& lt Li Mu >
Li Mu was a native of Zhao in the Warring States Period. His life activities can be roughly divided into two stages.
The first paragraph is on the northern border of Zhao, fighting against Xiongnu; The latter is to participate in political and military activities in North Korea.
Throughout his life, he was mainly active on the historical stage as a military commander.
About the middle period of Zhao Huiwen (298 BC-266 BC), Li Mu had become a frontier general with rich military strategy. He often lives in Yanmen County (now north of Ningwu, Shanxi Province). According to the actual needs, he established a government official, and all the local rents were paid to the shogunate as military expenses.
He is very kind to soldiers, killing a few cows every day to reward his soldiers; He pays attention to improving combat capability and trains foot soldiers to ride and shoot every day; He has strict defensive measures, sends personnel to spy on the enemy and sends out alarm signals at any time.
He agreed with the military and civilians that once the Huns invaded, they would retreat into the fortress as soon as possible without an attack order, and they were not allowed to attack easily.
After several years of persistence in this way, the army did not suffer any casualties or losses, and formed a well-equipped and high-quality border defense force.
However, the Huns thought that Li Mu was timid, and some people thought that their generals were timid after the military attack. Therefore, they often talk about it.
When Zhao Wang heard the rumor, he blamed Li Shou.
Li Mu ignored it, angered the prince of Zhao, called him back to the DPRK, and sent someone to replace him.
The new general has been guarding the border for more than a year. As soon as the Huns invaded, they led troops to fight.
Most of the battles were defeated, with heavy losses and heavy casualties, and the border people could not carry out normal agriculture and animal husbandry.
The prince of Zhao asked Li Mu to go out again, but Li Mu declined politely, insisting that he was ill and didn't want to leave home.
Wang Zhao repeatedly reluctantly said:
Li Mucai said: "The King will still use ministers as before, but he dares to be ordered." The prince of Zhao agreed, so Li Mu went to the border again.
Li Mu, as always, the Huns still got nothing for several years. But after all, the Huns still think that Li Mu is timid, border soldiers are pampered, and they all want to demand World War I after repeated wars and defeats.
So Li Mu chose 1.3 million chariots, 1.3 million fine riders, 50,000 warriors and 6,543.8+0,000 shooters, and stepped up the drills. At the same time, the border people's animal husbandry was indulged, which made the people full of wild land and induced the Huns to invade.
When the Huns invaded, Zhao pretended to be defeated and left thousands of people to the enemy.
The Huns were greedy for people's property, so they led an army to invade, and a strange array appeared in Li Mu.
Attack the enemy on both sides and defeat the Huns with 65438+100000 riding.
They destroyed barnyard grass one by one, attacked East Lake, surrendered to Hu Lin, and Khan escaped.
10 dare not go near Zhaobian City for many years.
As Li Mu ensured the security of the border of Zhao,
In order to enable Zhao's monarch and subjects to cope with the annexation war without any worries,
In fact, every victory of Lin Xiangru, Lian Po, Zhao She and others in the political and military struggle was supported by Li Mu.
Li Mu entered the DPRK about 20 years after filial piety became king (246 BC).
This year, he was transferred back to North Korea to handle state affairs and sent to Qin as prime minister.
The Covenant was made to let Qin return the protons of Zhao Guo.
Two years later, Wang Xiang ascended the throne.
At that time, Zhao She and Lin Xiangru were dead, Lian Po and Le Cheng both left other countries, and Li Mu became an important official in the DPRK.
In the second year of mourning (243 years ago), he led troops to capture Wusui (now west of xushui county, Hebei Province) and Fangcheng (now south of Gu 'an County, Hebei Province) of Yan.
At this time, after Thailand quickly annexed a large area of Wei's land and forced Wei to yield,
Oppose giving the main force to Zhao.
In the second year of Jian 'an (the first 234 years), Qin Jiang Huan () captured Pingyang (now west of Linzhang County, Hebei Province) and Wucheng (now west of Wucheng County, Shandong Province) of Zhao, killed Zhao generals and beheaded 654.38+ 10,000.
Three years (the first 233 years) heavily attacked Zhao.
Zhao sent Li Mu as a general, who was defeated in Yi 'an (now southwest of Gaocheng County, Hebei Province), and Huan (Yaqi) fled after being defeated.
The king of Qin was furious and sought Huan (strange tooth) (also known as Fan) first with a thousand pounds of gold.
It can be seen that this great victory dealt a great blow to Qin, and Zhao got a breathing space.
Because of his great achievements, Li Mu was named Wu Anjun.
In the fourth year of Jian 'an (the first 233 years), the State of Qin once again sent troops to attack Zhao (now Pingshan County, Hebei Province).
Li Mu attacked and fled, but Zhao suffered great military losses.
At that time, Han and Wei accepted the orders of Qin and followed the attack on Zhao.
To this end, Li Munan levied to resist the attack of Han and Wei Dynasties.
In the seventh year of Zhao Zheng Qian (the first 229 years), Wang Jian, a general of the State of Qin, attacked Zhao on a large scale.
Shangdang led his troops down to Jingxing (now Jingxing County, Hebei Province), and Yang Rui and Hejian led his troops into Handan, the capital of Zhao State.
Zhao sent Li Mu and Sima Shang to resist, and they remained at loggerheads until the following year.
Due to years of wars, earthquakes in the north and widespread famine, Zhao's national strength has been very weak.
The bigger worry is still in North Korea, where the groggy Wang Zhao has moved.
I believe Guo Kaichong, a spy of Qin who framed Lian Po.
Qin couldn't win quickly on the battlefield, so he went against his old plan and bought it with a lot of money.
Make it falsely accuse Li Mu and Sima Shang of rebellion.
Zhao did not make an analysis, and immediately sent Zhao Bi and Qi to replace Li Mu and Yanju.
Li Mu refused to surrender military power for the sake of the country and continued to fight bravely.
Zhao Wang and Guo Kai secretly reconnoitred, caught them while they were unprepared, and killed them.
And deposed Sima Shang.
Three months later, Wang Jian defeated Zhao Jun, killed Zhao Bi and captured Zhao Wangqian and Yan Ju alive.
Handan was captured and Zhao was destroyed.
Li Mu was the best general in the six eastern countries at the end of the Warring States Period.
His innocence was killed, which made all future generations lament.
In Zi Zhi Tong Jian, Li Mu's murder was linked with Zhao's death:
"Zhao Zhi relied on Li Mu and killed him quickly."
Sima Qian in Historical Records? Wang Zhao moved to "his mother advocates it",
No, trust is no good. Therefore, he defeated his mentor Li Mu and followed Guo Kai.
It may not be appropriate to criticize Wang Zhao's actions, which angered his mother.
But his indignation is connected with the reader's heart. This indignation.
It plays a strong and profound educational role and is also a comfort to patriots.
& lt Lian Po >
At the end of the Warring States, the seven vassal states of Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao, Wei and Qin,
Everyone wants to dominate the world, the struggle of mutual annexation is fierce, and the bonfire of war has burned all over China.
Frequent wars have produced many military strategists.
Lian Po of Zhao was a famous general who was active on the military stage at that time.
At that time, the territory of Zhao State included Hebei, Henan, Shaanxi and parts of Northeast China.
Handan, the capital of China, has always been a military stronghold.
After Shang Yang's political reform, Qin, the western neighbor of Zhao, became stronger and stronger, and its power expanded eastward.
Zhao is facing the threat of being gradually eroded by Qin. Zhao Yilian was quite dry, which made it difficult for Qin to move eastward.
He is brave and good at fighting and is famous all over the world. For more than forty years, he has made immortal contributions to Zhao's survival.
In 306 BC, Zhao Haoqi, king of Qin, acceded to the throne. After he stabilized the domestic situation,
He kept sending troops to attack Zhao.
Lian Po led the Zhao army to fight back, repelled several attacks by Qin Jun, and forced the king of Qin to make peace with Zhao.
285 years ago, Zhao Haoqi, king of Qin, and Zhao Huiwen agreed to hold talks in Zhongyang (now west of Zhongyang County, Shaanxi Province).
Qin temporarily stopped attacking Zhao.
In 283 BC, Lian Po led the Zhao army to defeat Qi and occupied (now Yuncheng County, Shandong Province).
At that time, he was worshipped as Shangqing by King Zhao Huiwen and presided over the military affairs of Zhao State.
Since then, Lian Po's fame has spread all over the vassal states, keeping Zhao in a strong position.
In 265 BC, the Qin and Zhao armies confronted each other in Changping (now Xiaxia, Gaoping County, Shanxi Province).
At this time, Zhao Huiwen died, and his son Zhao Chengxiao succeeded to the throne.
Zhao's national situation is not as good as before. Lian Po was the commander-in-chief of the Zhao army. In view of the weak situation of Qiang Qin and Zhao Wei,
Take the defensive, build a base and stick to it, and don't confront Qin Jun.
Qin Jun challenged many times, but Lian Po failed to persist and tried to stick to the other side with a long wall.
Forcing Qin Jun to retreat without a fight.
Qin Jun was defeated in many wars, so he tried his best to get rid of Lian Po.
They spread rumors: "Qin Jun is not afraid of Lian Po, but Zhao Kuo. If Zhao Kuo becomes a general,
Qin will fail. 」
The prince of Zhao didn't know it was a plan, so he believed the rumor and complained that Lian Po insisted on the war.
Lost its national prestige and sent Zhao Kuo instead of Lian Po.
Although Zhao Kuo has been familiar with the art of war since he was a child, he lacks practical experience and will only be an armchair strategist.
He commanded the army to engage in war with Qin Jun and was beaten out of the water.
Zhao Kuo himself was killed, and more than 400,000 officers and men of Zhao were killed by Qin generals in Tian Lei.
At this time, the prince of Zhao regretted it and had to reuse Lian Po's armies.
In 25 1 year BC, the prince of Yan followed the advice of Li Fu, the prime minister.
I thought that after the battle of Changping, there were only some old, weak and sick people left in Zhao.
Probably had the opportunity, so he sent troops to attack Zhao.
Zhao fought bravely under the command of Lian Po, defeated the Yan army and killed the master of Yan State.
And pushed forward, surrounded the Yan state, which had to cede territory for peace.
Lian Po was named Xin Pingjun for his works, representing Guo Xiang.
Lian Po is not only brave and good at fighting, but also has the overall situation in mind, knows the general situation, is brave in correcting mistakes, and has high moral character.
This made him outstanding among the military generals at the end of the Warring States period and was respected by all countries.
In 279 BC, Lin Xiangru, a diplomat of the State of Zhao, foiled the trick of the King of Qin.
Defended national dignity, was worshipped as Shangqing, ranking above Lian Po.
At first, Lian Po was unconvinced by the meritorious military service and threatened to humiliate Lin Xiangru in public. But Xiang Ru always takes the initiative to avoid it.
Later, Lian Po knew that Lin Xiangru put national interests first and did not allow Qin to take advantage.
I was humiliated, gave in everywhere, felt ashamed, and untied my coat.
Go to Lin Xiangru's home to confess.
Seeing Lan Xiangru, he knelt down, sincerely admitted his mistake and asked for forgiveness.
From then on, they became good friends through thick and thin.
And * * * politicians and military strategists who helped Zhao strengthen his national strength.
This is the origin of the famous story of "making peace" and the allusion of "offering a humble apology".
Knowing that Lian Po and Lin Xiangru would make peace, Qin was afraid to invade Zhao again easily for a long time.
In his later years, Lian Po was deprived of the military power because the prince of Zhao listened to rumors, so he had to live in a foreign country, but he still missed Zhao, and finally died of depression.
& lt Tian Lei >
Bai Qi was a native of Qin during the Warring States Period.
He made good use of soldiers, served Zhao Haoqi, the state of Qin, and led troops to attack Korea, Wei, Zhao and Chu.
Before and after, he won more than 70 cities and sealed Wu Anjun's merits.
In the forty-seventh year of Qin Zhao (260 BC), the king of Qin attacked Zhao.
Zhao will stick to Lian Po, but Qin can't.
Qin people turned against each other and said, "Qin is not afraid of Lian Po, but only Zhao Kuo. 」
Wang Zhao believed it and let Zhao Kuo take the place of Lian Po.
Qin Yin made Bai as the general to attack Zhao, and Zhao Kuo attacked it.
Pretending to be defeated, Zhao chased him. Stick to the checkpoint, Zhao is not allowed to enter.
Two Indiana Jones were born in vain; One is the route for providing foodstuff for Zhao Dajun; A unique wall separates Zhao and divides Zhao into two.
When Zhao Jun was defeated, he built a wall and stood firm.
When the king of Qin heard about it, he sent militiamen over fifteen to Changping to besiege the Zhao army.
For forty-six days, Zhao's grain was destroyed and grain was killed.
Zhao Kuo broke out and divided into four teams. After four or five passes, he wouldn't come out.
Zhao Kuo's sharp soldiers killed each other, and Qin Jun shot Zhao Kuo. Zhao bing lost 400 thousand and fell to.
Tian Lei, kill it. Send more than 200 young and old to Zhao. Zhao shocked the whole country.
The prime minister of Qin was afraid that he would have a high success, saying that the king of Qin had a truce and there was a gap between Xu and Xu.
Leitian called himself sick. Qin made the tomb attack Zhao Handan and made little profit.
The king of Qin wanted Bai Qi to replace the tomb, but it was not easy to attack Bai Qi with Handan.
Qin Jun lost a lot, and the king of Qin urged Fan Ju to persuade him. Tian Lei finally said he couldn't get sick.
The king of Qin was furious and moved to Xianyang, giving himself a sword.
Bai Qi sighed, "Why did I violate the heaven?" ! 」
For a long time, he said, "I want to die." And then committed suicide.
(? -220 BC), a native of Dongxiang, Pingyang (now northeast of Fuping, Shaanxi Province), was a famous Qin.
It is said that Prince Jingzong of Zhou Lingwang is called the Wangs, and Wang Jian is Jing Zong's 14th grandson because he thinks he is his surname.
Wang Jian was a good soldier since he was a child, and later he became the attendant of the king of Qin. Qin learned the art of war from him and was named the general king.
In the eleventh year (236 BC), the king of Qin took Wang Jianwei as general.
Together with Huan Kun and Yan, they separately sent troops to attack Zhao in the name of saving Yan.
Seize the nine cities of Kui and He (now Heshun, Shanxi) in the Zhangshui River Basin.
The three armed forces were also under the command of Wang Jian, who reorganized the army.
Nine times out of ten soldiers and officers fight for food or less.
It took only eighteen days to capture the tenacious military town of Ye (now Linzhang, Hebei Province).
The occupation of this city paved the way for Qin to destroy Zhao.
Later, he and Zhao fought for Li Mu many times. Although Li Mu won many times, his troops suffered heavy losses.
The country has also lost a lot.
In the seventeenth year (230 BC), there was a famine in the early morning of Zhao.
The following year, Qin took the opportunity to send troops to attack Zhao, and Wang Jian led troops from Shang Jun to Jingxing (now Jingxing, Hebei).
Zhao will meet Li Mu and Sima Shang, and Qin will make Zhao kill Li Mu.
Sima Shang was abolished and replaced by Zhao Cong and Yan Ju.
After more than a year's battle, Wang Jian defeated Zhao.
Kill Zhao Cong, defeat Yanju, win Han and capture Wang Zhao. Qin set up Handan County.
Zhao's half-brother, Gong Zijia, led hundreds of people from his clan to flee to the Dai Dynasty (now northeast of Yuxian County, Hebei Province).
Self-reliance is king.
In 227 BC, Yan Taizi Dan ordered Jing Ke to stab the king of Qin.
After the defeat, the king of Qin sent Wang Jian and Xin Sheng to attack the Yan State, and defeated the Yan Army to the west of Xiao.
The following year, the prince took Ji Cheng and fled to Liaodong.
Li Xin, commander-in-chief of the Qin Dynasty, led the army to chase after him. Prince Taizi Dan fled to Yanshui, so the prince had to kill Prince Taizi Dan and offer Qin.
Wang Ben, the son of Wang Jian, became a general at this time, and led troops to destroy Wei in 225 BC.
The state conquered Sanjin and Yan Dou, and defeated the Chu army again and again. The king of Qin decided to capture Chu in one fell swoop.
He asked Li Xin, "I want to capture Chu. How many troops do you think I need? 」
Li Xin replied, "Two hundred thousand is enough. 」
Qin Wangzheng asked Wang Jian again:
Wang Jian said: "It must be 600,000. 」
Qin said, "General Wang is really old. Why are you so timid? 」
So Li Xin was the main general and Montaigne was the general, leading 200,000 troops to attack Chu.
Seeing that his opinions were not used by the king of Qin, Wang Jian retired to other places on the grounds of illness.
The Qin army was divided into two roads, and Li Xinjun attacked Pingyu (now Pingyu North, Henan).
Breaking the cocoon (now Shouchun, Anhui), Meng Tianjun attacking the bed (now Linquan, Anhui),
After the two armies lost the Chu army in a row, they joined forces with the city father (now southeast of Bozhou, Anhui Province).
Under the command of veteran Xiang Yan, the Chu army followed Li Xinjun for three days and three nights without stopping.
Finally, he broke through its two walls and killed seven captains. Qin Jun was defeated.
When the news reached Xianyang, the king of Qin was furious and rushed to Pingyang himself.
Apologize to Wang Jian and say, "I didn't listen to the general's plan. I was defeated."
Now that the Chu army is marching westward, can the general have the heart to let me go despite his illness? 」
Wang Jian said, "I am an old fool. Your majesty had better choose another good soldier! 」
Qin said, "Come on, general, don't say anything more. 」
Wang Jian said, "Your Majesty will use his ministers, and there will be 600,000 soldiers." Qin promised.
In the twenty-third year (224 BC), Wang Jian led 600,000 troops out of Xianyang, and Qin personally went to Baqiao to bid farewell. After drinking, Wang Jian asked the court to give him many fertile fields and beautiful gardens.
The king of Qin asked inexplicably, "why are you still worried about poverty when the general goes out to war?" 」
Wang Jian said: "As a general under the king, he will not be honored for his great achievements.
Therefore, when the king is a trusted minister, please take these as the legacy of future generations. 」
Qin laughed.
Before Wang Jian went through the customs, he sent messengers to the king of Qin five times, asking him to give him fertile land.
His generals were puzzled, and Wang Jian confided his heart.
He said, "Your Majesty is arrogant and distrustful.
Now I'm in charge of all the armor in the country,
If I don't ask Tian Zhai to make him feel that I have no ambition, won't he doubt me? 」
After Wang Jianling led the troops to the girder, he turned south and pulled Lao Chu and Chen out.
The west is more beautiful than the water, and it is peaceful.
The Chu people sent all the troops led by Xiang Yan to meet them.
Wang Jian ordered the troops to build a solid wall to defend themselves against the Chu army.
The Chu army failed in many challenges and had to retreat eastward.
Wang Jian immediately took a strong man as the pioneer and went out to pursue.
Da Po Chu was in the south of Qi (now southeast of Su County, Anhui Province).
Xiang Yan made Chang Wenjun king of Chu and fought against Qin in Huainan. Wang Jian and Wu Meng led troops to attack Chu,
In twenty-four years (223 BC), he defeated the Chu army and invaded Shouchun.
The king of Chu was taken into exile, Chang Wenjun died, Xiang Yan committed suicide, and Chu died.
Qin established Chu, Jiujiang and Changsha counties in Chu State.
Wang Jianjun conquered Jiangnan and set up Huiji County.
Twenty-five years (222 BC), Wang Ben led an army to capture Liaodong, captured the Prince of Yan, and the State of Yan died.
king
Ban attacked Dai, captured Wang Jia, and Zhao died.
Twenty-six years (22 BC1), Wang Ben and Meng Tian led the troops to attack Qi from Yannan and raided Linzi. The people of Qi did not dare to resist and surrendered, and Qi perished. At this point, Qin annexed the world.