First, I must not deepen my understanding of the theory of scientific socialism.
Marxism includes three parts: Marxist philosophy, Marxist economics and scientific socialism, among which the theory of scientific socialism is the theoretical core of Marxism. Because, from the guidance of theory to practice, scientific socialism is more direct than Marxist philosophy and more comprehensive than Marxist economics to guide the liberation movement of the proletariat and all mankind. It is a general theoretical science to study how to change the capitalist world and build a socialist world. He mainly includes how to carry out a comprehensive struggle to change capitalism in the capitalist world centered on the working class and its ruling party, and accumulate socialist factors from three aspects; During the transition from capitalism to socialism, how to consolidate and develop the political power led by the working class and its political parties, and comprehensively carry out socialist transformation and construction with economic construction as the center; In the process of the development of socialist society from primary to advanced, how to promote and guide all-round socialist construction and socialist reform with the construction of working-class political power and working-class political parties as the pillar and economic construction as the center; Zeyang handled the relations between socialist countries in the socialist world and between the socialist world and the capitalist world well.
Scientific socialism has experienced three historic leaps. The first time was in11940s and 1990s, when the socialist utopia became a science. The second leap is the realization of socialist theory, and its representative event is the establishment of socialist Russia (Soviet Union). The third leap is in the process of realization. For more than half a century, more and more scientific socialists have gradually realized the bias and disadvantages of this model, and more and more socialist countries have reformed the socialist system. Although most countries' reforms ended in failure, China, Viet Nam and other countries have made great achievements.
Secondly, through the study of the course "Theory and Practice of Socialism", I have a clearer understanding of the setbacks and failures in the process of socialist development.
The establishment of the Soviet Union was a great historical leap from theory to practice of scientific socialism, which made the socialist system established for the first time in backward countries. Lenin pointed out that Russia was a military feudal country in the past, and building socialism on this basis should not be in a hurry to eliminate capitalism and small-scale production, but should make full use of the achievements of capitalist civilization and completely eliminate the legacy of feudalism. Can't rush to declare socialism; We should not rush to make the transition from socialism to communism. However, due to lack of experience and great pressure from home and abroad, it is difficult for the Soviet Union to explore its own development path independently. Later, due to the one-sidedness of Stalin's thought, some practices of the Soviet Union in a special period were generalized and absolutized, and the experience and model of Soviet socialist construction were regarded as the standard model. Coupled with Soviet big-party ism and great-country nationalism, the Soviet model was imposed on some countries that embarked on the socialist road after the war.
The Soviet model has its rationality in a specific historical period and promoted its early development. But in peacetime, it will show his defects and shortcomings. The socialist Soviet model formed during Stalin's period has its serious drawbacks, and it is permeated with military feudalism factors left over from Russian history. It is a distorted and revised Marxism, and some aspects of it seriously deviate from Marxism. If we do not reform the specific system and carry out major and comprehensive reforms, the superiority of the socialist system will not be reflected for a long time. If it continues for a long time, it will inevitably hinder the development of productive forces and will be abandoned by the people.
On the one hand, the setbacks and failures experienced by socialism in the 1990s are due to the interference and destruction of western capitalist countries; On the other hand, the internal understanding of Marxism and socialism is unclear and unscientific, and the theoretical construction and development of Marxism and socialism have not been carried out with the development and changes of the times and the international situation.
The setbacks and failures that socialism experienced in the 1990s were the failures of the highly centralized and autocratic socialist Soviet model, not the failures of socialism itself. Because socialism experienced setbacks and failures in 1990s, socialist countries such as China and Viet Nam reached a new climax of socialist construction through reform and opening up.
Three, the enlightenment of China's socialist development, and its influence on the world.
The disadvantages of the Soviet model itself and the lack of deep understanding of socialism in various countries have led to the continuous lack of vitality of the socialist system in improving the country's economic strength and people's living standards, which eventually led to the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the great changes in Eastern Europe, and the socialist cause fell into a trough on a global scale. However, the people of China are still striving to build the socialist system in China and have made remarkable achievements. At a time when the global socialist cause is at a low ebb, China has made such great achievements in socialist construction. I think the main reasons are as follows:
First, China attached great importance to the construction and improvement of socialist theory. China has theoretical guidance from long-term revolutionary practice. From the very beginning, China's revolution and construction were based on the requirements of Marxism and the actual national conditions of China, seeking truth from facts, constantly discovering and summing up successful experiences in practice, correcting mistakes, and constantly carrying out theoretical construction, and gradually forming Mao Zedong Thought and Deng Xiaoping Theory. Mao Zedong Thought and Deng Xiaoping Theory are the crystallization of China's collective wisdom and the products of countless people's wisdom and strength. Everyone emphasizes that practice is the only criterion for testing truth! 2 1 century, in the face of new situations and new problems in China's socialist construction, the collective leadership of our party also made decisions, analyzed these problems and situations from a developmental perspective, and put forward the "Theory of Three Represents" theory. At the same time, in view of various situations of social and economic development, the theory of building a harmonious society is put forward, which requires the whole party and the people of the whole country to establish and implement Scientific Outlook on Development.
Second, China's socialist construction always upholds the interests of the broad masses of the people and always aims at serving the people. The key to the rise and fall of the socialist system is whether the productive forces can develop and whether the people can support them. Only by safeguarding the interests of the broad masses of the people will the people support the party's leadership. In the new period, the emphasis on upholding Theory of Three Represents has maintained the vitality and vitality of the Party and ensured the relationship between the Party and the people that blood is thicker than water.
Third, China adheres to Scientific Outlook on Development, continuously deepens reform and opening up, absorbs the successful experience of the world, and constantly improves and develops itself. China insists on taking economic construction as the center and is inclusive, and develops itself by collecting successful experiences and theories from all over the world, thus realizing the rapid development of China's productive forces. The rapid development of national economy and comprehensive national strength proves that socialism is an advanced social system, and the successful development of China proves that socialism can still develop in this way. At the same time, China's steady reform line is also the guarantee for the success of China's socialist construction. Under the leadership of the party, we managed to cross the river by feeling the stones, and finally accumulated rich experience and strategies to deal with various possible problems, which ensured that there were no major twists and turns in our economic reform.
What we hear most now are words such as "China Model", "Oriental Dragon" and "G2", which show the increasing comprehensive strength of China and the world's recognition of China's achievements in socialist construction. The successful construction of China has guided a glorious road for the development and transformation of world socialism. At present, many people in many countries in the world are studying and reflecting on the reasons for the success and existence of socialism in China. People of insight in many western countries, including the United States, have realized that a strong and stable China is in the strategic interests of the United States. A divided China is not good for the strategic interests of the United States. In Mao Zedong Thought, China, Japanese are learning, Americans are learning, Latin American countries are learning, and the world is learning.
These are some of my experiences and gains from studying the course Theory and Practice of Scientific Socialism. At the same time, I still have some immature ideas about the teaching of ideological and political courses for reference only. First of all, it is worthy of recognition that by studying the course Theory and Practice of Scientific Socialism, I have deepened my understanding of socialism, strengthened my belief in socialism, and realized that the road to socialist construction is tortuous and the future is bright. Secondly, I feel that the course "Theory and Practice of Scientific Socialism" is too few, and many important theories and experiences have not been fully explained. Thirdly, I hope that teachers can make full use of multimedia resources in future teaching and show some historical facts more vividly through video materials.
In short, by studying the course "Theory and Practice of Scientific Socialism", I feel that the road of socialist construction is tortuous and the future is bright. China shoulders the heavy responsibility of socialist construction. We should uphold and develop socialism, make the socialist concept deeply rooted in people's hearts and make our due contribution to the liberation and development of all mankind.