The Value and Development of "Flower City" as a City Brand

The original material is the proceedings of the 6th Guangzhou Cultural Development Strategy Seminar.

Author Zheng Rongji

Original version number 200 1/04

Author's brief introduction Guangzhou University

Upper guide bearing

First, the value of "Flower City" as a historical and cultural brand in Guangzhou

(A) "Flower City" is a unique historical and cultural brand in Guangzhou.

Guangzhou is located in the subtropical zone, with long summer and warm winter. Flowers and plants are evergreen all the year round. Planting, loving, appreciating and sending flowers has a long history. Guangzhou in Han Dynasty, with the appearance of maritime Silk Road trade, introduced all kinds of overseas flowers, and the flowers in Guangzhou in Tang Dynasty became famous all over the country. Meng Jiao, a famous poet, once described the wonder of flowers and plants everywhere in Guangzhou in winter: "Flowers bloom on the sea in winter, and there are no homes and gardens everywhere". During this period, the cultivation of foreign flowers such as jasmine, henna and jasmine was very common overseas, and the flower trading market began to appear. At that time, the flower girl in Guangzhou wore all kinds of flowers with colored ropes for sale, which attracted Chinese and foreign tourists. In the mid-Qing Dynasty, Guangzhou has become the first "Winter jasmine market" in China, which is well-known at home and abroad. Every year, three days before New Year's Eve, a flower market is formed in the area in front of the San Francisco office in downtown Guangzhou. The streets stretch for miles and people are crowded, which has earned Guangzhou the reputation of "Flower City", which is the unique nickname and reputation of Guangzhou in domestic cities. The flower market has a history of more than 200 years and is a unique historical culture in Guangzhou. In recent years, the Winter jasmine market in Guangzhou has become bigger and bigger, and it has been held in several municipal districts, attracting many people from outside the city and in the province to visit. Flowers have also become spiritual products for Guangzhou citizens to beautify their families and cultivate their temperament, and there have been scenes of "enjoying flowers in the hall, adding new green to the balcony, sending flower baskets to relatives and friends, and learning floral art after work". From the perspective of flower industry, Guangzhou now has a flower planting area of 70,000 mu, more than 2,000 varieties of flowers, and the annual output value of flowers reaches 654.38+0 billion yuan, accounting for more than 65.438+00% of the whole country. These indicators have exceeded the domestic flower markets such as Shanghai, Kunming and Beijing. It is the largest flower producing area in China, the production and supply center of potted ornamental plants, the main distribution center of flowers and the dispatching center of imported flowers. It can be seen that the flower industry in Guangzhou not only has profound historical and cultural connotations, but also has a solid contemporary economic foundation. Coupled with superior climatic conditions and unique geographical location, it has a unique position in the country and a broad market prospect. "Flower City" is a city historical and cultural brand with great potential in Guangzhou.

(B) "Flower City" as the value of Guangzhou's historical and cultural brand

1. has a pulling effect on the development of flower industry in Guangzhou.

Guangzhou's flower industry has strong strength and remarkable achievements, but it can't dilute the sense of crisis and development consciousness. Guangzhou's flower industry is also facing fierce competition. For example, after successfully hosting the World Expo last year, Kunming, Yunnan Province continued to write articles on flower culture this year. The International Flower Festival in Shanghai has been held for several times, and the International Flower Festival in Chencun, Shunde is also challenging the provincial capital Guangzhou ... Generally speaking, the flower industry in Guangzhou still has shortcomings in traditional commercial operation and modern image operation. It is still insufficient in information transmission, cultural packaging and image building, which restricts the further development of flower industry to some extent, and also makes this traditional industry fail to become an important part of shaping Guangzhou's image and personality and developing tourism. "Culture is tangible economy, and economy is intangible culture" and "culture is tomorrow's economy". These viewpoints and practice in recent years show the important role of culture in the information age and knowledge economy age. For example, Songgang Town in Nanhai held the Peach Blossom Festival in the Spring Festival of 2000, and the peach blossoms in this town showed an unprecedented "good market". The sales rate of locally planted peach blossoms reached 98%, and farmers increased their income by more than 3 million yuan during the Spring Festival. It can be seen that the development of the city brand "Flower City" can inject history and culture into Guangzhou flower industry and "Flower Soul" and promote the further development of the industry.

2. "Flower City" has the function of establishing image and personality for Guangzhou's urban construction.

Guangzhou's "change every year, change every three years" has made gratifying achievements, and it is committed to changing the "change" of the urban environment, which is consistent with the image construction of "Flower City", but it is not clear enough. Therefore, bringing the brand development of "Flower City" into urban construction planning can make the goal of "Landscape City" in Guangzhou have more historical and cultural connotation and economic and social foundation. Although the term "landscape city" is very suitable for the natural characteristics of Guangzhou, it can be regarded as the common goal of many cities, and Guangzhou still lacks its own unique personality. Incorporating the brand of "Flower City" can enhance the personality connotation of "Landscape City". However, for a long time, the historical and cultural brand "Flower City" has not been highly valued in Guangzhou's urban construction and failed to play an effective role. In terms of urban construction, in the past, due to overemphasis on economic construction, neglect of scientific planning and management, and neglect of urban ecological construction, Guangzhou's urban environment once deteriorated, and the phenomenon of "flower city without flowers and concrete forest" appeared, which has been greatly improved in the past two years, but there is still a big gap compared with advanced cities such as Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Zhongshan and Dalian in China.

3. "Flower City" is a cultural tourism resource in Guangzhou.

Developing "Flower City" into a historical and cultural brand in Guangzhou is conducive to creating new and attractive tourist selling points. At present, Guangzhou's cultural and natural tourism resources are rich and colorful, but many of them are "small, scattered and unsightly". However, the man-made landscapes developed in 1990s, such as the "Grand View of the World", have been proved to be a failure by practice because they are passive water divorced from their own history and culture. Therefore, based on Guangzhou's unique history and culture, it should be one of the main directions of Guangzhou's tourism development to form comprehensive advantages with the idea of comprehensive development. Developing "Flower City" into a theme tourism brand is a comprehensive development based on Guangzhou's own unique history and culture, and it is also a resource that can avoid the short life cycle of man-made landscape and realize sustainable development. The facts of Chinese and foreign cultural history show that basing on one's own history and culture is not only one of the foundations of innovation, but also an important guarantee to avoid being easily cloned and realize sustainable development. Harbin, nicknamed "Ice City", develops cultural tourism with the theme of "ice". The annual ice and snow festival and related activities have attracted a large number of domestic and foreign tourists and become a unique cultural activity, which has lasted for many years.

"Flower City" is the new content of modern civilization construction in Guangzhou.

Guangzhou people have a civilized tradition of loving and appreciating flowers, and show a good spirit of civilization in flower culture. For example, there are flowers and plants everywhere in public places in Guangzhou, but there are few phenomena of looting and stealing flowers and plants in Guangzhou. When I first arrived in Guangzhou more than ten years ago, I found this phenomenon and felt very novel. Because this seems unimaginable in the mainland city where the author lived at that time. After the reform and opening up, Guangzhou's flower culture has also affected the mainland. In recent years, the author has read several reports about the looting of public potted flowers in the mainland. Not long ago, in a provincial capital, hundreds of citizens looted large flower beds and potted flowers. ④ In Guangzhou, not only at ordinary times, but also before the Spring Festival when citizens buy flowers for the Spring Festival, potted flowers are everywhere in urban public places, and it is rare to hear about stealing flowers and grabbing flowers, which is also a manifestation of the folk civilization of Huacheng. After the reform and opening up, with the introduction of western Valentine's Day, Christmas, Mother's Day and other festivals, traditional flower culture has absorbed western civilization and added western and modern colors, the most obvious being the popularity of Valentine's Day roses in both sexes. It can be said that the image of "Flower City" is also conducive to promoting Guangzhou's traditional civilization and promoting the construction of Guangzhou's public civilization.

Second, develop "Flower City" as a historical and cultural brand in Guangzhou.

(A) "Flower City" natural environment construction

1. Flower Garden Layout

In Hainan, coconut trees are everywhere, which constitutes a distinctive and harmonious feature of the city; Wherever you go in Hainan, you will feel like you are in Hainan when you see coconut trees. Guangzhou should consider using a kind of unique flowers and trees that are most suitable for Guangzhou's growth to run through the main roads of the city and play a leading role in the main tone of the city. Although kapok is the city flower in Guangzhou, its greening and shading effect is not good, and it can only be used as a local characteristic flower. The greening and shading effect of banyan trees is good, and it is easy to create a natural green "arcade". The disadvantage is that the south is everywhere and lacks unique and distinctive Guangzhou characteristics. But in the absence of better flowers and trees, banyan is still the first choice in Guangzhou. Under the main tone, each street, community, park and square should focus on the planting and distribution of flowers, forming a concentrated and distinctive effect, avoiding disorder, no theme and sameness. All streets, districts and parks should plant and set up related flowers and trees according to their own historical and cultural characteristics and natural environment characteristics, highlight their own flower themes, and jointly form Guangzhou's "Flower City". For example, Xianlie Road takes Guangzhou Huahongmian as the main body and adopts a tall and straight hero tree to symbolize the revolutionary spirit. Parks and communities near Xianlie Road can also use a variety of cotton trees to build a cotton garden with cotton trees as the main body and other flowers as supplements, making this road a good place to enjoy cotton trees in March and April. Flowers and scenery set each other off, which can promote the tourism of modern revolutionary historical sites in this area. Orchid garden, for example, takes the cultivation of orchids as the theme, supplemented by other flowers. Although the area is not large, it has formed its own characteristics.

2. Community garden should be the basic unit of Guangzhou's "Flower City" appearance.

In order to achieve the goal of "the most livable city", Guangzhou should vigorously develop community gardens. At present, Guangzhou attaches great importance to the construction of parks. In addition to the old parks, 30 new parks were built from 1997 to 2000. The park is also a part of the "Flower City", but the construction of community gardens cannot be ignored. For the general public, community gardens have a higher utilization rate than parks. Most citizens go to parks as scenic spots, and community gardens are very suitable for daily activities such as walking and leisure anytime and anywhere. For most residents, the park is far away, so it is not so convenient to buy tickets, but the community garden is much more convenient. Community gardens provide a good place for residents in this area and become a place for residents to communicate with each other. Community gardens can also beautify the city in a balanced and universal way. Although the real estate development in Guangzhou is carried out by big developers, it is conducive to the establishment, management and development of community activities in the future. However, a lot of communities are still relatively backward. I have been to many places in Guangzhou and found that some residential gardens have been damaged to varying degrees. Some are used as parking lots, some are piled up with sundries, and some are enclosed as small bases for flower and tree production. Most community gardens are small and monotonous, failing to combine with the functions of community cultural activities, with inadequate management and relatively backward facilities and environment, even in newly-built communities. In recent years, excellent community gardens such as Country Garden, Cuihu Villa and Lijiang Garden have appeared in Guangzhou, which reflects the demand of modern people for high-quality community gardens. The author suggests that Guangzhou hold a community garden design competition, build demonstration sites and promote the construction of urban community gardens. Taking a large number of community gardens as the basic unit of the city, we will build a garden-style city and form the characteristics of Guangzhou garden city.

3. Lingnan Garden should become the main body of the natural environment of Huacheng.

From 1999' s "one change every year" to "one change every three years" in 2000, Guangzhou has made gratifying achievements in the construction of urban natural environment. A large number of lawns, green trees and flowers have been planted, which has given Guangzhou a new look. It is worth noting that it has become fashionable to plant lawns in China in recent years. However, large lawns reflect the western concept of natural culture, which is suitable for Europe and the United States, but it is not suitable for planting lawns in a large number in a densely populated city like Guangzhou, but for planting trees on both sides of the road. The arcade in Guangzhou is a masterpiece to adapt to the short climate in Guangzhou. Guangzhou needs a natural "arcade" in ecological environment construction. In the combination of trees, flowers and buildings, we should pay attention to the characteristics of Lingnan gardens. Creating a sea of flowers and a green world in the Lingnan-style garden environment not only embodies the cultural characteristics of the East and Lingnan, but also suits the market situation in Guangzhou. Lingnan Garden, one of the four major gardens in China, has the characteristics of small scale and compact structure, which is very suitable for Guangzhou's high residential density and is conducive to overcoming the shortage of urban congestion and public space. Too much lawn planting is not suitable for the "city situation" of Guangzhou. In this respect, the construction experience of Lanpu Park is also worth learning. Lanpu is located in the downtown area and has a long and narrow garden, but the designers skillfully use various gardening techniques of Lingnan Garden, which makes the park patchwork, rich in content, quiet in the middle of the noise, and see the big in the small.

Third, build a "flower city" cultural environment.

(A) "Flower City" cultural facilities construction

1. Huacheng Cultural Center

In urban construction, environment is the foundation and culture is the soul. The two complement each other and are indispensable. The reason why Shenzhen OCT City can become a new tourism target after splendid china and other scenic spots lies in adhering to the development concept of "building a city with a garden", "environmental advantage is the foundation and cultural advantage is the soul", making the urban green coverage rate reach about 50%, forming a green ocean and flower world, and building a series of cultural facilities such as "sculpture gallery" at the same time, greatly improving the taste of garden-style urban areas. In recent years, every holiday, tourists who don't buy tickets in the "cities" outside the OCT scenic spot and tourists who buy tickets into the scenic spot have accounted for half, and even in peacetime, the former accounts for 30% of the latter, which has injected new content into the OCT tourism industry. In addition to creating a flower city environment with green leaves and fresh air, Guangzhou should also strive to inject historical and cultural connotations into the flower city, with some distinctive cultural facilities and a center that reflects the historical culture and typical characteristics of the flower city. This center is to Huacheng what eyes are to people. In the overall construction of the center, we should first avoid the one-sided pursuit of European customs and fashion, but pay attention to the combination with Lingnan architectural garden culture to further highlight the Lingnan characteristics that belong to our own advantages, or combine Lingnan tradition with European customs and even other regional characteristics in China to create new Lingnan characteristics. The newly-built Baomo Garden in Panyu District in recent years is a great success in the southern gardens of Ji Ling, which is very popular and shows the vitality of Lingnan gardens. In addition, create a "Flower City" mascot similar to Mickey Mouse, and strengthen the humanistic personality and regional characteristics of "Flower City". Four Seasons Gardens-Spring Garden, Summer Garden, Autumn Garden and Winter Garden-are built to reflect the characteristics of "Flower City" with evergreen seasons and blooming flowers in all seasons, so that visitors can enjoy flowers in the flowery gardens in any season. Build a flower garden to become a garden of flowers and related cultures at home and abroad, including (1) "Lingnan Flower Garden", to show Lingnan flowers and their history and culture, as well as the long history and culture of Guangzhou "Flower Market" and "Flower City"; (2) "China Flower Garden" brings together famous flowers and grasses and related cultures from all over China; (3) "World Flower Garden" brings together famous flowers and related history and culture from all over the world; (4) "Huamu Ecological Park" shows people various ecological relationships among plants, insects and animals. All of the above, through physical objects, words, pictures, performances, participation and other forms of display, have the effect of attracting different types of flower culture at home and abroad, making the center a scenic spot integrating sightseeing, leisure, consumption, shopping, trade and learning.

2. flower city square

Guangzhou has many nicknames, the most famous of which are "Yangcheng" and "Flower City". At present, many squares are being built or planned in Guangzhou, and the planned "Wuxianguan Cultural Greening Square" embodies the myth and legend of "Yangcheng". The author thinks that there should also be a "flower city square" in Guangzhou, and the landmark sculpture of "Flower City" should be set up in the square, with relevant cultural facilities and flowers and plants to reflect this nickname's history and culture. The importance of this square lies in that the "Flower City" is not a historical relic, not a point in Guangzhou, but a mobile resource that is widely connected with Guangzhou's traditional history and culture and the real economy and society. It is an endless resource that connects tradition, closely links with reality and points to the future, and has great historical value and practical significance. Flower city square can take the northern part of Guangzhou as a key consideration, because Baiyun Mountain in the north is the lung of Guangzhou, the main body of "mountain" in a landscape city, and the key zone for building a garden city. Conghua in the north is the water resource concentration and ecological belt in Guangzhou, Huadu District is one of the largest flower production bases in Guangzhou, and the north is the main road of Guangzhou's external traffic such as the new airport. Compared with the east, west and south of Guangzhou, it is the most suitable ecological area for the city and not suitable for living. It is the best choice if "flower city square" and "Huacheng Cultural Center" can be integrated or linked together.

At present, there are many flower production bases in Guangzhou, scattered all over the country. Therefore, the construction of "Flower City Cultural Center" and "flower city square" in Guangzhou should have an overall planning and deployment, so that all flower bases in Guangzhou can jointly invest in the construction in the form of shares to avoid fragmentation, repeated construction and vicious competition, because tourism products are also a special kind of municipal infrastructure construction, which has the characteristics of non-repetition and cannot be changed at will.

(b) Flower Festival: the highlight and dynamic image of "Flower City"

1. Cultural Significance of Flower Festival

Although many cultural festivals have been held in China in recent years, there is a trend of flooding, but as long as they are practical and have distinctive characteristics, they are still relatively easy to produce results.

At the beginning of 2000, the author pointed out in "My Opinion on Shaping the Commercial Image of Guangzhou" ⑤: Although the "Flower Market" is a distinctive festival in Guangzhou, it has maintained a traditional way since the reform and opening up, and the welfare elements have gradually increased. Although this function is indispensable, there is a lack of connection between the flower market and Guangzhou as a national flower market, and the economic benefits of the flower market have not been effectively brought into play, which cannot be said to be insufficient. It should be noted that the formation and development of traditional flower market is also closely related to economic and trade demand, and the previous small-scale peasant economic model is far from meeting the needs of today's economy. The flower market should be reformed and supplemented to meet the needs of the development of Guangzhou flower market, so that it can become a national or even transnational flower market, which not only has the function of festivals, but also establishes a bright and radiant image for Guangzhou flower industry and promotes its further development. Fortunately, The Guangzhou Municipal Government has held the "Guangzhou First Flower Festival and Flower Expo" from February 23rd, 2000 to February 23rd, 2006 (hereinafter referred to as the "Flower Expo"), February 23rd, 2006, February 23rd, 2006, February 23rd, 2006 and 2006. On February 23, 2006, February 23, 2006, February 23, 2006, and February 2, 2006, Fangcun, known as the "Millennium Flower Town", also opened the first Guangzhou Flower Expo Park in Fangcun District on 200 1 and 1 to welcome visitors from all directions. With the continuous enrichment and improvement of the Flower Festival in the future, it will play a positive role in promoting the development of the flower industry in Guangzhou.

2. The cultural highlight of the Flower Festival-Baihua Fair

When holding a flower festival, cultural programs should not be too general. Flower Festival must have striking cultural highlights to attract people's attention. The success of Dalian Fashion Festival lies in the cultural highlights of fashion performances, which are ornamental, artistic and participatory. This is also because clothing itself has this foundation. So what are the highlights of the Flower Festival to capture? The author believes that the cultural highlights of the Flower Festival should be unique, novel and in line with their own characteristics in principle, and it will be difficult to last without the highlights of the Flower Festival itself. The author's idea is to hold a "Hundred Flowers Expo" contest. Participants should be familiar with the basic knowledge of flower arrangement, flower and health care, flower planting, flower and ecology, and understand the history and culture of Huacheng. Arranging flowers, boiling flowers, performing costumes and other programs. According to the individual characteristics of the contestants, the contest can award them the "Cotton Tree Award" (bodybuilding type), "Phoenix Award" (enthusiasm type) and "Peach and Plum Award" (knowledge type), and then select "Flower Emperor", "Flower God" and "Hua Xian" to represent the champion, runner-up and runner-up. Baihuahui may consider cooperating with Guangzhou TV Station. Guangzhou TV Station has accumulated rich experience in organizing advertising model contests for many years. The previous issues of the advertising model contest caused a sensation. In recent years, the response is not as good as before, and innovation is needed. If we can change or hold another "Hundred Flowers Expo", I believe it will give people a refreshing feeling, and because of the combination of "Flower Festival", the impact will be much deeper. With the help of Guangzhou TV Station, Flower Festival gets twice the result with half the effort in terms of manpower, material resources and financial resources, and it is the best cooperation between cultural festivals, enterprises and media with complementary advantages and mutual benefit.

3. Other activities of the Flower Festival

Guangzhou Flower Festival can also vigorously expand flower diet, flower health care, flower clothing, flower home decoration and other projects. And can cooperate with food activities and fashion activities to form an interactive and complementary effect of "flowers, food and brocade" with flowers as the main body; Activities such as "Guangzhou Family Flower Arrangement Competition" and "International Flower Arrangement Competition" can be held. In addition, flower enterprises in Guangzhou can also use the brands of Guangzhou "Flower City" and "Flower Market" to take the flower market to other places, carry out business related to flower and garden design, and expand the influence of "Flower City". The continuous improvement of flower cultivation, preservation and other related technologies has also created good conditions for this activity. In the Spring Festival of 2000, a gardening company in Guangzhou held the Spring Festival Fair in Changde, Hunan. It was once a local custom for local leaders to pay tribute and Changde citizens to visit. The company also plans to hold flower markets in some cities such as Shandong and Shanxi. ⑥ Because flowers are not as distinctive as Cantonese cuisine, enterprises should have a sense of being ahead of the times and establish famous brands (including trademarks, names, service features and image design). ) large foreign flower markets and flower shops, such as "Guangzhou Flower City" and other direct and concise names, are also effective ways to make Guangzhou flower industry go to the whole country, expand its influence and improve its efficiency.

(C) "Flower City" information culture construction

1. Establish an online "Guangzhou Flower City"

This is considered from the information culture strategy. The rapid development of contemporary information industrialization has brought the informationization trend of other industries around the world. Establishing an online "Flower City" is a measure to upgrade the industry, expand its scale influence and establish a clear image. This idea takes the Internet as the carrier and is divided into two steps. The first step is to establish an online "Flower City" in Guangzhou, collect information about flowers at home and abroad, and form a flower information city, including: (1) the history and culture of "Flower City", the flower cultures of all parts of China, and the flower cultures of all countries in the world; (2) The bases, enterprises, varieties, service items and features of Guangzhou flowers; Wait a minute. At present, Fangcun has initially started the construction of flower e-commerce, which is a gratifying signal. The second stage is to expand the scope, establish an online "Flower City" across cities, provinces and even transnational countries, incorporate relevant flower information from different places into the network, and carry out online flower trading, flowers and gifts from different places, flower information exchange and training and learning. Although Guangzhou doesn't have a "Guangdong Flower Pavilion" all over the world like Guangdong Cuisine Pavilion, it can attract powerful foreign flower shops, flower farmers, flower equipment and other related units to join the website, which is an important basis for realizing the transformation from cross-regional "beauty of flower city" to "beauty of online flower city".

2. Encourage cultural creativity and creation with flowers as the theme.

Compared with the long history and culture of flowers and the developed flower market in Guangzhou, the cultural creativity and creation of this theme in Guangzhou are backward. In today's information society, the cultural creation of flowers is also a kind of information transmission and an effective and lasting advertisement. For example, Zhang Ji's a night-mooring near maple bridge made Hanshan Temple famous. The successful creation of the contemporary film Five Golden Flowers has greatly enhanced the influence of Dali, Yunnan. "Five Golden Flowers" with its permanent charm, let the media talk endlessly, and made free advertisements for many years. "Five Golden Flowers" itself has become a tourism cultural product in Dali. In the 1980s, a song "Sun Island" made many people flock to Sun Island. ..... There is an old saying in China: "The mountain is not high, and there is a fairy to name it; The water is not deep, and the dragon is the spirit. " This is the phenomenon. In this regard, the government should tilt towards the creation of flower themes at a certain stage to foster their germination and growth. Songs and dances, feature films, novels, essays, cartoons, handicrafts and so on are all creative forms; In addition to encouraging local cultural people, we should also encourage foreign cultural people to participate in the creation, and give creative awards and creative awards to such themes. This is also one of the measures to create cultural products with Guangzhou characteristics and prepare content for the Flower Festival. In addition, "Flower City" can also be compiled into concise and vivid small series and picture books to promote and make TV series to promote and promote. Television stations can also hold some variety shows such as "Beauty of Flower City" with flowers as the theme and flowers' knowledge, art, customs and songs and dances as the content. Of course, in this respect, we should advocate guidance, not rigid instructions, to prevent it from being divorced from reality and becoming rigid.

Flowers are an industry that has both traditional advantages and can shape the cultural connotation and image of Guangzhou, and should become one of the main components of Guangzhou Cultural Grand View Garden and the brand of Guangzhou tourism. On the whole, it is an important content to concentrate resources, rationally allocate resources, do a good job in the construction of "Flower City", promote tourism and other industries, shape the image and personality of the city and enhance its charm.

Precautions:

(1) "send judge Hou to Guangzhou";

② Zhao Yanhua: Crossing the Yangtze River to Challenge the Flower Industry in Yangcheng, Guangzhou Huasheng,No. 1, 2001;

(3) This newspaper: The Farmers' Rich Journey of the Peach Blossom Festival sponsored by the government, Nanfang Daily, 2000-2-18-b4;

(4) Shen Xiaoping's "Not Only" Politeness ",China Reform News 2000-10-24;

⑤ Lingnan literature and history, 1, 2000;

⑥ Huang: Guangzhou people go out of the province to hold a flower market, Yangcheng Evening News 2000- 1-28-A5.