From the 2nd1century BC to the 6th century BC, it was the first dynasty in China-Xia Dynasty. It marks the end of tens of thousands of years of primitive society and the beginning of thousands of years of class society in China. His birth became an important milestone in the history of China civilization. Xia dynasty had 14 generations 17 kings, which lasted for nearly 500 years. There is no exact statement about the lineage of the Xia Dynasty, but it is a family statement. )

Yu Xia made great contributions to water control and became the founder of Xia Dynasty. After Yu proclaimed himself emperor, he was in Yangzhai (now Yuxian County, Henan Province) and Anyi (now Anyi, Shanxi Province) or Pingyang. He met with governors again and again, and divided China into Kyushu (there have always been different opinions, such as Kyushu in Gong Yu, Kyushu in Erya and Kyushu in Zhou Li). Generally speaking, it refers to Kyushu in Zhou Li, and it is a tribute system for Yang, Jing, Yu, Qing, Yan, Yong, You, Ji and He.

The intrusion of three temples in Jiuli was a serious problem in ancient times. During the period of "Shao Hao" and "Zhuan Xu", Li and Miao followed suit, and Yao and Shun made a conquest, which was not pacified until the Dayu period. From then on, the middle reaches of the Yangtze River were settled, and Li and Miao no longer invaded the north. This is a long and arduous war against ancient southern tribes.

Yu not only controlled water, but also conquered the Li Temple, making great contributions, so he was honored as "Dayu". After Dayu's death, his son broke the tradition of abdication and became king on his own, restoring the ancient system of father-son transmission in the early days of the Yellow Emperor Dynasty. From then on, the descendants of the throne were not passed on to the sages, and the hereditary system was implemented, which began the so-called "home world" of the ancients. This is a kind of political progress.

After Xia Qi ascended the throne, he inherited Dayu's career. Unfortunately, after his death, his son Taikang was incompetent and was driven away by Hou Yi, the husband of the legendary vassal Wang Chang 'e. After Taikang's death, Hou Yi made Zhong Kang, Taikang's younger brother, King Xia, but the real power was in Hou Yi's hands. After Zhong Kang's death, his son Xiang was established, Hou Yi was killed by his courtier Han Zhuo, and Han Zhuo also killed Xiang to stand on his own feet. When Xiang was killed, Xiang Queen Min became pregnant and fled to Youzhou (now Ji Ling County, Shandong Province) to give birth to Shao Kang. When "Shao Kang" grew up, it assembled the remnants of the Xia Dynasty, wiped out "Han Zhuo" and restored the Xia Dynasty. History is called "Shao Kang Zhongxing". When Zhu, the son of Shao Kang, was in power, he had a relatively strong armed force, completely eliminated the influence of Han Zhuo, conquered Dongyi, and made the Xia Dynasty reach its peak. After the Five Dynasties and Six Kings, the society was relatively stable and the economy continued to develop. Xia Dynasty ruled the East China Sea, with Xihe River in the west, Yanshan Mountain in the north and Jianghuai in the south. At that time, it was able to smelt better bronze, produced a large number of bronze production tools and household appliances, and developed commodity exchange. One of the more advanced methods is to combine the calendar of yin and yang, and record the day in part. Kong Jia, the king of the first15th generation in Xia Dynasty, committed the lewdness of ghosts and gods, which led to the rebellion of governors and the gradual decline of Xia Dynasty. "Kongjia" has been spread to "Law Ghost" (Xia Jie) for many times. He is a famous tyrant in history. He didn't work for Xiu De, was extravagant and dissipated, killed countless people, used soldiers everywhere, and wasted people's money, so that the people rebelled and the princes rebelled, and was finally destroyed by "Shang Tang".

Due to the lack of historical materials of the Xia Dynasty, many people doubt whether there was a Xia Dynasty in history. However, the Xia lineage recorded in Historical Records Xia Benji is as clear as the Shang lineage recorded in Yin Benji, and the Shang lineage is also confirmed in the Oracle Bone Inscriptions unearthed in Anyang Yin Ruins. Therefore, most scholars believe that the Xia lineage recorded in Historical Records Xia Benji is credible.

See/Emperor/xiachao.htm.

2 Xia Xia

First, the origin of surnames

1, from the surname.

According to legend, when Emperor Yao was in power, Gun's wife Xin gave birth to Yu because she had eaten coix seed in her dream, so Emperor Yao changed her surname to Gui. Later, he managed water conservancy, guided the people to build canals to promote agriculture, and led troops to quell the Sanmiao rebellion, and the people lived and worked in peace and contentment. In recognition of his great achievements, Shun sealed him in the summer (now east of Dengfeng County, Henan Province) and later passed on the throne to him. After Yu Xia's death, his son succeeded to the throne and established the Xia Dynasty, the first slave country in China's history. The Xia dynasty passed down 13 generations, and 16 kings for more than 400 years. Later, it was overthrown by Shang Tang, because the Xia Emperor was cruel and ruthless, and the Xia royal family took the country as their surname, calling it Xia.

2. From the surname.

In 65438 BC+065438 BC+the early years of the Zhou Dynasty, the princes were enfeoffed, and the descendants of Donglou Gong were enfeoffed to Qi (now Qixian County, Henan Province) as the marquis of Qi. By the time of Jian Gong, it was destroyed by the State of Chu. Tuo, his younger brother, went out of Lu, and was named Xiahou (compound surname) because of his descendants. Later generations took Xia as their surname and called him Xiahou.

3. From the surname.

Take Wang Fu as the surname. In the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, after the King of Wu was named Shun Di, he sealed Chen and established the State of Chen, with Wanqiu as the capital, in order to gain the worship of Shun Di. Historically called Hu Gongman and Chen Hugong. In the Spring and Autumn Period, when he became the monarch on 16, there was an illegitimate child named Zihe. His grandson, Zheng Shu, took Wang Fu (grandfather) as his surname, called Xia Zhengshu, and later Xia.

4. Change your surname or something else.

Hayawan, a native of Taiwan Province Province, changed his surname to Xia; In the Ming Dynasty, Qilu Tai was named Xia Gui; Tujia, Mongolian, Hui, Manchu and other ethnic groups all have Xia surnames.

5. Ancestor of surname: Xia Qi.

According to legend, after Yu's death, his son Qi broke the abdication system and acceded to the throne, establishing the first slave country in history-Xia Dynasty. In 400 years, Xia Guoli passed down thirteen generations and sixteen kings. At the end of his reign, Xia Jie was cruel and heartless, and the people of China hated him. At this time, Shang Tang, a descendant of the Yellow Emperor's surname, was deeply loved for his benevolence. In the 6th century BC/kloc-,Shang Tang destroyed the Xia Dynasty and established the Shang Dynasty. The Xia royal family took the country as its surname and called it Xia surname. Because he was the founding monarch, he was considered the ancestor of Xia's surname.

Astronomy: summer solstice in China ancient books (around June 22nd): long summer (around June 5th); Climate statistics: June, July and August in the solar calendar are midsummer, and the weather method is 1934. Zhang Baokun, a scholar in China, combined phenology with agricultural production and put forward another seasonal method. He regards the average temperature above 22℃ as summer.

3. Imperial Music of Xia Dynasty

Yu Xia ruled for 45 years.

Yu, surnamed Siming, is the great-grandson of the Yellow Emperor. Because of his great contribution to water control, he was honored as "Dayu". His father was killed for failing to control the water source. In order to take over the work of water control, dredging method was adopted. After thirteen years of hard work, he finally succeeded. The heir Shun is the emperor. It is called "Xia Hou", so it is called "Yu Xia". He was a vassal of Tushan, and established the prototype of slave country. Yu takes Jiuding as a symbol of Kyushu. Yu died in 45 years and was buried in Huiji Mountain.

Qi reigned for 29 years.

Qi, Zi Si, son of Dayu. After Dayu's death, Qi succeeded to the throne as the son of heaven. After Xia Qi acceded to the throne, he gave a banquet in Juntaida. You Hu's family was very dissatisfied with breaking the abdication system and refused to attend. Xia Qi sent his army to attack the Youhu family. The war hit Gansu, and the Youhu family was defeated and destroyed. This victory initially consolidated the new regime. China's first slave country was established. In old age, life is becoming more and more corrupt. He likes drinking, hunting, singing and dancing, but he ignores state affairs.

Taikang reigned for 29 years.

Xia Qi's son Taikang inherited the throne of Qi. His dissolute life and lax governance made the internal contradictions increasingly acute and the external four foreigners betrayed him. . When he was out hunting, the descendants of a poor leader took the opportunity to invade and became a monarch himself, which was called "Taikang lost his country" in history.

Zhong Kang was Zhong Kang's younger brother in 13 years. After he acceded to the throne, he was unable to restore Xia Shi. At this time, his descendants were killed by his cronies Han Zhuo. Han Zhuo is king on his own.

Be in power for 28 years

Item, son of Zhong Kang. Twenty-eight years after he ascended the throne, Han Jue attacked him and was killed.

Shao Kang reigned for 2 1 year.

A posthumous son Shao Kang. Han Zhuo's son sent someone to kill Shao Kang, who fled to Youyu's house and became Youyu's official. The descendants of Shun married their two daughters to Shao Kang and gave them to Tutian and others in Shao Kang. Shao Kang was firmly established.

Han Gang replaced Hou Yi. When the political situation was chaotic, he gathered the diaspora and reorganized the team. In the end, it overthrew Youqiong's political power, which had been rampant in Xia State for more than 40 years, and was called "Shao Kang Zhongxing" in history. Shao Kang is a successful king.

He was in office in 17.

Shao Kang's son. He took part in the war to restore Xia Guo led by his father and made many achievements. He invented armor and spears and conquered Dongyi on a large scale and won.

Huai reigned for 44 years.

Huai, son of Xun. During his reign, social economy developed.

Mang reigned 18 years.

Mang, pregnant son. When he was in office, he began to sink the sacrifices that lasted for thousands of years into the Yellow River (that is, to protect the river god and sink the sacrifices into the Yellow River).

Published on 2 1 year.

Xie, the son of Mang, was officially made a vassal of Jiuyi when he was in office.

Not in power for 59 years

An unhealthy, venting son. After 59 years in office, he gave way to his brother.

In office 2 1 year

Oh, my unhealthy brother.

He ruled for 2 1 year.

I am your son. When he came to power, Xia began to decline.

Kong Jia reigned for 3 1 year.

Kong Jia, an unhealthy son. Sima Qian said that "Emperor Kongjia was good at ghosts and gods and committed fornication", which shows that Kongjia was a cruel and bad king and ran amok.

High position 1 1 year.

Kong's son is tall.

Born in 1 1 year.

Fa, Gao's son. When he was in office, the governors of all parties had not come to congratulate him, the internal affairs of the Xia royal family had not been repaired, foreign invasion continued, and class contradictions became increasingly acute. Xia Guo fell further.

Jie reigned for 52 years.

Jie, the son of law. Is a famous cruel king in history. Abuse and murder, Xia Jie did not consider the reform after he acceded to the throne. He is arrogant and extravagant, building palaces and decorating Yao Tai. He likes drinking and having fun with his sister day and night, and people curse Xia Jie by pointing to the sun. The minister was loyal to the proposal, but he was imprisoned and killed. The governors of the four sides also betrayed each other, and Xia Jie fell into an isolated situation of internal and external troubles. It was finally destroyed by Shang Tang, ending the Xia Dynasty which lasted nearly 500 years.