An introduction to the evolution of Anhui's historical organizational system
The establishment of Anhui Province began in July of the 6th year of Qing Emperor Kangxi, Jiayin * * *1August 30th, 667, and was established by jiangnan province District. The name of Anhui province was synthesized by the initials of Anqing and Huizhou in Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is called "Anhui" for short, and it is named after the ancient Anhui country.
ancient times
At the end of primitive society, the Huaihe and Jianghuai areas in Anhui Province were the territory of the Fang state established with the southern tribes, while the Jiangnan area was the Wuyue cultural area. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, many countries were annexed by the northern powers and the southern northern powers such as Wu, Yue and Chu.
Qin implements the county system, and the counties and cities established in Anhui are successively divided into Jiujiang, Surabaya, Chenjun, Huiji * * * Wu * * and other local administrative divisions. During the period from the end of Qin Dynasty to the dispute between Chu and Han Dynasty, Yan, Hengshan and Lujiang counties were added, which were divided into Jiujiang, Xichu and Hengshan. There are 25 counties in Anhui province that can be tested. In the early Han Dynasty, Anhui was also the fief of kings with different surnames, such as Chu and Huainan. Later, after being renamed by Liu Bang, it was divided into Huainan, Lujiang and Hengshan. Later, Jiujiang County was divided into Lu 'an, Jing and Liang, and then into Jiangdu and other vassal states. 106 * * * In April of the fifth year of Yuanfeng, there were 13 prefectures of secretariat, and Anhui belonged to Henan, Xu and Yang. The three states in the province are divided into 74 counties. The Eastern Han Dynasty implemented a three-level management system of state, county and county. Today, the province is still divided into three States: Yang, Yu and Xu.
During the Three Kingdoms period, Anhui was divided into Yangzhou, which was established by Wei and Wu, and Xu and Yu States of Wei. Yangzhou, the State of Wu, involves 19 counties in the south of Jianghuai and the south of Anhui, namely Xindu, Lujiang and Danyang. During the Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, the three-level management system of state, county and county since the Eastern Han Dynasty was still implemented. During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Huaibei area was successively occupied by Liu Han, Hou Zhao * * * including * * *, Yan Qian, former Qin, later Qin and later Yan, which were often conservative, and it is still divided into Xu, Yu * * and Dong Yu * * *. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Song, Qi, Liang and Chen Dou successively recovered Huaibei area and owned Jiangnan area, and used Jianghuai area as the battlefield of disputes between North and South for a long time. In the late Chen Dynasty, it was confined to the Yangtze River valley, and Jianghuai and its northern areas were occupied by the Northern Qi Dynasty and the Northern Zhou Dynasty. During the Southern Dynasties' loss of the northern territory, the northern territory of Anhui was successively occupied by the Northern Wei, the Eastern Wei, the Northern Qi and the Northern Zhou Dynasties.
At the beginning of Sui Dynasty, the abandoned county implemented the management system of division and arrangement at all levels, and implemented the management system of state and county at two levels. There are 55 counties in Anhui today. At the beginning of the great cause, the state was changed to county, and the county-level management system was implemented, and the inspection system of Hanzhou secretariat was restored. There are 50 counties in this province, involving 3 provinces 15 counties. In the early Tang Dynasty, the abandoned county was changed into a state, and a two-level management system of state and county was implemented. At the beginning of Zhenguan, there were 85 counties in Anhui, involving 33 states. In the first year of 627 * * * Zhenguan * *, the reservation was adjusted to 44 counties, involving 15 state and involving Henan, Huainan and Jiangnan roads. In the middle Tang Dynasty, Taoism officially became a first-class local administrative division, with a three-level management system of Taoism, prefectures and counties. During the Tianbao period, the state was changed to a county, and a three-level management system of road, county and county was implemented. Soon, the prefecture became a state. In the late Tang Dynasty, there were still 55 counties in China, involving 15 states * * * excluding Huizhou * * * established by Zhu Wen, which was divided into four provincial towns.
During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, Huaibei was divided into three short-lived small dynasties, namely, the later Tang Dynasty, the later Jin Dynasty, the later Han Dynasty and the later Friday Dynasty. The southern part included Jianghuai, Jiangnan and other places, which were successively owned by Wu and Nantang.
During the Northern Song Dynasty, a three-level management system of road, government, state, army, prison and county without county was implemented. Today, Anhui has 64 third-level administrative divisions ***62 counties, 2 prisons * * * involving 4 states, 13 states and 8 armies, among which 25 second-level administrative divisions belong to Route 5. During the confrontation between Song and Jin Dynasties, the Southern Song Dynasty led the whole province at first, and then confronted the Jin Kingdom within the Huaihe River. Jianghuai area is often a battlefield, and the north has been occupied by Jin, including puppet Chu, puppet Qi, Mongolian Khanate and Yuan Dynasty. In the Southern Song Dynasty, there were 2 prisons in 5 1 county, involving 7 armies in 3 states, 8 states, and a total of 18 secondary administrative divisions, which were divided into three roads: Huainan East, Huainan West and Jiangnan West.
The Yuan Dynasty implemented a four-level management system of province, railway, prefecture, government, army, prefecture and county. Today, there are 60 counties in Anhui, involving 1 1 road, 2 states and 10 states, belonging to 3 provinces. The Ming Dynasty implemented a three-level management system. Among them, the South and North Zhili and the 13th Bureau are the first-level administrative divisions, the government and the Zhili state government * * * hall * * are the second-level administrative divisions, and the scattered counties * * * hall * * is the third-level administrative division. Today, the whole province is located in the west of Nanzhili, with 49 counties and 7 scattered states, involving 7 states of Fengyang, Luzhou, Anqing, Taiping, Chizhou, Ningguo and Huizhou, and 4 zhili states of Xuzhou, Chuzhou, Hezhou and Guangde, with a total of 1 1 secondary administrative divisions, of which Fengyang, as the capital of the Ming Dynasty, is called Ming Zhongdu. In the early Qing Dynasty, it was changed from Nanjing in Zhili to jiangnan province. Today, Anhui belongs to the west of jiangnan province, and there are still 56 scattered counties * * excluding Xuyi, Yingshan and Wuyuan, but including Xiao and Dangshan * * *, involving Anqing, Huizhou, Ningguo, Chizhou, Taiping, Luzhou and Fengyang.
Modern Times
The Qing Dynasty implemented a three-level management system of Taoism, government, Zhili prefecture, hall, county and church. There are 54 counties, 4 scattered counties and 50 counties in the province. The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom adopted a three-level management system of province, county, state and county to establish a government in the occupied area of Anhui, and changed the government into a county.
After the founding of the Republic of China, the government, state and road were abolished, and Beijing was initially managed at the provincial and county levels. Today, Dangshan and Xiaoxian in Anhui Province still belong to Jiangsu Province, and the remaining 60 counties still belong to Anhui Province. 3 * * *1914 * * On June 2nd, the whole country implemented a three-level management system at the provincial, provincial and county levels, and Dangshan and Xiaoxian were subordinate to Xu Hai Road, Jiangsu Province. Anhui belongs to Huaibei area, part of Huainan area belongs to Huaisi Road, Jianghuai area belongs to Anqing Road, and Jiangnan area belongs to Wuhu Road.
Nanjing * * * initially implemented a two-level management system at the provincial and county levels. On April 2, 2 1 * * 1932 * *, the county system was first implemented; 10 10 10 implements the system of administrative Commissioner's supervision area. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, in addition to the Kuomintang-controlled areas, the anti-Japanese democratic base areas led by China * * * *, the provincial government's * * * perfect base areas included Jiang Zhong * * * *, Huaibei and Huainan, and its border areas * * * * * were also called administrative offices, which were equivalent to provincial level, with regions and cities and counties under them. In addition, the Japanese puppet regime and the Wang puppet regime also established provinces in the occupied areas. Today's provinces belong to Huaihai and Anhui provinces, divided into regions, and then divided into cities and counties. In the late Republic of China, there were 62 counties 1 city in Anhui, including 63 secondary local administrative divisions.
In the early days of liberation, northern Anhui was divided into three administrative offices, namely, western Anhui, Jianghuai and Henan-Anhui-Jiangsu border areas, which were divided into districts and counties and cities. 1April 3, 938, the East China Bureau asked the central authorities to approve the establishment of the people's administrative office in northern Anhui. With the approval of the central government, in June, 5438+2005, three administrative offices were abolished and the people's administrative office in northern Anhui was established. On April 15, the people's administrative office of northern Anhui issued a circular 1, announcing the jurisdiction, city and county of the administrative office of northern Anhui. The first circular was issued on May 13, announcing the adjusted areas, cities and counties under the jurisdiction of the Southern Anhui Administrative Office. The two administrative offices in southern Anhui and northern Anhui exercise the power of the province, but they are smaller than the specifications of the province. The administrative office is under the jurisdiction of municipalities, regions, counties and cities under its jurisdiction.
1On August 7, 952, the people's administrative offices in southern Anhui and northern Anhui were abolished and merged into Anhui Province. On August 25th, Anhui people's * * * was formally established, and the * * * district of the provincial city is still implemented, which is later called * * * of the administrative office and * * * of the county-level city, also known as the three-level management system of the county-level city.
Anhui, abbreviated as Anhui, is the capital of Hefei, which is located in the east of Chinese mainland, between north latitude111937' and 29 4 1'-34 38', and north latitude1. Named after the initials of "Anqing House" and "Huizhou House".
Anhui spans the Yangtze River and Huaihe River, and borders Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hubei, Henan, Jiangxi and Shandong. It is about 450 kilometers wide from east to west and 570 kilometers long from north to south, with a land area of139,400 square kilometers, accounting for 1.45% of the whole country. The terrain consists of Huaibei Plain, Jianghuai Hilly and Southern Anhui Mountainous Area. Chaohu Lake is one of the five largest freshwater lakes in China. Anhui is an important birthplace of prehistoric civilization in China, with four cultural circles: Huaihe River, Xin 'an, Luzhou and Wanjiang.
Anhui has attached importance to scientific research since ancient times and is a national pilot province for scientific and technological innovation projects. There are scientists such as Bi Sheng, Mei Wending, Deng Jiaxian and Yang Zhenning in ancient and modern times. By 20 14, there will be 3,484 research and education universities 107 headed by the University of Science and Technology of China, 86 subordinate laboratories 186, and 554 engineering * * * technology research centers above the provincial level.
Anhui, Jiangsu, Shanghai and Zhejiang * * * form the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration, becoming one of the six world-class urban agglomerations in the world. The "Xiaogang Village Spirit" created by Anhui opened the curtain of rural reform and opening up in China.
In 20 14, it won the honor of the happiest province in China and was listed as the first pilot province of new urbanization in China. Huizhou merchants are one of the top ten business gangs in China. In its heyday, Huizhou merchants once occupied 4/7 of the country's total assets. They are both literati and businessmen, who work hard and have won the reputation of "Huizhou Camel".
Anhui's historical introduction also said:
1. History and culture of Hefei, Anhui
2. Who are the historical figures in modern Anhui?
3. Overview of the historical development of Anqing, Anhui Province
4. Brief introduction to the history of Bozhou, Anhui Province
5. The human history of Anqing, Anhui Province
6. History and culture of Lu 'an, Anhui Province