Nuclear technology was born in the early 20th century. Since H. Becquerel discovered the radioactivity of uranium salt in 1896, with the appearance of radium and polonium and artificial radioactivity, the establishment of nuclear model and the concept of isotope tracer were put forward, and the pioneering knowledge of nuclear science and technology was applied, such as noctilucent powder used in watch industry, X-ray used in medical diagnosis, isotope tracer used in analytical chemistry and radium used in cancer treatment. In 1930s and 1940s, reactors, accelerators and various new radiation detectors were successfully developed, and nuclear technology developed rapidly. Military atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs; In the energy industry, countries around the world have built a large number of nuclear power plants; Nuclear technology has contributed to industry, agriculture, medicine, geology, materials, archaeology, law and other fields. In the 1970s, the development and application of nuclear technology were affected to some extent because of the resistance of some developed countries to nuclear power and the irrational fear of radioactivity by the public. However, due to the irreplaceability of nuclear technology and its huge economic and social benefits, it resumed its development momentum at the end of the 20th century.