Firearms before the birth of guns.
In A.D. 1 132, a military strategist in the Southern Song Dynasty invented a musket, which is the earliest tubular firearm in the world military history and can be called the originator of modern tubular firearms. By the end of the Southern Song Dynasty (1259), people in Shouchun Prefecture had created a musket, which used giant bamboo as the barrel and fired bullets (including black powder, ceramic tiles, broken iron, stones and so on). ). When detonating, the flame is ejected from the muzzle, and the bullet flies out, scattering and killing the opponent. This is the real origin of modern shotguns.
/kloc-in the 3rd century, gunpowder and metal tube-shaped firearms from China were introduced to Europe, and muskets developed rapidly. /kloc-At the beginning of the 5th century, the Spanish invented the matchlock gun. Later, it was imitated by the Ming dynasty and called the bird spear. Until AD 1525, the Italian Finch invented the flint gun, changed the ignition of match rope into flint, and gradually overcame the influence of climate, simplified the shooting procedure, improved the shooting accuracy, and could shoot at any time.
The invention of the afterloading gun was a major change in firearms in the19th century, which ended the 500-year history of loading bullets from the muzzle with a rifle probe and was called "a new era of light weapons and infantry tactics" by some history books.
Rifles before the invention of automatic principle
1860, the first renju gun in the United States. Guns are also single-shot rifles, but they don't need to be loaded from the outside, but rely on magazines to store ammunition. Pulling the bolt by hand can push it back into the chamber, and it can be fired several times in a row, which is much faster than manual single-shot rifle. In the Russian-Turkish war of 1877, the Turkish army used 30,000 renju guns to shoot quickly, killing more than 30,000 Russian soldiers. However, it was the German Paul Mao Se who really carried forward the renju gun and dominated it for decades. He invented the first latch rifle, which became the basis of modern rifles. Mauser guns are widely used all over the world, and China is one of the first countries to adopt and imitate Mao Se rifles.
Ma Keqin, known as the originator of automatic machine guns, opened a new era in the field of light weapons. In the Battle of the Somme, the Germans used the intensive firepower of Maccabee machine guns to annihilate more than 60,000 British troops in one day. The invention of Ma Keqin's automatic principle expanded the thinking for the research of other automatic weapons.
A constantly updated automatic rifle
The first semi-automatic rifle was designed by Mexican general mondragon. The semi-automatic rifle that truly marks the end of the era of direct action rifle and the arrival of the era of automatic rifle is the M 1 Garland rifle developed by American John Nigel Garland. It took 30 years for the gun to be recognized by the US military and mounted side by side, becoming the first mounted rifle, which played an important role in World War II.
Carbine actually belongs to the rifle series. Its barrel is short and light, which can be said to be born because of the needs of cavalry, so some people call it a lance or carbine.
Russian M 19 16 Fedoroff automatic rifle is one of the earliest automatic rifles in the world. One of the great contributions of American Browning automatic rifle is that after half a century, it inspired people to invent a single-soldier light machine gun or class automatic weapon that meets the requirements of modern warfare.
StG44, 1944 was named as the assault rifle, which is the first real assault rifle in the world. Later, the Soviet AK47 Kalashnikov assault rifle also stood out, and the influence of the AK47 rifle far exceeded that of the German StG44.
All kinds of assault rifles
Assault rifles are favored by countries all over the world because of their fierce firepower, light weight and small size. At present, more than 90 countries in the world have adopted small-caliber assault rifles, among which the most typical assault rifles are Colt M 16A2 in the United States, An -94 assault rifle in Russia, TAR-2 1 assault rifle in Israel, F2000 assault rifle in Belgium and CR2 1 assault rifle in South Africa. Among them, M 16A2 assault rifle is famous for its high firepower density and high precision, and it has made a big splash in the weapon comparison and evaluation of NATO standard bombs. In addition to equipping the US military, it is also sold to more than 50 countries around the world. The Russian-made An -94 assault rifle has an eye-catching backrest containing glass fiber, and adopts a double-row detachable 30-round magazine, which can realize two rounds of point fire, effectively enhancing the utilization rate of ammunition, and the shooting accuracy when standing for two rounds of point fire is higher than that of AK74 assault rifle 13 times. Israel's TAR-2 1 assault rifle adopts the general layout without support, which can flexibly replace barrels of different lengths to meet different requirements, thus forming its own gun family. The F2000 assault rifle has an independent fire control system, and it is said that it can even compete with the American ideal individual combat weapon (OICW).
In short, the evolution of rifles has never stopped. The successor weapon of the assault rifle is an ideal individual combat weapon, but it will take time for the ideal individual combat weapon to completely replace the assault rifle, because there are many key technologies to be broken through.