It uses wooden boxes as thunder shells, and putty sticks to them. Put black powder into it, and its firing device is not tied with a long rope and detonated by people? There are three iron anchors under the wooden box to control the depth of the mine in the water.
1590, China invented the earliest drifting mine-the "underwater dragon king gun" with incense as the timing fuse? 1599 king China invented "underwater mine" with rope as contact line. 162 1 year was improved to contact line floating mine, which was the earliest floating mine triggered in the world?
During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, Japanese ships often invaded the southeast coast of China? In order to deal with the invasion of pirates, people packed gunpowder in wooden boxes and glued it with putty to make an anchor mine lit by cables, which was specially used to attack enemy ships?
At the end of 16, drifting mines made of ox tails-"underwater dragon king cannon" and submerged mines-"underwater thunder" were invented one after another. 162 1 year "Underwater Dragon King Gun" and "Underwater Thunder" were successively improved to trigger contact fuse drifting mines, killing enemies many times in naval battles.
Europe and America began to use mines in actual combat in the18th century? In the North American War of Independence? In order to attack the British warships moored at the mouth of the Trava River in Philadelphia, the people of North America put gunpowder and mechanical impact fuses in small beer barrels on 17781October 7, making them into mines and drifting downstream? Although there were no warships at that time, they suddenly exploded after being picked up by British sailors, killing and injuring some people. Known as the "small barrel war" in history?
Mines first appeared in the west during the Russian-Turkish war in 1769, when Russian engineers first tried to use drifting mines and blew up the Turkish pontoon bridge leading to Dunaj? Since then, various types of mines have been continuously developed and improved and widely used. In the American Civil War and the Russo-Japanese War of 1905, mines achieved good results? Since then, countries have paid more attention to mine warfare and invested a lot of manpower and material resources to step up research and manufacture all kinds of mines?
In the First World War, the two sides * * * buried 3 10000 mines of various types, * * * sank surface ships 148, 54 submarines and 586 merchant ships, totaling1220,000 tons?
During World War II, the use of mines reached its peak among the belligerents except World War I and World War II. Countries deployed 165438+ 10,000 mines and sank more than 3,700 boats?
In 1980s, some Arab countries laid some discovery mines in the Red Sea and Persian Gulf. A dozen merchant ships and oil tankers passing by were hit by mines, and American warships were also injured? This shows that mines are indispensable weapons in modern naval warfare? Is an old mine with little cost enough to kill a modern warship with a cost of tens of millions or even hundreds of millions of dollars?
In addition to the extensive use of anchor mines, there are new types of non-trigger mines, such as magnetic induction mines? Acoustic mine; Hydraulic mines appeared again in the late war? Throughout the war, countries passed surface ships? 800,000 kinds of triggered and non-triggered mines deployed by submarines and airplanes, and more than 3,000 ships were sunk by * * *?
1952 During the Korean War, the Korean People's Army laid more than 3,000 mines outside Yuanshan Port, and the US military dispatched 60 minesweepers and more than 30 support ships, plus several minesweeper helicopters for cleaning. As a result, the entire landing plan in the United States was delayed by eight days?
After Vietnam? Middle East War? In the Gulf War, mines were fully utilized and exerted great power? Especially in the Gulf War, Iraqi naval vessels basically made no achievements, only 1, more than 200 mines were laid, and 9 ships of multinational forces were damaged. Only the United States had 4 warships? So mines are called "weapons of poor countries"?
The advantages of mines are self-evident? Generally, large mines can sink medium-sized warships or hit large warships; Mines can pose a long-term threat to the enemy, some even for decades; Except the plane? Surface ship? Outside the submarine, merchant ship? Fishing boats and the like can be used to mine? However, mines also have inherent shortcomings: first, passive action, such as non-triggering mines, requires enemy ships to sail within the fuze range of mines; To trigger a mine, you need an enemy ship to directly hit the mine to detonate it? Second, it is greatly influenced by the hydrological conditions in the sea area?
At present, mines can be divided into drifting mines according to their different positions in the water. Anchor mine? Underwater mines? According to the way mines fire, they can be divided into trigger mines. Non-trigger mines and control mines?
Most trigger mines belong to anchor mines and drift mines; Non-triggered mines can be divided into acoustic submarine mines? Magnetic sinking mine? Hydraulic sinking? Acoustic anchor mine? Magnetic anchor mine? Floating mines with lights and radars as fuzes, and submarine mines with various combined fuzes? According to different mine laying tools, it can be divided into ship mine laying. Airdrop mines and submarine mines?
In the future, the development of naval mines in various countries will continue to improve the maneuverability and active attack ability of mines, and attach importance to the development of submarine self-propelled mines? Deep-water anti-submarine mine? Radio remote control mines and container mines should pay attention to improving the electronization and computerization of mines and the explosive power of mines?
The navies of all countries are also very concerned about the fuze of mines, that is, to speed up the development of gravity field? Thermal field? New fuses such as light field and cosmic ray field?