It's hot now, all because of the greenhouse effect. However, there was a rare high temperature weather in the history of China, which lasted for eight years, namely 1743. The first industrial revolution took more than 20 years to happen. There is no so-called greenhouse effect and no heat island effect. There is a high temperature of 44 degrees, which is even hotter than the 42.4 degrees of 1999!
How miserable is the rare high temperature in Qianlong for eight years?
The life of modern people is really comfortable. Whether it is home air conditioning or company air conditioning, they have air conditioning in their cars when they travel. In the worst case, electric cars and bicycles are better than walking. Without air conditioning, electric fans, or earth air conditioning like Indians, how can you have a little fun!
This air conditioner must cool down quickly ... haha.
However, in 1743, there is no other good way to cool down except the cold water in the Pufan well, and the high temperature is accompanied by drought, and there is no good way to dig deep wells to extract groundwater, so this high temperature is a big deal!
The "Fushan County Records" in Fushan, Shanxi Province records that "it is hot in summer and May, and pedestrians on the road are mostly frozen to death, especially in the capital, and some vendors drifting in Beijing are also killed by heat."
"Tianjin County Records" records: "May was bitter and hot, with earth and stone scorched and gold flowing from the masthead, and many people died of heat."
Continued from Donghua Record: "June, Chen Bing, Shu Wei, Shi Jing."
Literally, you don't need to understand the meaning of every word. You probably mean that it is hot and many people die for it, but there is a great tragedy hidden behind the exquisiteness of Chinese. What is its concept?
Emperor Qianlong offered sacrifices to heaven
Modern people cope with drought by diverting water for irrigation and pumping groundwater, as well as weather forecast and artificial rainfall. What should the ancients do? It's too late for this man to build ditches and dig wells! Emperor Qianlong, who was not too angry, also panicked. Memorial halls all over the country have expressed the same meaning. High temperature and drought can plug fists in cracks in the ground. After all, the heat is accompanied by drought, and food is the first thing for the people. If they don't stutter, the world will be in chaos. In the history of famine years, there are not a few people who rose up and rebelled.
Therefore, in order to appease people's hearts and pray for rain from heaven, Emperor Qianlong led a hundred officials from Changchun Garden to pay tribute to Shengjing's ancestral tomb on July 6, and made a letter to the world. The general idea is that everything is wrong, that is, Lao Tzu is wrong. Don't complain, let the drought year pass quickly.
Then it was announced to the world that the imperial court allocated relief materials and set up porridge factories in various places to help the victims, but to no avail, it still didn't rain! From July 20th to 25th, the six-day average temperature in North China was above 44 degrees Celsius, grain soared, water resources were in short supply, and water was more expensive than oil. By the end of July, the death toll in Beijing and other places had exceeded 1. 1.4 million.
How did the summer high temperature season of 1743 happen?
In fact, there was hot weather before the Qing Dynasty, which was the eighth year of Jiading in the Southern Song Dynasty (A.D. 12 15):
"Each line is worth 100 yuan, and a glass of water in Jianghuai is worth tens of dollars."
It is also exaggerated, but the range and intensity of that hot day are far from 1743. How did this happen in those days? It is a pity that there was no meteorological data at that time, and even the high temperature at that time was inferred from the relatively scientific records left by missionaries. The temperature is estimated to be around 44.4 degrees Celsius!
However, in modern times, there is also a high temperature day of 1999, which spans from June 24 to July 2, and the scope is quite wide: the natural causes of high temperature can be referenced throughout North China.
1Before the high temperature weather appeared at the end of June, 1999, Central Asia and Northeast China were controlled by the trough of low pressure, and the south of Lake Baikal was controlled by the ridge of high pressure in northern China. However, the circulation in the middle and high latitudes of Eurasia is very radial, and the high-pressure ridge south of Lake Baikal extends in the latitudinal direction, which affects Beijing and North China for a long time during the eastward movement.
However, the trough of low pressure in Northeast China, the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea restricted its eastward movement, which made the ridge of high pressure unable to move further eastward, which directly led to the continuous influence of the extension of the ridge of high pressure in North China, and a rare high temperature day appeared, with the highest temperature reaching 42.4 degrees Celsius! But there was a flood disaster in the south, which was a drought in the north and a flood in the south in 1999.
The high temperature weather in 1743 can only be said to be similar to this situation, except that the year lasted longer, but it was difficult to restore the meteorological data at that time and we could only speculate. Meteorologists also want to know the occurrence process of this extreme weather, so as to give an early warning when there are signs in the future.
The people suffered, and the royal family spent the summer safely.
Eight years of high temperature caused many deaths and injuries, but the royal family survived. Although the high temperature made the emperor's old son sad, fortunately, he still had cold drinks to eat:
"The ice tray and snow basket turned cold, tossing and turning, and my heart was next to Li Qian."
Eating cold drinks and thinking about people suffering from drought. Although it looks so fake, the emperor of the feudal dynasty can still write a poem for the people, that's all!
This cold drink is iced. It is made of ice excavated in winter and stored in the cellar. Then it is used to ice all kinds of drinks in summer, and even ice is directly used to make iced drinks. This practice began as early as the Warring States period, which means that drinking an iced drink in hot summer has become very popular.