From 65438 to 1930s, the British invaders dumped a large amount of opium into China, harming the people of China and causing a large amount of silver outflow.
In the north, opium entered Tianjin through Dagukou.
1839, Lin zexu went to Guangdong to ban smoking, which angered the British invaders and flagrantly provoked the opium war in June 1840.
In August, the British army invaded Dagukou and made unreasonable demands such as land cession and compensation.
1842 In August, the Qing Dynasty was forced to sign the treaty of nanking, the first unequal treaty in China's modern history, and agreed to cede Hong Kong Island to Britain, pay huge reparations, open five trading ports and negotiate tariffs.
China began to gradually become a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.
From the Second Opium War to Eight-Nation Alliance's invasion of China in 1900, western powers invaded Dagukou Fort four times.
Dagukou soldiers and civilians bravely resisted and waged an indomitable struggle with the invaders.
After the defeat, Qing * * * realized the important strategic position of Dagukou.
Therefore, in July of 1858, Emperor Xianfeng appointed Senggelinqin as an imperial envoy to supervise the military affairs of coastal defense and guard Dagukou.
He rebuilt the new battery in the original site of Dagukou, and widened and thickened the old battery.
After completion, there are five forts, three on the south bank and two on the north bank, named after Wei, Zhen, Hai, Men and Gao respectively.
Later, a fortress was built in the crevices on the north bank as a posterior strategy, commonly known as "crevice fort". Because it is located in the northwest, western literature also calls it the northwest fortress.
In addition, Sengqin also strengthened the protection and firepower of the fortress, strengthened the combat readiness training of the defenders and formulated a series of combat readiness measures.
In the middle and late Qianlong period, the politics of the Qing Dynasty became increasingly corrupt and the national strength declined.
Western countries began to covet China.
From the end of 18 to the beginning of 19, British opium was smuggled into China in large quantities.
Lin Zexu, a minister who strongly advocated smoking ban in Qing Dynasty, arrived in Guangzhou on 1839, banned opium, collected more than 20,000 boxes of opium and destroyed them in public at Humen Beach from June 3 to 25.
At the same time, he and patriotic general Guan Tianpei actively deployed in Humen, Dongguan County, setting up 1 1 battery and more than 300 cannons.
However, the corrupt Qing Dynasty dismissed Lin Zexu for investigation.
184165438+1On October 7th, Charles Elliot, the British commercial supervisor in China, sent troops to raid the Pearl River Estuary Reef and Shajiao Fort, and the garrison commander Chen Liansheng died heroically.
Qi Shan, a minister of the Qing Dynasty who advocated surrender, privately asked Yi Fa to surrender, and promised to cede Hong Kong Island to Britain, open trading ports such as Guangzhou and compensate cigarettes.
Daoguang Emperor felt that the compensation for lost land seriously damaged the prestige of the Qing Dynasty, so he ordered to declare war on Britain.
On February 25th, Yi Law led warships to attack Humen Fort. Guan Tianpei took the lead and fought to the death. The guards repelled the British many times, but could not wait for reinforcements.
They persisted until the evening, and finally more than 400 soldiers died heroically because they were outnumbered.
At present, some soldiers who fought against the British army at that time were buried in the "righteous burial" on the Humen fort.
There is also a "soldier-saving tomb" behind Shajiao Fort at the western foot of Baicao Mountain in Humen, where Chen Liansheng and most of the soldiers who died on June 7, 65438 are buried.
Xiuyingbao
Xiuyingbao is a large military facility in ancient Hainan and one of the larger military facilities in ancient China.
It, together with Humen Fort in Guangdong, Wusong Fort in Shanghai and Dagu Fort in Tianjin, is called the four ancient forts in China.
Xiuyingbao is of great scientific value for investigating the historical and military geographical changes in Haikou.
The battery has gone through a hundred years, but it is basically well preserved.
Hainan people are not afraid of external humiliation, which is a witness of history.
Xiuying battery has roared twice in history.
Once, in the 13th year of Guangxu (1887), the French invaders wanted to monopolize Hainan Island, and Zhang Zhidong, governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, toured Qionghai and ordered Xiuying Castle to be built.
Xiuying Castle took four years to build, costing more than 200,000 yuan of silver and 50,000 cubic meters of earth. It is the first fortress in Hainan Island.
When Xiuying Castle was built in the 17th year of Guangxu (189 1), Zhang Zhidong came to Qiongzhou again to watch the test gun, and Xiuying Castle issued the first roar that shocked the powers.
The second time was during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period.
1September, 938, Japanese planes bombed Haikou and Fucheng in an attempt to occupy Hainan.
* * * The garrison stationed in Joan listed Xiuyingbao as an important defense facility in order to strengthen its preparedness.
1939 In February, Japanese warships were cruising in Qiongzhou Strait, and Wang Yi, commander of Qiongya garrison stationed at Xiuyingbao, ordered the firing of warning shots.
On February 1939, 10, when Xiuying village's troops were evacuated, Xiuying village's artillery attacked the Japanese invaders with a battery built in the late Qing dynasty, which fired the first shot of Hainan people's war of resistance.