In Kaifeng, a famous cultural city, street naming itself is a cultural phenomenon. Besides historical anecdotes, temples and old sites, there are many surnames. For example, Liu Fu Hutong was the residence of Liu Chang, a famous person in the early Qing Dynasty. Chang Lu, an official of the Ministry of Justice, is an upright official, not a powerful person, nor does he rely on talent to show off his achievements. But his "family background is quiet, and the audience does not know that he is an expensive official." His younger brother, Huang Liu, is a magistrate in Wenzhou. He has a good way to deal with Japanese invasion, which makes the Japanese frustrated and makes the people feel virtuous.
There are various hutongs named after production workshops, such as Youfang Hutong, Sauce Hutong, Roasted Chicken Hutong, Fried Rice Hutong, Black Ink Hutong and Spinning Hutong. Compared with the ancient books such as Dream of Tokyo and Dream of Dreams, which specially introduce Kaifeng, we can imagine the prosperity of commerce and handicrafts in that year.
Named after scenery and street trend, there are many things to see, such as Cui Hua Hutong, Xiuqiu Hutong, Chunshu Hutong, Portulaca oleracea Hutong, Shuiche Hutong, Sanyanjing (there is a well and three holes in the street), Guige Market (poultry market in Ming Dynasty), Beiyang Market (mutton market now), Erduoyan (tortuous street, like ears) and Fenghuang Lane (.
In addition, there are auspicious and benevolent names, such as Fushou Hutong, Aibo Hutong and Renyi Hutong.
In the name of an official, such as Xisi Hutong and Finance Hutong.
Few people are named by ordinal numbers, such as an alley and an alley.
Most hutong names have a "head". In Renyi Hutong in Ximenli, there is a story about Renyi. It is said that in the Qing Dynasty, two neighbors, Zhang and Li, argued over the size of the Great Wall. Once the Li family and the Zhang family squeezed a few feet, and the Zhang family wrote a letter to his son who was an official in Beijing, hoping to subdue each other with power. The son replied: "A thousand miles of books are walls, why not let him be a few feet?" Now I only see the city wall, but I don't see Qin Shihuang. " The Zhang family suddenly repented and took the initiative to let the wall go in a few feet, which moved the other party to make concessions. The two families got back together, and the hutong widened, so people renamed it Renyi Hutong.
Some hutongs have only one connection with the outside world, which is called a "dead end".
Some hutongs are as thin as sheep intestines, so you should squash yourself when you walk opposite.
Some of the same hutongs are different in width and shape.
Some hutongs themselves have many forks.
Some are very short. Children can play slingshots from one end to the other.
Some households are sparse and gloomy, such as Bafucang, which used to be a prison in the Qing Dynasty. Bafucang Hutong on the east side of Bafucang used to have only a high prison wall and no one else, so it always feels "creepy" to pass by.
The quadrangles in hutongs and alleys are mostly quadrangles. In the past, you didn't have to ask it when you walked across the street. Just look at the front door, and you can know whether the rich or the poor live in this yard. The quadrangles where rich people live all have gatehouses, some have halls and screen walls, and the gatehouses are higher than the streets. The richer they are, the more afraid they are. There are only two wooden doors or even simple fence doors in the courtyard of the poor family, and some of them have no doors at all. There is a hole in the adobe wall to enter. Anyway, poor families are not afraid of thieves stealing.
"People pay attention to living" is the first house that a family has lived in for a long time. If it is a multi-family miscellaneous house, those who live in the house are superior to other families in social and economic status. Most rich and powerful families are concentrated in the city center, so there are many gatehouses in hutongs around the city center; The poor live in remote areas around the city, so the Hutongli gatehouse in remote areas is rare. In the alley near the west gate, there are many rickshaw workers and plasterers. Most people in the north gate boil alkali; There are many irons and coals inside and outside the south gate. It is not easy for them to take care of their stomachs. How can they spare money to repair doorways? So it's a dilapidated scene. But rich or poor, they all like to plant some flowers and plants in front of and behind their houses to decorate their lives. As soon as the enough paper turns white, the flower seller will give a long, sweet cry: "Who wants the pink flowers?" This can't help but remind people of Lu You's famous sentence, "The small building listens to the spring rain all night, and the deep alley sells apricot flowers." The girls dyed their nails with peach blossoms to satisfy the love of beauty.
Visiting is the most common way for hutong residents to socialize. Women always bring a needle and thread when they visit, so they can talk and work correctly. Men, on the other hand, like to have dinner outside the yard when eating. When they see the delicious food in the bowl, they put on a chopstick, or squat or stand, laughing and cursing while eating. If they have a big appetite, they will eat with bowls. When housewives change dishes and make jiaozi, they always try it for other families in the same hospital. At night, the hutong becomes a children's world, playing various games such as "fighting on horseback", "riding a blind donkey", "crossing the city gate", "selling flowers" and "catching the old and boring".
History is advancing, times are developing, cities are developing, hutongs are changing, and people in hutongs are changing.
With the formation of modern urban structure, the towering high-rise buildings and the deepening of rapid transportation system, more and more urban alleys disappear in the roar of machines.