourteen, he was chosen as a gifted scholar in the palace. Because I wanted to be separated from my childhood sweetheart Chang Jianfeng, I went to a noodle restaurant to eat noodles before I entered the palace. Seeing the hot weather that day, Mei Niang had a brainwave and developed a soft and delicious "cold scouring" with her boss. Just happened to meet Mei Niang's birthday. In order to miss the scene of that year, I ordered the chef to cook cold dishes every time Wu Zetian's birthday. This habit has not changed until my death. (Quote: The story of China's famous food)
There is another story in Qishan, Shaanxi Province, which is also called "Harmonious Face". In the Western Zhou Dynasty, Yin was jealous of Ji Chang's achievements and imprisoned him in a castle in Youli. Later, when Zhou Wenwang returned to his hometown, the villagers saw that he was emaciated by the pain, and they all brought a lot of food to supplement him. To thank everyone for their love, Zhou Wenwang personally cooked noodles and greeted them with the food they brought. After eating noodles, everyone will pour out the remaining soup and then go deep into the noodles. This way of eating noodles instead of soup is called "harmonious noodles" (quoted from the story of famous food)
Another thing: "Noodles" is the hero of the classic gangster epic film "Once upon a time in America".