I think Zhang Zai is from the Northern Song Dynasty? Four sentences? It can well explain the role of intellectuals in historical development.
Heart is heaven and earth? Look for the law of the development of all things, make clear the direction, set goals, and make the society develop in an orderly direction. During the period of a hundred schools of thought contending, the theoretical achievements of Confucianism, France and Taoism gradually formed the theoretical system of governing the country in later generations. 17 Montesquieu in the world? Separation of powers? Doctrine is the historical origin of the current American political system.
Make a living for the people? We should care about people's sufferings, reflect their voices and enhance their well-being. Learning is not for grandstanding, but for improving people's livelihood. Du Fu in Tang Dynasty? There are tens of millions of buildings in Ande, which greatly protect all the smiles of the poor in the world, and the wind and rain are as quiet as mountains. Oh! When did I suddenly see this house in front of me, and it was enough for me to freeze to death alone? Fan Zhongyan, a politician in the Northern Song Dynasty, advocated reform and pleaded for the people, and was demoted three times. ? Six gentlemen in the reform movement of 1898? Sacrifice for reform? May 4th Movement? Patriotic students fought against Beiyang warlords with their bare hands and safeguarded national sovereignty? There are countless people who plead for life in history, and they have used their lives to push the wheel of history forward.
Learn from the past? Writing a book, educating people, educating the whole people, promoting traditional civilization, pioneering and innovating, so that Chinese civilization is profound and has a long history. A subset of classics and history, each of which is the crystallization of the painstaking efforts of literati and intellectuals. Sima Qian's Historical Records and Sima Guang's History as a Mirror?
World peace? Create a great legacy of permanent peace for future generations. As far away as Confucius, he traveled around the world and devoted himself to peace in troubled times. Sun Yat-sen? Save the people from fire and water and help the building collapse? Establish a political party, overthrow the Qing dynasty, create a Republic, and establish a military school. He devoted his whole life to transforming old China, leaving an indelible contribution in history.
The ancient ruling class was very cautious about intellectuals. Knowledge is the religion of the spiritual world, and intellectuals are the leaders. The verbal and written attacks of intellectuals are likely to lead to the collapse of the dynasty. In the French Revolution, the feudal dynasty was overthrown. Louis XVI sighed with emotion after reading the works of enlightenment thinkers in prison: Voltaire and Rousseau destroyed France! ?