In the middle of Neolithic Age, Baiyue and other aborigines lived in Shenzhen. Shenzhen has a county history of 1700 years, a history of Nantou City and Dapeng City of 600 years, and a history of Hakka immigration of 300 years. The urban history of Shenzhen is 65,438+0,673 years. As early as 1600 years ago, there was an immigration tide in Shenzhen, and mainlanders made great contributions to the development of Xin 'an.
Among the six counties under the jurisdiction of Dongguan County, Bao 'an County is the first one. County governance and county governance are in the same place, and it is an important transportation hub for rivers and seas and a military town for coastal defense. Xin 'an Old Town has created the source of Shenzhen's urban development and become the center of Shenzhen's political, economic and cultural life.
Historical changes are often manifested as "long separation, long separation". So is the development and change of Xin 'an Old Town.
In the sixth year of Jian 'an (507), Dongguan County was changed to Dongguan County, and Chenqian County was located in Zengcheng. In the second year from Tang Suzong to Germany (757), the name of Baoan County was changed to Dongguan, and the county administration moved from Nantou to Dongguan.
During the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Shenzhen was a foothold of Baiyue tribe's voyage to the West. The people living in the dune valley along the coast of Shenzhen are the Nanyue tribe, a branch of Baiyue tribe.
They make a living by fishing and sailing, and seldom cultivate the land. Since Qin Dynasty, it has been the land of Guangdong.
After Qin Shihuang unified China, in 2 14 BC, Nanhai, Guilin and Xiang Jun counties were established in Lingnan, and 500,000 people in Qin moved to develop. At that time, Shenzhen, which belonged to Nanhai County (Guangzhou was ruled by the county), was integrated into the Central Plains culture of the Qin Dynasty and later became the land of South Vietnam.
The Dahan Empire and the Eastern Han Dynasty belonged to Nanhai County, Jiaozhou (which governed most of Guangdong, Guangxi and Vietnam). Before the county was established in the Western Han Dynasty, it belonged to Yuedi and Nanyue (South Vietnam).
By the Five Dynasties, after the Song and Yuan Dynasties, some changes had taken place in the administrative subordination of Shenzhen. The Nantou City we see today is the "Dongguan Shouqianhu City" built by Cui Hao, a thousand households in Guangzhou, in the 27th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1394).
In the first year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (1573), Xin 'an County was established in Dongguan County, and this city was the county seat. According to archaeological discoveries in recent years, Shenzhen has a history of 6000 years.
According to the data of underground archaeological excavations and ancient sites on the ground, Shenzhen has a long history. The pottery and stone tools found in the ruins of Dahuangsha and Dameisha dunes show that human beings lived in this beautiful and rich land as early as the Neolithic Age five or six thousand years ago.
Created the glorious history and culture of Shenzhen. At present, it has been identified that there are cultural sites 103, 234 ancient tombs, 68 ancient buildings and historical memorial buildings, 97 modern historical sites and revolutionary memorial buildings, and old customs stations and boundary pillars 12 in Shenzhen.
After screening, the city announced three batches of 36 cultural relics protection units. Among them, Dapeng City and the boundary pillar of Zhongying Street were recognized as provincial cultural relics protection units by the provincial government on 1989.
Shenzhen is located in the south China sea coast, with coconut wind and sea rhyme, fine waves and white sand, and pleasant scenery. It has always been regarded as "the south gate of China, a scenic spot connecting the land". Since the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Shenzhen has played an important role in politics, culture, economy, transportation and coastal defense.
Archaeological data prove that as early as five or six thousand years ago in the Neolithic Age, human beings worked, lived and multiplied in this beautiful and rich land of Shenzhen. Since the Qin Dynasty, Baiyue residents in Shenzhen have been under the control of feudal centralization, and the Han Dynasty set up salt officials in Shenzhen. Tombs of the Han Dynasty have been found in Nantou, Xixiang, Shajing, Dapeng and Lizheng villages in Hong Kong.
Judging from the funeral and unearthed cultural relics, the advanced Central Plains culture had been integrated at that time. The Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern Dynasties lasted for more than 250 years, which was the heyday of Shenzhen. Located in Dongguan County, it leads to six counties such as Baoan and Xingning. Its jurisdiction covers the Pearl River Delta and Huiyang area. Bao 'an County at that time was probably Dongguan, Shenzhen and Hong Kong today.
In the Tang Dynasty, Shenzhen waters became the hub of maritime traffic. Nantou has a town, and there are soldiers in Lingnan Festival; In the Song Dynasty, the "Sea Patrol Division Camp" was established. In Song Dynasty, Shenzhen was an important hub of southern maritime trade, belonging to Xiangshan County, Guangzhou.
Rich in salt and spices. In the Yuan Dynasty, it was also famous for producing pearls.
Guangzhou Road in Yuan Dynasty and guangzhou fu in Ming Dynasty. The predecessor of Shenzhen was once named Xin 'an County. In A.D. 1573, China of the Ming Dynasty expanded the base area for defending thousands of households in Dongguan, established Xin 'an County, and built a county to govern Nantou, covering today's Shenzhen and Hong Kong.
The economy is dominated by salt, tea, spices and rice. The Ming Dynasty was the ZTE period in the history of Shenzhen. In the twenty-seventh year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1394), Nantou Dongguan was built to defend Qianhu City, and Dapeng was built to defend Qianhu City.
Later, Nantouzhai was established to form a military organization, which was called "the garrison outside Humen and the provincial capital Pingfan" to resist foreign invaders such as corona and pirates. In the 16th year of Zhengde in Ming Dynasty (152 1), the soldiers and civilians of Nantou, led by Wang Hong, a sea patrol, annihilated the Portuguese fleet in the waters of Nantou.
By the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty, the number of residents in Xin 'an County had reached 225,979. The population has increased greatly, and agricultural production, fishery and salt industry have developed greatly.
In the Qing Dynasty, it belonged to guangzhou fu, and it was widely used. 1July 842 to1April 898, China signed the treaty of nanking, the Beijing Treaty and the Special Provisions for Expanding the Hong Kong Border successively, and Hong Kong Island, Kowloon and the New Territories were ceded and leased to Britain.
So far, of the 3,076 square kilometers of land originally belonging to Xin 'an County,1055,438+0 square kilometers are not within its jurisdiction, and Shenzhen and Hong Kong have been divided and ruled since then. In the second year of the Republic of China (19 13), Xin 'an County was renamed Baoan County, and the administrative office was still located in Nantou City.
During the period from the old democratic revolution to the new democratic revolution, the people of Shenzhen wrote an epic chapter for national liberation. In particular, Dongjiang Anti-Japanese Guerrilla Column is active in Huidong and Baodi, cracking down on Japanese invaders and escorting cultural figures trapped in Hong Kong to the liberated areas, which has made great contributions to China's cultural undertakings.
During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, Nantou fell, and Baoan County was temporarily moved to Dongguan County. 1953, because Shenzhen is connected with the Guangzhou-Kowloon Railway, with a large population and prosperous industry and commerce, Zhidong in Baoan County moved to the Shenzhen market, which is 0/0 km away from Nantou/kloc.
1In March, 979, the central authorities and Guangdong Province decided to change Baoan County into Shenzhen City, under the dual leadership of Guangdong Province and Huiyang District. 165438+ 10 In October, * * Guangdong Provincial Committee decided to change Shenzhen into a provincial capital city. 1980 On August 26th, the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) approved the establishment of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone.
2. Discover the history around you-Yu Xia is a foothold for Baiyue tribe to explore the ocean. Qin Huang has three counties in Lingnan: Nanhai, Guilin and Xiang Jun. In 33 1 year, Dongguan County, which had six counties, probably covered today's Shenzhen, Dongguan and Hong Kong. In the tenth year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty, Dongguan County was abolished, Baoan County was changed to Nanhai County, and the county was governed in the south of Shenzhen today. In the second year of Tang Zhide, Baoan County was renamed Dongguan County, and the county magistrate moved to Dongguan.
In the Song Dynasty, the production of salt and spices in Shenzhen rapidly developed into an important trade base. In the Yuan Dynasty, because Shenzhen was close to the ocean, extensive pearl collection made Shenzhen the main producer of pearls in China.
In A.D. 1565, in order to resist the invasion of ancestors, the Ming Dynasty established Nantou Water Village in Nanshan Peninsula, which was a "guardian outside Humen and a screen vassal of the provincial capital" with a very wide jurisdiction. At the same time, during the Ming dynasty, all envoys of the fleet would stay in Shenzhen to hold a grand ceremony to worship the heavens and pray for a pleasant journey.
During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, the state established Xin 'an County with the aim of "getting rid of the old and innovating, turning the crisis into safety", covering today's Shenzhen and Hong Kong. Then, in the Qing Dynasty, with the beginning of the Opium War, the coastal areas of China became a treasure trove for the capitalist powers to carve up. Treaty of nanking released Hong Kong Island, Beijing Treaty cut Kowloon, and Extension of Hong Kong Border let the British lease the New Territories. At this point, Xin 'an County is incomplete.
During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, Shenzhen was controlled by Japanese invaders. 1953, due to Shenzhen's connection to the Guangzhou-Kowloon Railway, convenient transportation, large population and prosperous industry and commerce, Baoan County moved eastward to the Shenzhen market. Shenzhen was built in the ruins of the early Qing Dynasty. Shui Ze is densely covered in this area, and there is a big ditch beside the field, hence the name Shenzhou.
3. What is the representative of Shenzhen? The first city tree in Shenzhen is litchi tree, and the second city tree is mangrove.
According to authoritative data, litchi tree is the most planted tree species in Shenzhen. When litchi ripens, the fragrance of green leaves and red fruits overflows everywhere, making Shenzhen lush. Shenzhen is one of the main litchi producing areas in Guangdong province, so litchi tree is designated as the city tree in Shenzhen.
Litchi, also known as Dali, is an evergreen tree of Sapindaceae with more than 300 varieties. It is one of the four famous fruits in China and has the reputation of "king of fruits".
Shenzhen has a long history of cultivating litchi, which is an important litchi producing area in Guangdong Province. The main varieties are glutinous rice paste, cinnamon, black leaf, Hu Aizhi, princess smile, cinnamon green and so on.
Litchi tree is a beautiful ornamental tree, with lush leaves and thick buds all over the ground, which are round like a lid. Litchi is ripe, full of danguo, enchanting and gratifying. It looks like a sunset from a distance and a pearl from a close look, which is beautiful.
Litchi is sweet in fruit, rich in water and nutrition, so Su Dongpo, a great poet in the Song Dynasty, famously said, "Three hundred lychees a day, and when you grow up, you will be a Lingnan person." Every June and July, a large number of Hong Kong and Macao tourists go to the pear garden to taste litchi, which sometimes makes the host overwhelmed.
Shenzhen people are quite proud of litchi, not only as a gift for visiting relatives and friends, but also as a means to develop the economy. In the "city tree" selection from 1943 to 1986, litchi trees were widely accepted and honored as "city trees", showing a unique style.
Shenzhen Flower:
Rhododendron palmatum is also known as bougainvillea.
Rhododendron Rhododendron is vigorous, rough and easy to grow and has a long flowering period. Its bracts are as big as flowers, beautiful and bright. When the bracts are bright and colorful, it gives people a feeling of unrestrained enthusiasm, which embodies the infinite vitality and elegance of Shenzhen. Therefore, it was selected as the city flower of Shenzhen in 1986.
4. How did the arcade in Guangzhou and Shenzhen come into being? Architectural features and historical value of Guangzhou Qilou Street. Lingnan architecture is famous for its unique personality and artistic conception of returning to nature. Coupled with the unique climate and culture of Guangzhou, the architectural form of "arcade" came into being.
The arcade is a building that rides on the road. Guangzhou arcade street is built on both sides of the road and across the sidewalk. Rows of arcades form a spectacular building complex. Among the arcades in Guangzhou, the most ambitious areas are Xihaokou, Chang Di, Renmin South Road, No.10 Store, Shangxiajiu Road, Beijing Road, Zhongshan Fifth Road and so on.
The arcade buildings in these areas are not only strong, but also pay special attention to external modeling and decoration, which has high artistic value. In the decoration of these arcade buildings, we can see the forms of ancient Greece and Rome, as well as the typical baroque style; They have both the European Renaissance style and the eclectic form of combining Chinese and Western styles. Some of them also absorbed China's traditional pavilions and towers, flying over the walls, such as Aiqun Building, Xinya Hotel and South Building, all located in Long Beach.
Among them, Aiqun Mansion was built in 1937, with a height of 15, and was known as "the tallest building in South China" at that time. It adopts the shape of an American skyscraper and is magnificent. Combined with the characteristics of hot and humid climate in Guangzhou, it adopts a transparent ventilation combination, and the arcade columns are arranged around the street, which is ingeniously unified and coordinated with the arcade buildings in Long Beach area.
It not only has the style of western high-rise buildings, but also embodies the artistic characteristics of Lingnan architecture. And it is located at the corner of arcade street, with outstanding personality. Guangzhou Qilou Street, with its unique climate adaptability, compatibility of Chinese and Western architecture and diversity of artistic styles, has become a part of modern Chinese architectural art, showing the personality of Lingnan culture, the crystallization of Lingnan people's wisdom and the precious cultural resources of Guangzhou, a cultural city with a history of 2,000 years.
For example, the hutongs in Beijing and the alleys in Shanghai have attracted countless tourists from home and abroad. Visitors to Guangzhou are attracted by rows of Guangzhou arcades and left a deep impression on them. This is recorded in a large number of celebrity memoirs and travel notes.
We have every reason to believe that arcade street has become a feature of Guangzhou's urban architecture. Among the tourism cultural resources highly valued by the world, this is undoubtedly a major cultural heritage of Guangzhou. How can we easily abandon and destroy it? .
5. Historical background of Hong Kong Britain began to colonize Hong Kong in the First Opium War. At that time, the Qing Dynasty was defeated by the treaty of nanking signed with Britain on August 29th, 842, and Hong Kong Island and Ap Lei Chau were ceded to Britain.
1860 10. During the Second Opium War, the Qing Dynasty was defeated again and was forced to sign the Beijing Treaty, which handed over the south of the boundary street of Kowloon Peninsula and Stonecutters Island (known as the local area of Kowloon Division in history) to Britain. 1898, Qing * * signed the "Special Provisions on Expanding the Boundary of Hong Kong" with Britain, and leased 230 large and small islands with a total area of 975. 1 square kilometer from Britain, and called the leased land "New Territories" for 99 years.
From 1 898 July1to1997 June 30th. Thus occupying the whole territory of Hong Kong.
6. How about Shenzhen? There are many discussions about Suzhou PK Shenzhen on the Internet.
I'm also interested. I studied in Suzhou University for four years, and then I have been in Shenzhen.
I have lived in both cities. So you should have a say.
In terms of comprehensive strength, Suzhou and Shenzhen are not in the same class. I study finance, and most people around me will choose Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen and Guangzhou, which we call first-tier cities (except Hong Kong).
We will hardly consider Suzhou. Some of my friends who study science and engineering basically don't consider Suzhou in their job choices.
Mainly because Suzhou is dominated by foreign-funded manufacturing, and there are few R&D parts in high-end service industries (such as finance) and manufacturing industries. Let me compare it in detail: 1, region, population, dialect.
Suzhou covers an area of 8488 square kilometers (including 6 counties and cities such as Changshu and Zhangjiagang), most of which are fertile plains. Shenzhen has only six districts, unlike Suzhou, which also governs six counties and cities of Zhangjiagang and Changshu, with an area of 2,020 square kilometers, which is similar to that of Hong Kong in the south, only 1/4 in Suzhou, and about half of these 2020 square kilometers are mountainous, so the available land resources are only about 1/8 in Suzhou.
In 2006, the actual population of Suzhou and Shenzhen should both exceed100000. In Suzhou, it is conservatively estimated that at least half of the people are Wu-speaking aborigines, while in 1979, there are only 30,000 aborigines in Shenzhen, so most people in Shenzhen say that they are foreigners.
So some people say that Shanghai is Shanghai for Shanghainese, Suzhou is Suzhou for Suzhou, and Shenzhen is Shenzhen for the whole people. 2. Comparison of economic quantity.
In 2004, Suzhou's GDP was 345 billion yuan, Shenzhen's GDP was 342.3 billion yuan, and Suzhou's GDP surpassed Shenzhen's, which made Suzhou's leaders and some people very excited. Later, in the economic census, Suzhou's GDP was lowered and Shenzhen's GDP was raised.
I have a certain understanding of the economic operation mode of the two places, and Suzhou has much greater control over the economy than Shenzhen. Suzhou is a typical * * * oriented economic operation mode, and * * * has a strong ability to control GDP.
For example, an acre of land in Shanghai is assumed to be 65,438+10,000 yuan, and Suzhou only needs 5,000 yuan, and then people are forced to move out of their own land. When foreign capital came, migrant girls came, and Suzhou's GDP immediately flew.
The economic supervision in Suzhou is extremely strict. I have a friend who works as a treasurer in a factory in Suzhou. The transaction of 654.38 million yuan in their factory must be transferred by bank. In Shenzhen, it is normal to trade hundreds of thousands of cash.
Therefore, the phenomenon of tax evasion by local private enterprises in Shenzhen is a bit exaggerated. It is said that the turnover of several hundred million in a factory has been changed to several million. So Shenzhen's GDP is seriously underestimated.
It should be mentioned that this relaxed tax environment is very suitable for those entrepreneurs to start their own businesses. In fact, in the case of a large loss of tax revenue, the fiscal revenue of Shenzhen * * * is nearly three times that of Suzhou, and Shenzhen * * * does not lack that money.
When these entrepreneurs make their businesses bigger and more formal, they will become big taxpayers in Shenzhen. 3. Comparison of economic quality.
Suzhou is dominated by the low-end processing industry in the secondary industry, and even those parts of the famous top 500 enterprises in Suzhou are processing links with little technical content. There are few competitive brands in Suzhou.
Shenzhen also has a manufacturing industry, but its technical content far exceeds that of Suzhou. Huawei, ZTE, Tencent, TCL, Konka and other local enterprises have strong international competitiveness.
Shenzhen's financial industry is also very developed. There are local financial enterprises in Shenzhen, such as stock exchange, China Merchants Bank, Ping An Insurance, China Merchants Securities and Guo Xin Securities, and there are many Public Offering of Fund and private equity funds. The underground financial market in Shenzhen is also quite active. These are incomparable in Suzhou.
4. Possibility of Suzhou surpassing Shenzhen. Many Suzhou people firmly believe that Suzhou will surpass Shenzhen in 10, or even less than 10.
Judging from the GDP growth of the two places in 2006, Suzhou tends to surpass Shenzhen. However, there is a background that has to be mentioned, that is, in 2005, Shenzhen * * * no longer used GDP as the only indicator to evaluate the economy, and it has shouted the slogan of green GDP, while Suzhou * * * seems to be considering shouting the slogan of green GDP.
Therefore, from the perspective of GDP growth, it is a bit unreliable for Suzhou to surpass Shenzhen. Let's look at the reasons why Suzhou surpassed Shenzhen.
The key for a car to surpass another car is whether it has stronger power. When you get on the bus in Suzhou, you will find that the "old age card" and "old age card" keep calling, while in Shenzhen, you rarely find old people. According to the latest data, the average age of Shenzhen people is 26.
It is not easy for an aging city to surpass the youngest city in the world. Some Suzhou people will say that the quality of young people in Shenzhen is poor, but the latest data show that the proportion of people with bachelor degree or above in the SAR ranks first among all cities in China (excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan).
5. Cultural contrast. Some people will say that Suzhou has a history of 2,500 years and a profound cultural heritage, while Shenzhen is a barbarian land with no cultural heritage.
This reminds me of the thoughts of those adults in the late Qing Dynasty. "Our Qing Dynasty is a kingdom in China, with a history of 5,000 years and profound cultural heritage. Your little Britain is a savage land. "
Some people say that Shenzhen has no culture. Saying that Shenzhen has no culture is like saying that the unnamed lake in Peking University has no name.
In fact, culturally, Shenzhen does not belong to Cantonese culture. Shenzhen is an immigrant city, and its culture is diverse, just like the United States in those days. When you get on the bus, you will find that people speak Mandarin instead of Cantonese.
The hard work of immigrants for many years has formed a culture of hard work and innovation in Shenzhen. There are young people here who want to get rich. They have dreams and work hard for them. They are the future and hope of China.
Suzhou people, including Shanghai people, live a comfortable life and have a small endowment. In Shenzhen, people are the fairest.
There is no difference between Suzhou natives and outsiders. 6. Public safety issues.
There are many negative reports about public security in Shenzhen on the Internet. Shenzhen is an immigrant city, and the public security pressure is great, but so is the public security.
My mobile phone was almost stolen when I came to Shenzhen, which is my most direct impression of Shenzhen's public security. As far as I know, there are many thieves in Suzhou, but a 27-year-old beauty died, my colleague who was an intern in Suzhou.
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