The historical process of China's reform and opening up [2]
In the wave of socialist reform, China was one of the first countries to propose the reform of economic management system. As early as the mid-1950s, the party and state leaders initially realized the disadvantages of the traditional system in practice and sprouted the idea of reforming the traditional system. At the end of the first five-year plan and the beginning of the 1960s, they explored and tried to reform the economic system. But the real socialist reform began at the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee in 1978. Generally speaking, China's reform and opening up in the past 30 years can be roughly divided into five stages.
The first stage: the initial exploration and local trial stage of the reform-from the convening of the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee in mid-February/978 to the announcement of the central government's decision on economic system reform in mid-February/984 10.
The basic characteristics of this stage are: taking practice as the only criterion to test truth as an opportunity, a massive ideological emancipation movement was launched. This great discussion on practical standards has broken through the barriers of dogmatism, greatly emancipated people's minds and made ideological preparations for the rise of China's reform. This reform was first implemented in rural areas and achieved remarkable results. Starting with expanding the autonomy of urban enterprises, comprehensive and special reform pilots have been carried out, which have achieved initial results and accumulated useful experience. The crystallization of rural reform and the expansion of enterprise autonomy is the emergence of new production relations, namely the household contract responsibility system and the enterprise contract system. The theoretical basis of these two new systems is the theory of "separation of two rights", that is, ownership and management rights can be separated.
Generally speaking, this period is the initial exploration and ideological preparation stage of China's socialist reform, among which the most important achievement is the completion of three changes in guiding ideology: from taking class struggle as the key link to taking economic construction as the center, from closing to opening, from sticking to routine to bold reform. The implementation of these three strategic changes with overall significance has opened a new chapter in the history of China. With this as a symbol, China has entered a new historical period of reform and opening up, development and ideological emancipation.
The second stage: the exploration stage of comprehensive reform with the city as the center-from 1984 10 in mid-October to 1988 in mid-September, the central government made a resolution on managing the economic environment, rectifying the economic order and comprehensively deepening the reform. During this period, the focus of reform shifted from rural areas to cities, from economic fields to political fields, science and technology, education and other social life fields. The depth and breadth of the reform have made remarkable progress compared with the previous period, so it is called the exploration stage of comprehensive reform.
-198410/0 In October, the Third Plenary Session of the 12th CPC Central Committee adopted the Decision of the CPC Central Committee on Economic System Reform. This is a programmatic document on reform. The publication and implementation of this document shows that China's * * * production party has reached a new height in its understanding of reform, and its most important achievement is to creatively put forward a new conclusion that socialist economy is a planned commodity economy, and to combine socialism with commodity economy for the first time. This provides a new theoretical guidance for the economic system reform, which indicates that the reform in China is going deeper.
-1987 10, the 13th national congress of China * * * production party was held. This congress has two outstanding contributions: first, it systematically discusses the theory of the primary stage of socialism and clearly summarizes and comprehensively expounds the party's basic line in the primary stage of socialism; Secondly, it expounds the policy, content and implementation plan of political system reform. As a result, the political system reform was put on the agenda.
The third stage: the stage of summing up experience, rectifying and adjusting-from mid-September when the central government decided to rectify and deepen reform, 1988 to the publication of Deng Xiaoping's southern talk in early June, 1992.
Like other countries' reforms, China's reform and opening up has not been smooth sailing. By the late 1980s, there were many problems in the process of China's reform, such as great price fluctuation, chaotic market order and serious redundant construction. In view of this situation, in September 1988, the Third Plenary Session of the 13th CPC Central Committee made the Decision on Governing the Economic Environment, Rectifying the Economic Order and Deepening the Reform in an All-round Way. The purpose is to manage the economic environment, rectify the economic order, adjust and improve policies, and create a good social and economic environment for deepening reform and opening up. This process is a period of rectification and adjustment in practice and a period of summing up reform experience in theory, so as to establish a more comprehensive reform idea and ensure the smooth and steady progress of China's reform and opening up.
The fourth stage: the overall progress, focusing on tackling key problems, and the comprehensive reform stage with the establishment of the basic framework of the socialist market economic system as the core content-from Deng Xiaoping's southern tour speech in early 1992 to the convening of the Third Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee in mid-June 2003 10,
At the beginning of 1992, Deng Xiaoping made an important speech when he inspected the south, which profoundly answered many important ideological and theoretical questions that have long puzzled and bound people's minds, especially the relationship between socialism and market economy. Focusing on the theme of "seizing opportunities and accelerating development", the Speech theoretically expounded and summarized the essence of socialism, three "favorable" criteria for judging right and wrong, that reform is also liberating productive forces, that planning and market are all means, that development is the last word, and that we should be wary of right but mainly prevent "left", which deepened our understanding of reform, opening up and building a Socialism with Chinese characteristics.
Deng Xiaoping's talk in the south is the theoretical preparation and ideological mobilization for the new wave of reform, and also the direct ideological and theoretical preparation for the 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China held in the same year. This is a representative work that marks the maturity of Deng Xiaoping Theory, and it is a manifesto that pushes the cause of reform, opening up and socialist modernization to a new stage.
1992 10, the 14th national congress of China * * * production party was held. The congress made three major decisions with far-reaching significance: first, seize the opportunity to accelerate development; Second, it is clearly stated that the goal of China's economic system reform is to establish a socialist market economic system; Third, establish the guiding position of Deng Xiaoping's construction with Socialism with Chinese characteristics Theory in the whole party. At the same time, the 14th National Congress summarized the main contents of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Theory from nine aspects, and pointed out that this theory "initially answered a series of basic questions on how to build, consolidate and develop socialism in China, a country with relatively backward economy and culture".
199311June, the central government's decision on establishing a socialist market economic system was issued. This is a major strategic decision for China's economic system reform to enter a crucial stage, and it is a grand blueprint for the transition from the old economic system to the new economic system. Its significance lies in integrating Deng Xiaoping's southern talk with the spirit of the 14th CPC National Congress. Among them, the most outstanding contribution is the establishment of modern enterprise system, which is the inevitable requirement of developing socialized mass production and market economy, and also the direction of state-owned enterprise reform in China.
1September, 1997, the 15th National Congress of China * * * Production Party was held. This congress gave clear answers to a series of important ideological and theoretical issues that people paid attention to in the process of reform. Many new ideas and viewpoints have emerged and made new contributions in theory, mainly in the following aspects:
First, he solemnly put forward a more vivid and concise concept of "Deng Xiaoping Theory", made an important judgment that Deng Xiaoping Theory is a new stage of the development of Marxism in China, and wrote Deng Xiaoping Theory, Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought into party constitution as the party's action guidelines. Undoubtedly, it is a milestone in the history of the Party to establish Deng Xiaoping Theory's guiding position in the form of party constitution.
Secondly, it expounds the basic program of the primary stage of socialism, which makes the party's basic line and a series of principles and policies at this stage have a more solid theoretical foundation. It provides a new theoretical weapon for eliminating all kinds of interference and clarifying all kinds of doubts.
Third, there are a series of innovations in socialist economic theory, such as putting forward a new conclusion that non-public ownership economy is an important part of socialist market economy; Established a basic economic system with public ownership as the main body and multiple ownership economies developing together; The distribution principle of combining distribution according to work with distribution according to production factors is put forward. Among them, the most prominent is that "the forms of public ownership can and should be diversified." All management modes and organizational forms that embody the law of socialized mass production can be boldly utilized. We must strive to find a form of public ownership that can greatly promote the development of productive forces. "This is another great emancipation of the mind, a breakthrough in traditional economic theory, which has pointed out the direction for further promoting reform and opening up, especially deepening economic system reform and exploring various forms of public ownership, lifted the shackles and had a significant and far-reaching impact on China's reform and development.
Fourth, put the political system reform on the agenda again. "Governing the country according to law and building a socialist country ruled by law" was solemnly put forward for the first time as "the basic strategy of the party leading the people to govern the country", which is a breakthrough in the overall thinking of political system reform and has great and far-reaching significance for China's political development.
In July, 20001,Jiang Zemin's speech at the conference celebrating the 80th anniversary of the founding of the China * * * production party systematically summarized the historical experience of the 80th struggle of the China * * production party, followed the progressive trend of the times and made theoretical innovations on a series of major issues related to the development of the party and the country. This theoretical innovation is mainly manifested in the following aspects: first, it expounds the basic connotation and spiritual essence of "Theory of Three Represents" thought; Second, it puts forward a new concept of ruling party construction, which constantly strengthens the party's class base and expands the party's mass base; Thirdly, it draws an important conclusion that the new social stratum that has emerged since China's reform and opening up is the builder of Socialism with Chinese characteristics. Fourthly, it is pointed out that promoting people's all-round development is the essential requirement of building a new socialist society. These new ideas and viewpoints provide a new ideological and theoretical basis for China's reform, opening up and modernization.
In June 2002, the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held, which established the guiding position of "Theory of Three Represents" thought and theory. Put forward the specific goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way in 20 years; In particular, it is of great and far-reaching significance to learn from the beneficial achievements of human civilization, build socialist political civilization and realize the institutionalization, standardization and proceduralization of socialist democratic politics in the future.
The fifth stage: the stage of institutional innovation with the basic content of perfecting the socialist market economic system-from the Third Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee in mid-June 2003 to the present.
On June 5438+ 10, 2003, the Third Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee was held in the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and the Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Perfecting the Socialist Market Economic System was deliberated and adopted. The announcement of this decision is of special significance for comprehensively promoting China's reform, opening up and modernization. This special significance, concentrated in one point, marks that China's reform and opening up has entered a new stage of development. The outstanding characteristics of this development stage are: institutional innovation. In particular, institutional innovation with the core content of perfecting the socialist market economic system. The outstanding contribution of this meeting was put forward by Scientific Outlook on Development. Scientific Outlook on Development has four main points: first, he emphasized the comprehensiveness of development, that is, the coordinated development and all-round progress of socialist material civilization, political civilization and spiritual civilization; Second, it emphasizes overall consideration and coordinated development, that is, urban-rural coordination, regional coordination, economic and social coordination, harmony between man and nature, and coordination between domestic development and opening up; The third is to emphasize sustainable development, that is, economic development is compatible with resources, environment and population; Fourth, people-oriented, that is, the goal of economic and social development is to improve people's living standards, improve people's living environment, enhance people's comprehensive quality, and promote people's free and all-round development. All the party's struggles and work are for the benefit of the people. It is of great and far-reaching significance to regard people-oriented as the core of the party's development concept and ruling concept.
In March 2004, the Second Session of the Tenth National People's Congress passed a constitutional amendment, which deserves attention: First, protect private property into the Constitution; Second, the protection of human rights is written into the Constitution.
In September 2004, the Fourth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee put forward the idea of paying attention to social equity, coordinating social relations and building a harmonious socialist society according to the actual situation of China's reform and development.
The report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China from June, 5438 to October, 2007 seriously reviewed the great historical process of China's reform and opening up, systematically discussed the purpose and historical achievements of China's reform and opening up, and summarized the historical experience of reform and opening up. It is clearly pointed out that reform and opening up is the key choice to determine the fate of contemporary China and the only way to develop Socialism with Chinese characteristics and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Call on the whole party to further emancipate the mind, forge ahead and continue to promote reform and opening up.
In February, 2008, the Second Plenary Session of the 17th CPC Central Committee put forward "Opinions on Deepening the Reform of Administrative Management System" and "Institutional Reform Plan of the State Council". The guiding ideology, basic principles and overall objectives of deepening the reform of the administrative management system have been clarified. The just-concluded First Session of the 11th National People's Congress approved the State Council's institutional reform plan. This marks the beginning of a new round of administrative system reform. This is not only an inevitable requirement for deepening economic system reform, but also an important content of political system reform.
The putting forward of these new ideas and the implementation of a series of major measures indicate that China's reform has entered a new stage: that is, the stage of political system and legal system reform centered on perfecting the socialist market economic system. The task of China's economic reform cannot be solved only in the economic field. Efforts should be made to solve the deep-seated institutional contradictions left over from the old system and carry out political system innovation.
The outstanding feature of reform and opening-up at this stage was carried out under the guidance of Scientific Outlook on Development, and the design and implementation of reform and opening-up should follow the basic requirements of Scientific Outlook on Development. Especially the principle of people-oriented and overall consideration.
To sum up, after nearly 30 years' efforts, China has made a breakthrough in both theory and practice. It should be said that the theoretical preparation for reform is getting more and more complete, the reform ideas are getting clearer and clearer, and the reform experience is getting richer and richer, which provides a relatively solid foundation for further promoting reform in the future.
Looking back on the practice of China's reform and opening up, the key issues are mainly concentrated in six aspects: first, the relationship between planned economy and market economy; Second, the relationship between public ownership economy and non-public ownership economy; Third, the relationship between distribution according to work and distribution according to production factors; Fourth, the relationship between government and enterprises; The fifth is the relationship between the party and the government and society, and the sixth is the rule of man and the rule of law. After nearly 30 years of reform and opening up, the planned economy system was broken and the market economy system was initially established; The basic economic system with public ownership as the main body and multiple ownership economies developing together has been established; The distribution system combining distribution according to work and distribution according to production factors has been fully implemented in practice; The relationship between government and enterprises is being adjusted according to the rules of market economy; An all-directional, wide-ranging and multi-level opening-up pattern has basically taken shape. This shows that the traditional socialist concept has been broken, and China's reform has embarked on the road of no return to the market economy.
The basic experience of China's reform and opening up [2]
China's magnificent reform and opening-up practice has accumulated extremely rich experience. To sum up, we can list many articles and choose the main points, mainly including the following ten:
(1) Reform is an important driving force to promote the development of socialist society, and there is no way out without reforming realistic socialism.
Without reform, socialism has no way out in practice. If we ignore the changes of objective conditions and the development trend of human history and stick to the rigid system formed under special conditions, we can only lead socialism into a dead end and ruin the fresh socialist cause. On the contrary, if we take the reform as an opportunity to fundamentally deny the socialist system and move towards capitalism in an all-round way, it will be difficult to find a way out. This is the primary experience of China's reform.
This basic conclusion has been confirmed by the reform practice in socialist countries. When the wave of socialist reform came, there were three situations in socialist countries at that time: First, they were afraid of reform, refused to reform, and stuck to outdated and rigid systems, which led to deeper contradictions and greater difficulties, and eventually triggered a crisis in the whole society and were spurned by the people. The second is to actively carry out reforms, which once had a prosperous situation. However, when the reform entered the crucial stage, when there was external pressure and internal difficulties, it turned the reform into a "change of direction", fundamentally negated the socialist system, abolished the leadership of the * * * production party, and implemented the so-called "shock therapy" in an attempt to completely copy the political and economic models of Europe and the United States in a short time, resulting in economic recession, social unrest, national disintegration and ethnic division. Third, we not only actively promote reform and opening up, but also pay attention to grasping the socialist direction of reform, and always regard economic development and improving people's lives as the starting point and destination of reform, thus promoting economic development, social progress, political stability and national prosperity, winning the sincere support of the people and the trust and praise of the world. The representative in this respect is China, who is highly praised by more and more people of insight.
(2) Emancipating the mind is the premise of reform and opening up. We should constantly emancipate our minds and eliminate ideological obstacles.
Facts have proved that no nation can survive without a kind of spiritual strength as a pillar and a good mental state. For a developing country that is implementing the modernization strategy, it is even more necessary to have a spiritual strength as a national cohesion. It is impossible for a nation with empty spirit to really revitalize.
In China, a big eastern country with relatively backward economy and culture, it is unthinkable to carry out such an unprecedented reform and opening-up cause without a good mental state and an innovative spirit of being proactive and hard-working. This requires emancipating our minds, using our brains, letting go of our hands and feet, and making bold innovations. Historically, any social change is guided by ideological emancipation, and the deepening of reform also depends on further emancipation of the mind. In fact, the 30-year history of China's reform and opening up is a history of constantly emancipating the mind and constantly pioneering and innovating. The process of reform is a process of emancipating the mind, boldly exploring and constantly innovating. Every step forward in reform will eliminate an ideological obstacle, and every step forward in reform. These ideological obstacles are mainly "Left" obstacles, that is, some traditional socialist concepts. At the beginning of rural reform, some people described the household contract responsibility system as the restoration of capitalism; When the SAR was first established, some people said that the SAR was capitalist except for the five-star red flag. For a long time, the market economy has been regarded as a scourge and denounced as a socialist heresy; Others believe that the non-public economy is the soil of capitalism, and the joint-stock system and joint-stock cooperative system are capitalism, which is called privatization.
It can be seen that without emancipating the mind, breaking through traditional concepts, breaking the ideological shackles and abandoning the "Left" dogma, there is no way to talk about reform.
(3) The focus and foothold of the reform should be to liberate and develop the productive forces and strengthen the country and enrich the people.
After the establishment of the socialist system in China, the fundamental reason why Deng Xiaoping called it the "second revolution" is that for a long time, China has formed a planned economic system with excessive concentration of power and single ownership structure, which has seriously hampered the development of productive forces, hindered the improvement of people's material and cultural living standards, suppressed the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of the broad masses of workers, and made socialism, which should be full of vitality, lose its vitality. The essence and purpose of the reform is to fundamentally change the economic system that restricts the development of China's productive forces, establish a socialist market economic system full of vitality and vitality, and at the same time carry out corresponding political system reforms and other reforms to realize the modernization of the country as soon as possible.
In the process of promoting China's reform, Deng Xiaoping has always given priority to liberating and developing productive forces and improving people's living standards as soon as possible; Whether it is conducive to the development of productive forces in socialist society, whether it is conducive to enhancing the comprehensive national strength of socialist countries, and whether it is conducive to improving people's living standards, as a standard for measuring the success or failure of reform and judging right and wrong; We should always focus on liberating and developing productive forces and improving people's living standards.
It is the reform practice centered on liberating and developing productive forces and improving people's living standards as soon as possible that has mobilized the direct participation of the overwhelming majority of the people, greatly mobilized the enthusiasm and creativity of the broad masses of the people, revived the cause of socialist construction, made great progress in productive forces, significantly enhanced comprehensive national strength and generally improved people's living standards, thus solving or alleviating a series of contradictions and problems accumulated over the years. We have every reason to say that China's reform and opening up in the past 30 years is a great turning point in the history of China's socialist development, which has largely saved the fate of China's socialism. Without the historic turning point of 1978, the future of socialism in China would be unimaginable.
(D) The implementation of the reform should follow the gradual process from easy to difficult, from point to surface, and gradually deepen.
Contemporary China was forced to reform by the great historical disaster caused by the "Cultural Revolution". History has not given us enough time to prepare for reform. Therefore, at the beginning of the reform, the pioneers of China's reform and opening up repeatedly stressed that we should cross the river by feeling the stones, proceed from the reality of China, boldly explore, pay attention to practical results, and sum up experience while practicing. At the beginning of the reform, only one general idea was determined: to liberate and develop the productive forces as the fundamental task and to mobilize the enthusiasm and creativity of the broad masses of the people as the starting point. The specific reform strategy is: first, start with areas that are easy to advance and can get quick results, that is, start with rural reform, then advance to urban reform, and at the same time start with economic system reform and then advance to politics, science and technology, education, culture and other fields, first gain experience through pilot projects, and then gradually push it away. That is, from top to bottom, from small to large, from easy to difficult, considering the affordability of all aspects, adapting to local conditions, taking advantage of the situation and proceeding step by step.
The goal of China's economic system reform is gradually formed after repeated consideration, comparison and years of thinking and experimentation. As we all know, the goal of China's economic system reform is to establish a socialist market economic system. However, the establishment of this goal has gone through a fierce debate for 14 years, and the intensity of the debate is rare in the history of China's development. Until the beginning of 1992, Deng Xiaoping made a famous talk in the south, and the debate ended. This practice of "crossing the river by feeling the stones", summing up while practicing, and gradually establishing the reform objectives in the reform practice is conducive to the steady advancement and gradual deepening of the reform, while preventing major setbacks.
In the process of implementing the reform, we should pay attention to the mutual cooperation of reforms in various fields. In particular, the political system reform should be compatible with the economic system reform. As Deng Xiaoping said, the success of China's reform depends on the reform of the political system. If we only engage in economic system reform without political system reform, we can't guarantee the results of economic system reform, and if we can't persist in it, it will hinder the development of productive forces.
(5) Promoting reform through opening up and opening up through reform.
One of the characteristics of China's reform is that reform and opening up go hand in hand. Drive reform through opening up and promote opening up through reform. Reform and opening up, like two wheels of a car and wings of a bird, has become the main driving force for social development in China.
The reason why China's reform must be closely integrated with the opening up is because today, with the socialization of production and economic globalization, the development of all countries cannot be separated from the world. History has repeatedly proved that closed doors can only lead to backwardness. You will be beaten if you fall behind. China has suffered this loss. As Deng Xiaoping said, today's world is an open one. China fell behind after the industrial revolution in western countries, and one of the important reasons was that it was closed to the outside world. We have suffered this loss, and so have our ancestors. If you count from the middle of the Ming Dynasty to the Opium War, you will be closed to the outside world for more than 300 years, and if you count from Kangxi, it will be nearly 200 years. The long-term closed-door policy has made China poor, backward and ignorant. The first five-year plan period after the founding of the People's Republic of China was open to the outside world, but at that time it was only open to the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. Later, the closed-door policy affected the development of China. China can't develop without opening up. This is a big policy.
China's reform is all-round, and so is China's opening up. It is open to the whole world and to all types of countries. Among them, it is mainly open to western developed countries. "Where do we mainly attract foreign investment and technology?" Because the essence of opening to the outside world is to absorb all the achievements of human civilization and progress, especially the civilized achievements of western developed countries in the world today. Gain an advantage over capitalism. Our opening to the outside world includes two aspects, one is opening to the outside world and the other is opening to the inside. Opening to the outside world is reform. Opening to the outside world is to break down regional barriers and realize a unified socialist market, which is one of the basic conditions for establishing a market economy. This requires a fundamental reform of the current system. Without reform, opening up will be difficult to implement and China will not develop. Opening to the outside world, especially opening to the outside world, will inevitably promote domestic system reform. Therefore, reform and opening up are complementary and inseparable.
(6) Correctly handle the relationship between development, reform and stability.
China's reform is an arduous and complicated systematic project, which needs bold exploration, steady progress and proper methods. Special attention should be paid to handling the relationship between reform, development and stability. In the history of China's revolution and construction, impatience has always ended in failure, and in the history of socialist reform, impatience has never had a successful precedent. Seeking development in stability and stability in development are valuable experiences gained by many developing countries in their long-term economic construction after the war, and are also the key to the success of some countries that are lagging behind. For developing countries like us, it is very important to promote reform in stability and seek development in stability. The main lesson of China's economic construction is impatience and rashness. When the situation is bad, the mind is relatively calm, and when the situation is good, the mind is hot. This impatience and rashness in socialist construction once brought great disasters to our society. This lesson should be firmly remembered.
Striving for progress in stability is the guiding ideology of reform and construction, and the key is to properly handle the relationship between development, reform and stability. Stability is the premise, development is the goal, and reform is the way and motivation.
The stability we seek is not stagnant stability, but dynamic stability and development stability. It is to obtain the social environment needed for development. Here, the principle of cycling will give us some enlightenment. Riding a bike too fast is easy to trip over. If you ride too slowly or don't move, you will eventually fall down. Only by maintaining a proper speed can we make steady progress.
One of the reasons for the success of China's reform is that the leading core of China's reform clearly understands and grasps the internal relationship among reform, development and stability. Namely: development is the center of all work and the purpose of reform and stability; Reform is a powerful driving force to promote social and economic development and an important guarantee for development and stability; Stability is the foundation of reform and development. Without social stability, nothing can be done.
(7) Correctly handle the relationship between breaking and standing, shorten the transition period of the old and new systems as much as possible, and minimize the losses caused by the transition period of the old and new systems.
Reform is the transformation of the old and new systems, and it is undoubtedly a process of breaking the old and establishing the new. In this case, reform will be a breakthrough, and we will dare to abolish and abandon all kinds of management systems and rules and regulations that are not suitable for the development of productive forces. But breaking is only a means, and standing is the purpose. Breaking should obey and serve the establishment. Even if it is broken, there are different ways to break it. Generally speaking, there are three main ways: one is to break before standing; The second is to stand while breaking; The third is to stand first and then break. The specific way to take it depends on its specific situation. In view of the historical experience of the reform of socialist countries, it is advisable to establish before breaking. When the new system is established, the old system will disintegrate, the new mechanism will play a role, and the old mechanism will naturally withdraw from the historical stage. Some countries completely deny the original system, engage in "shock therapy", blindly copy a certain model, and make it a commodity economy without commodities, market regulation and capitalism in a certain period of time. The old system and contacts have been destroyed, and the new system and mechanism have not been established, which will inevitably lead to chaos and a series of social crises. There are many reasons for the social problems in China's social life in the past few years, such as overheated economy, macro-control and some disorder. One of the important reasons is that the relationship between breaking and standing has not been properly handled. The old system and operating mechanism were destroyed, and the new system and operating mechanism failed to be established and operated normally in time, leaving a series of power vacuum, policy vacuum and legal vacuum, which were exploited by some people, leading to a series of major problems that plagued the social development of China, such as unfair social distribution, increasingly serious corruption and social disorder, so that we had to make great efforts to rectify them.
At present, China's reform has entered a critical stage, and the old and new systems coexist.