The battle of Jin-Qin-Ma Tunnel took place in the eighth year of Zhou Jianwang (578 BC). In the second year after the Saddle War in the State of Jin, due to the revival of the forces of the State of Jin and the fact that the territory of the State of Jin was close to that of Qi after the merger and elimination, Qi Qinggong was forced to form an alliance with the State of Jin. Duke Jing of Jin treated him with a big gift, and the two countries got back together. At this time, Duke Jing of Jin considered that after all, Qi was a big country of Chu, and if he was dissatisfied with Jin and joined Chu, the hegemony of Jin would be shaken.
In the past, Lu did not listen to Jin Chu, only the strong obeyed, surrendered to Xiliang to rebel, and had no faith at all, so he forced Lu to return the land of Wenyang ceded by Qi after the Saddle War. This move naturally made Qi Qinggong very grateful and dismissed the struggle between the boudoir of the United Chu.
At the same time, Duke Jing of Jin accepted the strategy of uniting Wu to control Chu put forward by the witch officials who fled Chu, and sent the witch officials of Zhonggong to Wu, bringing a small number of Jin soldiers and personnel carriers to teach the Wu people the methods of chariot fighting and foot fighting. In this way, the state of Wu rose rapidly in the southeast and annexed the barbarian tribes to which Chu belonged, which became a great disaster for Chu.
After the joint success of Qi and Wu, Duke Jing of Jin's next step was to break up the Qin Chu League so as to divide it one by one. At this time, Chu was exhausted by the intrusion of Wu, and Duke Jing of Jin took this opportunity to try to make peace with Chu.
Duke Jing of Jin first released the captured Chu general Zhong Yi back to Chu in the winter of the fourth year of King Jian of Zhou (5S2 BC), which eased the tense relationship between Chu Jin and China for many years. Hua Yuan, a doctor in the Song Dynasty, saw the tendency of reconciliation between Jin and Chu, so he ran between the two countries to promote peace between the two countries.
In May of the seventh year of King Jian Zhou (579 BC), Chu Jin and other countries finally met in the capital of the Song Dynasty through the introduction of Huayuan. As soon as the two countries meet, they are no longer "irrelevant" and "like and dislike the same". "If you harm Chu, you will attack Jin, and so will Chu." The sum of Jin and Chu certainly has its own purpose.
Only by disintegrating the Qin Chu League can Jin avoid repeating the dilemma of fighting on both sides of the East and West, and find a chance to defeat either side. Although Chu has always been a friend of Qin and an enemy of Jin, it is now a great disaster for the rise of Wu, so in order to concentrate on dealing with Wu, it is also willing to make peace with Jin.
When Huayuan tried to reconcile Jin Chu, Jin Ligong, the son of Duke Jing of Jin, also tried to reconcile Qin. In the sixth year of King Zhou Jian (580 BC), Jin and Qin were in an alliance. At that time, Shi Xie, a doctor in the state of Jin, thought that public statements were insincere. After returning home, Gong really broke his word and wanted to make peace with Chu and Di Fajin. Chu refused his request and told Kim.
At this time, the boudoir in the state of Jin had eliminated the red mutuality in the east, but the mutuality people in the north still often colluded with Liang, which became the border problem in the north of the state of Jin. Now that we have reached the alliance and the threat of Jinnan has been lifted, we can concentrate on dealing with Qin and Di in the north. In the autumn of the seventh year of King Zhou Jian (579 BC), Qin Jun attacked the State of Jin and was defeated by the Jin army in Jiao Gang (now Jiaocheng County, Shanxi Province).
Then, Jin Ligong decided to attack the State of Qin, sent a doctor, Wei Xiang, to the State of Qin, announced that he had broken up with the State of Qin, and issued the longest crusade declaration in the Spring and Autumn Period. On the surface, this article is all historical facts, but it has profound strategic significance. In short: the first role is to deceive Chu, so that he does not attach importance to attacking Qin with gold.
The second function is to win the sympathy of all officials and win their help to attack Qin. Therefore, the first meeting of the State of Jin was to make peace with the State of Qin. If it failed, the historical facts accumulated for many years were announced, proving that the attack of the State of Jin on the State of Qin was caused by the accumulated grievances in the history of the two countries and had nothing to do with Chu. As for other princes, they also understood the grievances in the history of Jin and Qin. Jin wanted to make peace, but sincerely, he forced Jin to participate in the war for the third time to gain the sympathy of the governors. Chu was indeed deceived by this announcement and stood by when Qin was defeated.
In the eighth year of the reign of King Biejian (578 BC), Jin and Li guilds joined forces with the armies of Qi, Lu, Song, Wei, Zheng, Cao, Qi and Teng to attack Qin. The battle between Jin and Wei should not only give A Qin a thorough blow, so that it will no longer be a disaster in the western part of Jin, but also strive to make a quick decision to avoid being occupied by Chu for a long time. To this end, the state of Jin concentrated its absolute superior forces. In addition to all four armies, it also enlisted the troops of Qi, Lu, Song, Wei, Zheng, Cao, Yun and Teng, with a total strength of 654.38+200,000.
In the face of a strong enemy, the State of Qin launched a national army (about 40,000 to 50,000 people) to resist. In May of this year, the Jin army and the vassals went straight to the Ma Tunnel (now south of Jingyang County, Shaanxi Province), confronted each other, and then launched a surprise attack. Because Qin Jun was at a disadvantage and backed by the water mirror, all the forces east of the water mirror were wiped out, and the remaining forces retreated to Xianyang. Duke Xiang of Jin saw that the purpose of cutting Qin had been achieved, so he ordered the division to return.
Before the war of the Jin-Qin-Ma Tunnel, the State of Jin joined forces with Qi and Chu to isolate the State of Qin. However, the reason why Chu made peace with the State of Jin was that its rear was invaded by the State of Wu, which was the result of Duke Jing of Jin's policy of uniting with Wu. The number and speed of soldiers used in this campaign broke the historical record of the Spring and Autumn Period. After several generations, Qin was depressed, and the whole system was affected by this battle. Because the Jin army suffered heavy losses in this campaign, it relieved the threat from the west, and from then on it could fight against Chu with all its strength, so there was the battle of Yanling three years later.