Type method
The types of reflection can be vertical reflection, horizontal reflection, individual reflection and collective reflection, and the methods of reflection can be action research, comparison, summary, dialogue, video recording, portfolio and so on.
Longitudinal reflection and action research methods
That is to think and sort out one's own teaching practice as a cognitive object in the historical process. At the same time, students' feedback is constantly obtained and analyzed as another cognitive object. Finally, two specific cognitive objects rub together and integrate thinking. The idea of primary school teaching runs through your teaching career, not a special task at a certain stage. I think therefore I am, and I think therefore I am new.
Transverse reflection comparison method
Teaching reflection needs to jump out of self and reflect on self. The so-called "jumping out of self" means to communicate frequently in the classroom, study the teaching strengths of others, learn from others' strengths, find out the differences in thoughts and analyze the differences in means and methods through study and comparison, so as to improve themselves. Of course, whether using action research or comparative method, we all need to learn advanced education and teaching theories, improve our theoretical level, and reach the realm of "reaching the peak, the other mountains all appear dwarfs under the sky.".
Personal reflection summary method
"Thinking after class": It is very important for new teachers to sum up their thoughts after a class and write a class or teaching diary. "Think after a week" or "think after a unit": that is, after a week of class or a unit, reflect, cross the river by feeling the stones, and correct the problems in time when found; "Thinking after the month": finishing a month's teaching activities; "Mid-term thinking": that is, the popular mid-term quality analysis, which is a relatively complete stage analysis. Pass the mid-term exam, hold a student forum, listen to opinions, and conduct a complete integrated thinking; You can also reflect on a semester, a school year or a teaching link.
Collective reflection and dialogue methods
Collective reflection refers to observing the teaching practice of oneself and colleagues with colleagues, and having a dialogue and discussion with them on practical issues. This is an interactive activity, which focuses on successful sharing, cooperative learning and common improvement among teachers, and helps to build a cooperative learning community. As the saying goes, "bystanders are clear, but the authorities are confused." Examining one's own teaching practice from the perspective of others can make one have a clearer understanding of the problems and obtain a wide range of ways to solve them. Teachers observe each other's teaching and record what they see and hear in detail. You can also use the camera to shoot teaching activities and organize watching. Each observing teacher writes a reflection on teaching, analyzes it according to his own teaching practice, urges everyone to think separately, and then discusses it together. In view of the common confusion in teaching, each teacher gives his own opinions and puts forward ideas to solve the problem. "Even if there is a conflict of understanding, it is also an opportunity for wisdom collision and learning." Paying attention to the cooperation and dialogue between teachers is an important feature of reflective teaching. Reflection is not only "thinking behind closed doors", but also an important way to communicate with the outside world, which is determined by the sociality of teaching and learning. In addition to collective reflection among colleagues, educational research scholars can also be invited to intervene, put forward promotional and targeted suggestions, and urge teachers to constantly reflect, so as to gain a newer and more comprehensive understanding.
The proposal of collective reflection and the deepening of the new curriculum reform require our teachers to have brand-new educational ideas, comprehensive educational and teaching abilities and brand-new teaching behaviors. Therefore, the government, education administrative departments and schools provide teachers with education and teaching training at all levels to improve their professional level and promote their professional development, so that we can really shoulder the heavy responsibility of implementing the new curriculum. Therefore, on this basis, we teachers must achieve self-improvement in various ways and promote their professional development. Among many ways of self-improvement, teaching reflection is undoubtedly a very effective one. However, teachers' personal reflection activities belong to personal reflection. Due to the influence of their own quality, observation perspective, knowledge and experience, professional development level and other factors, their reflection content and degree are low. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce "collective reflection" on the basis of teachers' personal reflection. "Personal wisdom is just dew in the grass, and collective wisdom is a long river." "Collective reflection" can effectively make up for the lack of teachers' personal reflection and activate each teacher's teaching wisdom with collective wisdom. We can brainstorm in communication and collision, inspire each other and improve together. Only by integrating individual reflection into "collective reflection" can individual reflection have broader value and individuals can gain more from "collective reflection". At the same time, "collective reflection" can establish an effective connection between teacher education, teaching and training and self-improvement, so as to effectively integrate collective training with personal growth and jointly promote teachers' professional development.
The significance of collective reflection
1, know and change yourself
This learning method itself is based on the topic of how to change personality. By tracing back to the source, we can realize ourselves and change ourselves. The ultimate goal of collective reflective learning is to change our thinking, behavior and personality. From the unconscious to the conscious, from the conscious to the subconscious and then to the subconscious, this process itself is a process of cognition, understanding, learning, action and habit. The method of collective reflective learning can realize this process and make Excellence a habit.
2. Cultivate a good mode of thinking
Collective discussion is an effective way to break the mindset and break through the limitations of thinking. Each of us has limitations, which are determined by our growth, education, experience, study and other factors, and once we have them, they will be solidified and deeply rooted. Sometimes people can't understand other people's different ideas, and these different ideas represent different mental models and different thinking models. We can correct our thinking mode and mental mode through reflective learning. The world should be pluralistic, allowing different voices and accommodating all kinds of thoughts and reflections.
3. Improve the ability to solve problems
This way of thinking of solving and analyzing problems can undoubtedly exercise and enhance our ability to solve problems. Following this way of thinking, we can thoroughly find the root of the problem and find effective prevention methods. This method coincides with the management method of continuous improvement of all employees advocated by enterprises. Ideas and methods are in the same strain, but collective reflection learning has been further deepened.
4. Master a learning method
As a working method of philosophers, reflection is increasingly adopted by ordinary people, especially managers. Reflection is a tool of experiential learning, and experience can only be sublimated into experiential knowledge through reflection. Both life and work need reflection. In fact, each of us is thinking all the time, but our thinking needs to be further strengthened.
An analysis of the limitations of collective reflection
1, lack of understanding of learning concepts and methods.
The rapid changes in today's society and environment require organizations and individuals to have excellent learning ability. Learning and adapting to this change poses new challenges to us. Let us have a new understanding of learning. Personal learning has been extended to lifelong learning and organizational learning. Not only to learn theoretical knowledge, but also to learn quickly in practice and new things, and learn from all objects in social and economic life. The way of learning is also constantly updated. In addition to the traditional learning methods, learning based on online media has brought great changes to our work and life, and cultivating learning organizations and knowledge management has provided us with the future direction. Failure to recognize these changes in learning has brought certain difficulties to collective reflective learning.
2, it is difficult to get rid of self-awareness.
We can't get rid of the shackles of self-awareness, and our thoughts and actions are often shrouded in the shadow of "self-awareness". We were originally asked to ignore "I", but we still can't jump out of the strange circle of "I", and the influence of the subconscious mind is too deep. It is difficult to make subjective self-judgment, and it is impossible to recognize objective facts, which include people and things with objective facts. Most people are still mixed with personal emotional factors and deep-rooted ideas in collective reflective learning, which is a serious obstacle to collective reflective learning.
3. Individuals and organizations are not open enough.
Modern society is full of crisis of trust. The social culture of distrust makes each of us put on a mask, trying to disguise and hide our true thoughts, and unwilling to expose our true selves easily. People tend to be conservative and complacent, and everyone is used to fortification psychologically. How to overcome organizational defense psychology is also the research focus of organizational behavior. The lack of openness of individuals and organizations will limit everyone's inner openness, thus affecting collective reflection.
4, academic performance is difficult to track and test.
The performance of collective reflection on learning achievements can be measured at the work level, but it is very difficult at the personal cultivation level, and it takes a long time, so the effect can not be seen in a short time, that is, there is a long "time lag". Only after long-term adjustment and correction can the results of learning become habits, in-depth thinking, and become a part of personality. These are difficult to track and test, but for human nature, they tend to see short-term benefits, pay little attention to long-term effects, and are unwilling to make long-term investments.
Specific model template
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