Zhu Yuanzhang's original intention is to guard the four directions, so Xi 'an, as the leader of the northwest, must pay special attention to it, and the construction of Xi 'an city wall should of course be the focus. The city walls built during the Hongwu period include Changle Gate, Anyuanmen, Yongning and Andingmen, which means "Yongding in Chang 'an".

Changle Gate, the east gate of the city wall, "Changle" means to pray for the long-term happiness of Daming Mountain. Unfortunately, at the end of the Ming Dynasty, King Chuang captured Xi 'an from this gate, and during the reign of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty, the gate of the East Gate was rebuilt. Anyuanmen, the north gate of the city wall, "Anyuan" means that remote ethnic minorities should submit to the court and adopt a policy of appeasement.

Yongning Gate, the south gate of the city wall, is no stranger to online celebrities. But I'm afraid no one noticed that the south gate is rarely opened, because the main fire in the south, in order to avoid fire, close the south gate and keep peace forever. Andingmen, that is, the west gate of the city wall, means Antai Kangding in the northwest frontier, and Ximen Arrow Tower is the most intact ancient castle in China so far.

Second, the four doors of the Republic of China

During the Republic of China, on the existing basis, Xi 'an City Wall opened four more doors, which were later called "four small doors", namely, Zhongshan Gate, Yuxiang Gate, Zhongzhengmen Gate and Wumen Gate. These four schools have a lot to do with military and political figures. Zhongshan Gate, the gate on the east side of Xi 'an City Wall, is called "Little East Gate" and is named after Dr. Sun Yat-sen. ..

Yuxiangmen, or "Little West Gate", 1926, Liu Zhenhua, a warlord, surrounded Xi 'an for eight months, and more than 40,000 people starved to death. Xi 'an was not cleared until General Feng Yuxiang led the national coalition to defeat Liu Zhenhua. Jiefangmen was originally the main entrance of the Republic of China. It was demolished on 1952, which became a gap in Xi 'an city wall. In 2005, it was reconnected to form a long-span bridge arch.

Wumen Gate, the "Little South Gate", opened at 1939, located between Hanguang Gate and Zhuquemen on the south wall, and was a newly opened city gate in the Republic of China. In memory of Mr. Jingwumu, a revolutionary martyr in Shaanxi during the Revolution of 1911. Xi 'an's Unknown Gate is a single gate with Sifu Street inside and Hong Ying Road outside.

Third, demolish dangerous shelters.

More than 700 years ago, Kublai Khan, a proud cavalry team in Yuan Shizu, fought in the south and the north. Although he successfully captured one city after another until the whole Central Plains, the whole process was very difficult, especially those "tall and mighty" and rock-solid walls, which made this whirlwind force with flexible tactics and daunting suffered a lot. So Kublai Khan hated the city wall.

After the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty, Kublai Khan couldn't wait to carry out the policy of demolishing city walls. His inner narrative at that time should be: "How could I be blocked by these broken walls piled up with loess, and none of them could be left?" As a result, the Yuan Dynasty was like China in the 1950s and 1960s, and the whole country was tearing down the city walls.

In the history of the Yuan Dynasty, there are a lot of records about the demolition of city walls in the local chronicles of the Yuan Dynasty and the Story of the World by Kyle Polo. The storm swept across southern China, and countless city walls were demolished. Fortunately, the walls of Xi 'an were preserved in this storm. Nowadays, it is difficult for us to study the reasons, so this disaster has been ignored in many documents.

Fourth, Clinton was obsessed with the walls of Xi.

1June, 1998, Clinton visited China for the first time after taking office, with the first stop in Xi 'an.

Among many cities in China, Xi 'an's economy is not developed, but it has two very overbearing weapons: the origin of the feudal dynasty in China and many well-preserved cultural relics. Among the four ancient capitals in China, Beijing and Nanjing have torn down and lost all their valuable possessions. Luoyang did not occupy the mainstream position in the feudal dynasty. Only Xi 'an still maintains the charm of the ancient capital of the 13th Dynasty, which is worth savoring.

As the saying goes, if you want to know a country or a nation, you must know where it comes from. China has a long history, and Xi 'an is the best starting point for understanding the Chinese nation. Clinton chose Xi 'an. He is very clever. Throughout Xi 'an, although there are many cultural relics and historic sites, which are priceless and can amaze the world, Xi 'an city wall is the most suitable for large-scale reception activities.

It is this wall that did not even enter the world cultural heritage, which made Clinton risk delaying his diplomatic trip and blew 1 hour more air conditioning on it. At that time, Clinton said to the China official who received him, "I have attended many welcoming ceremonies in the world, but tonight, at the foot of the ancient city wall, you have a ceremony with a long history, which I will never forget."

Verb (abbreviation for verb) trench

The predecessor of Xi 'an City Wall was Chang 'an, the imperial city in Tang Dynasty. Because it is an inner city, no moat was dug when it was built. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Tang Zhaozong and Ye Li moved their capital to Luoyang, and Chang 'an's position in the Tang Dynasty declined rapidly. At this point, the degree of staying in Chang 'an made Han Jian decide to narrow the scope of the city, tearing down the outermost Guo Cheng and Miyagi in the middle, leaving only the lonely imperial city. For the needs of military defense, of course, we must dig a moat first.

The ancients attached great importance to moats. When Han Jian digs a river, there are wars and disputes. The dug river is not very useful and often silts up. Therefore, the river was often dredged in the late Five Dynasties, and it was not until Zhu Yuanzhang established the Ming Dynasty that the moat was full of vitality.

1374, that is, 642 years ago, Zhu Yuanzhang appointed Song Guogong Shengfeng to "build a city in Shaanxi". At this time, the pattern of Xi 'an city wall was laid and the scale of moat was expanded. Shengfeng spent eight years in charge of this work, and the moat developed was 6.4 meters deep and 2.56 meters wide, and surrounded the city. A moat wall with a height of1.92m and a thickness of 0.64m was built at the inner edge of the moat. This first line of defense is enough to scare off the enemy.